1-1 Essential Question: How do graphs and equations

reveal information about a relationship between two

Key Features of quantities?
Functions
Pregunta esencial: ¿Cómo revelan las gráficas y
ecuaciones información sobre una relación entre dos
I CAN . . . interpret key cantidades?
features of linear,
quadratic, and absolute
value functions given an
equation or a graph. Vocabulary/Vocabulario
PUEDO . . . Interpretar
• domain
características clave de • range
funciones lineales, • interval notation
cuadráticas y de valor
absoluto dada una • maximum
ecuación o una gráfica. • minimum
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
What are the domain and range of the function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 3?

¿Cuáles son el dominio y el rango de la función definida por y = x2 – 3?

EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
What are the domain and range of the function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 3?

domain – the set of all possible input

values, “𝑥’s” for a relation.

Dominio ‒ el conjunto de todos los valores de entrada posibles, “𝑥”

para una relación.
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
What are the domain and range of the function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 3?

domain – the set of all possible input

values, “𝑥’s” for a relation.

Since you can square any number,

all real numbers can be input for 𝑥.

Como puedes elevar al cuadrado cualquier número, todos los números

reales se pueden ingresar para 𝑥.
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
How can you represent the domain as a set of numbers?

¿Cómo se puede representar el dominio como un conjunto de

números?
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
How can you represent the domain as a set of numbers?

Interval notation represents a set of real

numbers by the pair of values that are its
left (minimum) and right (maximum)
boundaries.

La notación de intervalo representa un conjunto de

valores reales números por el par de valores que son
sus izquierda (mínimo) y derecha (máximo) límites.
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
How can you represent the domain as a set of numbers?

Interval notation represents a set of real

numbers by the pair of values that are its
left (minimum) and right (maximum)
boundaries.

Using interval notation, the domain of

this function is (‒∞, ∞)

Usando notación de intervalo, el dominio de esta función es (‒∞, ∞)

EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
How can you represent the domain as a set of numbers?

Set Notation uses a verbal description or

an inequality to describe the numbers.

La notación de conjuntos utiliza un verbal descripción o una

desigualdad para describir los números.
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
How can you represent the domain as a set of numbers?

Set Notation uses a verbal description or

an inequality to describe the numbers.

Using set notation, the domain of this

function is {𝑥|𝑥 is a real number}

Usando notación de conjuntos, el dominio de este la función es

{𝑥|𝑥 es un número real}
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
How can you represent the domain as a set of numbers?

Set Notation uses a verbal description or

an inequality to describe the numbers.

Using set notation, the domain of this

function is {𝑥|𝑥 is a real number}

The set of all 𝑥’s, such that . . .

El conjunto de todas las 𝑥, tal que . . .

EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
How can you represent the domain as a set of numbers?

Set Notation uses a verbal description or

an inequality to describe the numbers.

Using set notation, the domain of this

function is {𝑥|‒∞ < 𝑥 < ∞}

The set of all 𝑥’s, such that . . .

El conjunto de todas las 𝑥, tal que . . .

EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
What is the range of the function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 3?

¿Cuál es el rango de la función definida por 𝑦 = 𝑥2 – 3?

EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
What is the range of the function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 3?

range – the set of all possible output

values “the 𝑦’s” for a relation.

rango ‒ el conjunto de todos los valores de salida

posibles “las 𝑦” para una relación.
EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
What is the range of the function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 3?

range – the set of all possible output

values “the 𝑦’s” for a relation.

Using interval notation, the range for this

function is [‒3, ∞)

Usando notación de intervalo, el rango para este la función es [‒3,∞)

EXAMPLE 1 Understand Domain and Range
What is the range of the function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 3?

range – the set of all possible output

values “the 𝑦’s” for a relation.

Using interval notation, the range for this

function is [‒3, ∞)
Using set notation, the range for this
function is {𝑦|𝑦 ≥ ‒3}
Usando notación de conjuntos, el rango para este la función es
{𝑦|𝑦 ≥ ‒3}
EXAMPLE 1 Other Features of a Parabola
What is the vertex of a quadratic equation?

¿Cuál es el vértice de una ecuación cuadrática?

EXAMPLE 1 Other Features of a Parabola
What is the vertex of a quadratic equation?

