DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN

AGROCULTURAL FARMING CONTROL AND

SYSTEM WITH FARMER LOGIN FOR
PRODUCT MONITORING

23PMC306
A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SURYA S
Register No: 730923632052

in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of the degree

of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

in

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

EXCEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

An Autonomous Institution, affiliated to Anna University Chennai
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi

KOMARAPALAYAM – 637303

NOV-DEC 2024
 EXCEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KOMARAPALAYAM - 637303

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN

AGROCULTURE FARMING CONTEROL AND SYSTEM WITH FARMER LOGIN
FOR PRODUCT MONITORING” is the bonafide work of SURYA S (Reg No:
730923632052), who carried out the project under my supervision. Certified further, that to
thebest of my knowledge the work reported here in does not form part of any other project
report dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier
occasion on this or any other candidate.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. P.S. VELUMANI, MCA., Ph.D., Mrs. K. YASODHA, MCA.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT GUIDE

Professor/ Head
Assistant Professor
Department of MCA
Department of MCA
Excel Engineering College Excel Engineering College

Komarapalayam – 637303 Komarapalayam – 637303

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on _.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 DECLARATION

I jointly declare that the project report on “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

OF AN AGRICULTURAL FARMING CONTROL SYSTEM WITH FARMER
LOGIN FOR PRODUCT MONITORING” is the result of original work done by me
and best of my knowledge, similar work has not been submitted to “ANNA
UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI” for the requirement of Degree of MASTER OF
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS. This project report is submitted on the partial
fulfilment of the requirement of the award of Degree of MASTER OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS.

SIGNATURE

SURYA S
730923632052

Place: Komarapalayam

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our honorable chairman, Dr. A.K. NATESAN,
M.Com., MBA., Ph.D., FTA., for providing immense facilities at our institution.
We are very proudly rendering our thanks to our Principal Dr. K. BOMMANNA RAJA,
M.E., Ph.D., for the facilities and the encouragement given by him to the progress and completion
of our project
We proudly render our immense gratitude to the Head of the Department, Dr. P.S. VELUMANI,
MCA., Ph.D., for his effective leadership, encouragement and guidance in the project.
We are highly indebted to provide our heart full thanks to our guide Mrs. K. YASODHA.,
MCA., Assistant Professor, for her valuable ideas, encouragement and supportive guidance
throughout the project.

We wish to extend our sincere thanks to all faculty members of ours Computer Applications
Department for their valuable suggestions, kind cooperation and constant
encouragement for successful completion of this project.

We wish to acknowledge the help received from various Departments and various individuals
during the preparation and editing stages of the manuscript.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT I

LIST OF FIGURES II

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS III

1 INTRODUCTION 01

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Objective of the Project

1.3. Scope of the Project

1.4. Methodology/Procedure

1.5. Project Framework

1.6 Data and Information

1.7 Primary Source of Data

1.8 Source of Data

2 LITRATURE REVIEW 05

3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 06

3.1. Existing System

3.2. Proposed System

3.3. Feasibility Study

4 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 11

4.1. Hardware Requirements

4.2. Software Requirements

5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 12

5.1. Front End

5.2. Back End

6 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 19

6.1. Overview of the Project

6.2. System Architecture

6.3. Data Flow Diagram and Tables

7 SYSTEM TESTING 26

7.1. Unit Testing

7.2. Integration Testing

7.3. Functional Testing

7.4. Testing Table

8 APPENDICES 28

8.1. Source Code

8.2. Sample Screens

9 CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 36

9.1. Conclusion

9.2. Future Enhancement

10 REFERENCES 37
 ABSTRACT

The Agroculture Management System (AMS) is a comprehensive digital solution designed to

modernize and streamline farming practices through the integration of advanced technologies. This
system focuses on enhancing the efficiency of agricultural processes by providing tools for crop
management, soil and water monitoring, weather forecasting, and data analytics. By leveraging
real-time data, AMS enables farmers to make informed decisions that optimize resource use,
increase crop yields, and promote sustainable farming practices.