It is the absolute minimum point of the

parabola (the shape of the curve), when
it opens upwards.

Es el punto mínimo absoluto de la parábola (la forma de la curva),

cuando se abre hacia arriba.
EXAMPLE 1 Other Features of a Parabola
What is the vertex of a quadratic equation?

It is the absolute maximum point of the

parabola (the shape of the curve), when
it opens downwards. •

Es el punto máximo absoluto de la parábola (la forma de la curva),

cuando se abre hacia abajo.
EXAMPLE 1 Other Features of a Parabola
The axis of symmetry is a vertical line
that passes through the vertex.

El eje de simetría es una recta vertical que pasa por el vértice.

EXAMPLE 1 Other Features of a Parabola
STUDY TIP
An interval with excluded boundary points is
called “open” and is represented by open
circle endpoints on the graph and parenthesis ◦
when using interval notation ( ).

CONSEJO DE ESTUDIO
Un intervalo con puntos límite excluidos se llama "abierto"
y está representado por abierto puntos finales del círculo
en el gráfico y paréntesis cuando se utiliza la notación de intervalo ( ).
EXAMPLE 1 Other Features of a Parabola
STUDY TIP
An interval with included boundary points is
called “closed” and is represented by solid
circle endpoints on the graph and brackets ◦
when using interval notation [ ].

CONSEJO DE ESTUDIO
Un intervalo con puntos límite incluidos es llamado "cerrado" y está
representado por un sólido puntos finales del círculo en el gráfico y
corchetes cuando se utiliza la notación de intervalo [ ].
You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What is the Domain of this function?

¿Cuál es el dominio de esta función?

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What is the Domain of this function?

Set Notation: {𝑥|𝑥 is a real number}

Notación de conjuntos: {𝑥|𝑥 es un número real}

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What is the Domain of this function?

Set Notation: {𝑥|𝑥 is a real number}

Interval Notation: (‒∞,∞)

Notación de intervalo: (‒∞,∞)

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What is the Range of this function?

¿Cuál es el rango de esta función?

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What is the Range of this function?

Set Notation: {𝑦|𝑦 ≤ 4}

Notación de conjunto: {𝑦|𝑦 ≤ 4}

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What is the Range of this function?

Set Notation: {𝑦|𝑦 ≤ 4}

Interval Notation: (‒∞, 4]

Notación de intervalo: (‒∞,∞)

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What are the 𝑥-intercepts of this function?

¿Cuáles son las intersecciones 𝑥 de esta función?

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What are the 𝑥-intercepts of this function?

‒5 and ‒1

• •

‒5 y ‒1
You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What are the 𝑥-intercepts of this function?

The 𝑥-intercepts are also the

zeros of the function because
they are the input values that • •
result in a function output
value of 0.

Las intersecciones en x también son las

ceros de la función porque son los valores de entrada que dar como
resultado una salida de función valor de 0.
You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What are the 𝑦-intercepts of this function?

¿Cuáles son las intersecciones en 𝑦 de esta función?

You Try It! Understand Domain and Range
What are the 𝑦-intercepts of this function?

‒4

¿Cuáles son las intersecciones en 𝑦 de esta función? ‒4

EXAMPLE 3 Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 9 positive?

−∞ +∞

¿Para qué intervalos es f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 ‒ 9 positivo?

EXAMPLE 3 Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 9 positive?

Locate the 𝑥-intercepts, or the

zeros of the function.

−∞ +∞

Localiza las intersecciones con 𝑥, o los ceros de la función.

EXAMPLE 3 Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 9 positive?

Locate the 𝑥-intercepts, or the

zeros of the function.
Draw vertical lines that go through
−∞ +∞ the 𝑥-intercepts.

Dibuja líneas verticales que pasen por las intersecciones con 𝑥.

EXAMPLE 3 Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 9 positive?

Locate the 𝑥-intercepts, or the

zeros of the function.
Draw vertical lines that go through
−∞ +∞ the 𝑥-intercepts.
Define each interval as you move
across the graph from left to right.

Defina cada intervalo a medida que se desplaza por el gráfico de

izquierda a derecha.
EXAMPLE 3 Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 9 positive?

From ‒∞ to ‒3, the graph is

above the 𝑥-axis or is positive.

−∞ +∞

De ‒∞ a ‒3, la gráfica está por encima del eje 𝑥 o es positiva.