The system aims to address key challenges in Agroculture, including resource inefficiency,
unpredictable weather patterns, and the environmental impact of traditional farming methods. AMS
integrates data from IoT sensors, satellite imagery, and weather services, which collectively support
accurate predictions and effective management strategies. Through a user-friendly interface,
farmers can monitor their fields remotely, receive alerts, and access detailed reports, facilitating
proactive farm management.

Furthermore, AMS provides modules for farm inventory management, financial tracking, and
market integration, helping farmers connect directly with consumers and distributors. The AMS
represents a step forward in digital Agroculture, promoting sustainable, efficient, and profitable
farming by leveraging technology for smarter agricultural practices.

1
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS EXPANSION

AMS Agroculture Management System

GIS Geographic Information System

DBMS Database Management System

SLA Service Level Agreement

QoS Quality of Service

FPA Farmer Producer Company

PSA Precision Agroculture

BMS Building Management System (for greenhouses)

FMS Farm Management Software

IAAP Implementation of Administration in Agroculture Platform

2
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
AgroCulture is the farmer system where they can plan, monitor and analyze the activity
of the farmers production system. It manages farmer operation with one system and organizes
data in one place. It helps smart farmers become even smarter. This creates in partnership with
5growers and buyers. It inspire farmer to produce and buyers to consume fresh goods.

AgroCulture System will make better connection among Farmers and Buyers ensure quality
food. Standardize and increase efficiency of Farm Buddy process.

1.2 Objectives of the Project

The specific objectives of the project include:

❖ To provide qualitative foods to the buyers.

❖ Implementing an automated/online AgroCulture system.
❖ To inspire farmer to produce quality goods and supply to the buyers.
❖ Eco-friendly farming system.
1.3 Scope of the Project
It is focused on studying the existing system of AgroCulture in and to make sure that
the peoples are getting quality fresh goods. This is also will produce:

❖ Less effort and less labour intensive, as the primary cost and focus primary on
creating, managing, and running a secure quality food supply.
❖ Increasing number of buyers as individuals will find it easier and more
convenient to buy goods.
❖ Easy management.
1.4 Methodology/Procedure
For the development of project the designing of database was done on PHPMYADMIN,
back end was coded in basic PHP and for frontend we used the same basic PHP codes. Software
methodologies are concerned with the process of creating software – not so much the technical
side but the organizational aspects. Several software development approaches have been used
since the origin of information technology.

3
1.5 Project Framework
A framework is a standardized set of concepts, practices, and criteria for dealing with a
common type of problem, which can be used as a reference to help us approach and resolve
new problems of a similar nature.

The aim of framework is to provide a common structure so that developers don’t have to redo
it from scratch and can reuse the code provided. In this way, frameworks allow’s us to cut out
much of the work and save a lot of time.

1.6 Data and Information

Data collection plays an important role in a projects succession and also it plays an
inevitable role in the timely completion of the project. The data in the project includes contact
information of the clients and their respective feedbacks/complaints which is stored in a
database. To assure safety, only the admin has proper access to the information provided by the
clients.

1.7 Primary Source of Data

Primary data are the first hand data. The necessary information was collected from day to
day observation, problems, instructions of supervisor. Queries and personal discussion with the
staff of the organization.

➢ Observation of working environment

➢ Informal discussion and Secondary interaction with the staff of the library department

1.8 Source of Data

The Secondary sources of data were collected in order to achieve the real and fact data as
far as available. The major sources of secondary data are as follows:

➢ Annual reports of the concerned organization

➢ Related websites.