EXAMPLE 3 Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 9 positive?

From ‒3 to 3, the graph is

below the 𝑥-axis or is negative.

−∞ +∞

De ‒3 a 3, la gráfica está debajo del eje 𝑥 o es negativa.

EXAMPLE 3 Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 9 positive?

From 3 to +∞, the graph is

above the 𝑥-axis or is positive.

−∞ +∞

De 3 a +∞, la gráfica está por encima del eje 𝑥 o es positiva.

You Try It! Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + 6 positive?

¿Para qué intervalos es f(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + 6 positivos?

You Try It! Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what intervals is f(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + 6 positive?

From ‒4 to +2

De ‒4 a +2
You Try It! Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what interval is f(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + 6 negative?

¿Para qué intervalo es f(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + 6 negativos?

You Try It! Identify Positive or Negative Intervals
For what interval is f(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + 6 negative?

From ‒∞ to ‒ 4, and from 2 to +∞

¿Para qué intervalos es f(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + 6 negativos?

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

Identificación de intervalos donde la gráfica es creciente y decreciente.

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

A medida que avanza de izquierda a derecha. . .

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

Imagine a vertical line moving
across the graph.

Imagina una línea vertical moviéndose a través del gráfico.

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

Imagine a vertical line moving
across the graph.

Imagina una línea vertical moviéndose a través del gráfico.

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

Imagine a vertical line moving
across the graph.

Imagina una línea vertical moviéndose a través del gráfico.

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

Imagine a vertical line moving
across the graph.
What is happening to the graph?

¿Qué le está pasando a la gráfica?

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

Imagine a vertical line moving
across the graph.
What is happening to the graph?
It is increasing.

va en aumento.
EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

Imagine a vertical line moving
across the graph.
What is happening to the graph?
It is increasing.
Where does it stop increasing?

¿Dónde deja de aumentar?

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

As you move from left to right . . .

Imagine a vertical line moving
across the graph.
What is happening to the graph?
It is increasing.
Where does it stop increasing?
When the vertical line gets to x = ─2

Cuando la recta vertical llega a x = ─2.

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

So, the interval where the graph is

increasing is from ─∞ to ─2.
─∞

Entonces, el intervalo donde la gráfica crece es de ─∞ a ─2.

EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

So, the interval where the graph is

increasing is from ─∞ to ─2.
Now the graph changes directions
and begins to decrease, from ─2 to
where?

Ahora la gráfica cambia de dirección y comienza a decrecer, ¿desde ─2

hasta dónde?
EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

So, the interval where the graph is

increasing is from ─∞ to ─2.
Now the graph changes directions
and begins to decrease, from ─2 to
where? Positive four.

Cuatro positivos.
EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

So, the interval where the graph is

increasing is from ─∞ to ─2.
Now the graph changes directions
and begins to decrease, from ─2 to
where? Positive four.
So, the interval where the graph is
decreasing is from ─2 to positive 4.

Entonces, el intervalo donde la gráfica es decreciente es

de ─2 a 4 positivo.
EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

At this point, the graph changes back

to increasing until what point?

En este punto, la gráfica vuelve a cambiar para aumentar hasta qué

punto?
EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

At this point, the graph changes back

to increasing until what point?
Positive 7.

Positivo 7.
EXAMPLE 4 Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.

At this point, the graph changes back

to increasing until what point?
Positive 7.
So, the interval where it increases
again is from positive 4 to positive 7.

Entonces, el intervalo donde vuelve a aumentar es de 4 positivo a 7

positivo.
You Try It! Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.
For what interval is f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 increasing?

¿Para qué intervalo es f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 aumentando?

You Try It! Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.
For what interval is f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 increasing?

From ‒∞ to 0

¿Para qué intervalo es f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 aumentando? De ‒∞ a 0

You Try It! Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.
For what interval is f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 decreasing?

¿Para qué intervalo es f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 decreciente?

You Try It! Identify Where a Function Increases
or Decreases.
For what interval is f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 decreasing?

From 0 to +∞

¿Para qué intervalo es f(𝑥) = ‒2|𝑥| + 5 decreciente? De 0 a +∞

Time to Flex Your Gray Matter
Savvas Online 1.1
Problem #’s 1 ‒ 8