4
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Agroculture Management Systems (AMS) are increasingly essential in modern farming,
aiming to enhance productivity and sustainability through digital solutions. Key technologies
in AMS include the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Geographic
Information Systems (GIS), and Decision Support Systems (DSS). IoT devices like sensors and
drones provide real-time data on soil and crop health, enabling precise resource management
and reducing costs (Bhagat et al., 2020). AI and machine learning algorithms further enhance
AMS by predicting crop yields and identifying pest issues, improving decision-making in crop
and pest management (Zhang et al., 2021).

GIS and remote sensing technologies support spatial analysis and monitoring of soil
conditions and crop health, which aids in efficient land and resource management (Kumar &
Awasthi, 2018). DSS tools provide farmers with actionable insights, helping them optimize
irrigation, scheduling, and resource allocation (Patel et al., 2020).

Despite these advancements, AMS adoption faces challenges, particularly for smallholder
farmers, due to high costs, technical complexity, and the need for specialized knowledge.
Privacy concerns and data security also remain issues (Lee et al., 2022). Nonetheless, AMS
play a crucial role in promoting sustainable Agroculture by optimizing inputs, reducing
environmental impact, and supporting climate adaptation efforts (Gupta & Sharma, 2020).

5
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.0 System Analysis

System Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and
their relationships within and outside of the system. Here the key question is- why all problems
exist in the present system? What must be done to solve the problem? Analysis begins when a
user or manager begins a study of the program using existing system. During analysis, data
collected on the various files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system.
The commonly used tools in the system are Data Flow Diagram etc. Training, experience and
common sense are required for collection of relevant information needed to develop the system.
The success of the system depends largely on how clearly the problem is defined, thoroughly
investigated and properly carried out through the choice of solution. A good analysis model
should provide not only the mechanisms of problem understanding but also the frame work of
the solution. Thus it should be studied thoroughly by collecting data about the system. Then
the proposed system should be analyzed thoroughly in accordance with the needs. System
analysis can be categorized into four parts.

➢ System planning and initial investigation

➢ Information Gathering
➢ Applying analysis tools for structured analysis
➢ Feasibility study
➢ Cost/ Benefit analysis.

In our existing system the recording of user’s information is done manually, So taking more
time for searching the information of the users. Another major disadvantage is that preparing
the list of members that viewed any user’s information takes more time. So, after conducting
the feasibility study I decided to make the AgroCulture System to be computerized.

6
3.1 Existing System

The current systems used in Agroculture management are often fragmented, with multiple
standalone tools and methods addressing different aspects of farm operations. Key components
of existing systems typically include:

1. Manual Data Collection and Record-Keeping: Farmers often rely on manual

processes for recording data about crop yields, soil health, and resource use. This can
be time-consuming, prone to errors, and difficult to analyze on a larger scale.
2. Limited Use of IoT and Automation: While some farms use sensors for soil moisture
and temperature monitoring, these technologies are often expensive and are limited to
specific farms or regions. Drones and GPS are occasionally used but are not widely
accessible due to high costs and limited technical expertise among farmers.
3. Independent Decision Support Systems (DSS): DSS tools provide advice on planting
schedules, irrigation needs, and pest management, but they are usually disconnected
from real-time data sources. These systems are often generic and don’t consider specific
farm conditions, leading to suboptimal recommendations.
4. Inefficient Resource Management: Without integrated systems, farmers struggle to
optimize resource use (e.g., water, fertilizers, pesticides). The absence of precision
Agroculture technologies results in overuse or underuse of resources, which can harm
crop productivity and soil health.
5. Basic Weather Forecasting: Weather information is generally obtained from local
news or basic apps, which may not be specific or timely enough to meet the unique
needs of Agroculture. This limits the ability to proactively respond to climate changes.
6. Minimal Environmental Impact Monitoring: Existing systems generally lack
comprehensive tools for monitoring the environmental impact of farming practices,
such as greenhouse gas emissions or soil degradation.

7
3.2 Proposed System

The Proposed Agroculture Management System (AMS) is designed to be an integrated,

digital solution that addresses the limitations of existing systems by utilizing advanced
technologies to optimize all aspects of farm management. Key components include:

1. Real-Time Data Collection via IoT: The proposed system would employ IoT sensors
and drones to continuously monitor soil moisture, temperature, crop health, and
environmental conditions. This data would be collected automatically and updated in
real-time, providing farmers with precise, actionable insights.
2. AI and Machine Learning Integration: Advanced algorithms would analyze
historical and real-time data to predict crop yields, optimize planting schedules, detect
pests, and recommend specific interventions. AI-driven predictions would support
precision Agroculture, leading to better decision-making and resource management.
3. Comprehensive Decision Support System (DSS): The proposed AMS would offer a
robust, integrated DSS that uses real-time data and predictive analytics to provide
tailored recommendations. This system would allow for scenario modeling, enabling
farmers to explore different crop and resource management strategies based on
expected outcomes.
4. Automated Resource Management: By leveraging IoT and AI, the proposed AMS
would automate irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide applications, reducing waste and
optimizing inputs. These adjustments would be based on real-time data, ensuring that
resources are applied precisely when and where they’re needed.
5. Advanced Weather Forecasting: The proposed system would incorporate hyperlocal
weather forecasting and climate data, which could be directly integrated into the farm
management system. This allows farmers to proactively adapt to weather changes,
minimizing crop damage from extreme weather events.
6. Environmental Impact Tracking: The proposed AMS would include tools to monitor
environmental indicators like greenhouse gas emissions, soil quality, and water usage.
By tracking these metrics, the system would help farmers implement sustainable
practices and reduce their environmental footprint.
7. Mobile Accessibility and User-Friendly Interface: The AMS would offer a mobile-
friendly interface, making it accessible to farmers with varying levels of technical
expertise. It would provide visualizations and alerts to ensure that farmers can quickly
understand and act on the data.

8
 8. Market Integration and Financial Management: The system could offer modules for
inventory management, crop sales, and financial tracking, allowing farmers to better
manage their finances and connect directly with markets, consumers, or distributors.

3.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Technical Feasibility

➢ Infrastructure Requirements: The AMS requires internet connectivity, smartphones,

computers, and basic sensors for data collection. In remote areas, low-cost sensors and
offline functionality can be integrated to reduce dependency on constant internet access.
➢ Technology Stack: The AMS could be developed using a web-based or mobile platform
with technologies like IoT sensors for data collection, GPS for location-based services,
and cloud storage for data management. The system may also use simple algorithms for
decision support.
➢ Technical Expertise: Skilled personnel are needed to design, build, and maintain the
AMS, especially for IoT integration, data management, and app development.
However, a simpler system with basic data entry and display functionality could reduce
the need for advanced technical skills.
➢ Operational Feasibility
➢ User Accessibility: The AMS should be designed with a user-friendly interface that can
be easily used by farmers with varying levels of technological proficiency. Offering a
mobile application with multilingual support and simple data entry can improve
accessibility.
➢ Training and Support: Training programs will be necessary for farmers to understand
and use the AMS effectively. Tutorials, guides, and community support can help users
adapt to the system.
➢ Maintenance and Upgrades: Regular maintenance of the AMS is necessary to ensure
that sensors and software are functioning properly. Field staff or local technicians could
be trained to support system maintenance in rural areas.

9
Economic Feasibility

➢ Initial Costs: The initial costs include system development, IoT hardware (sensors,
controllers), and possibly cloud storage. These costs may vary based on the scale and
complexity of the system.
➢ Operational Costs: Regular expenses include maintenance, sensor replacement,
software updates, and internet costs. Training sessions and customer support also incur
ongoing expenses.
➢ Cost Savings and ROI: AMS can help farmers optimize resource usage (e.g., water,
fertilizer, pesticides), leading to cost savings. Improved decision-making could result
in higher crop yields, reduced waste, and better resource management, potentially
increasing profits over time.
➢ Funding and Subsidies: Governments, agricultural cooperatives, or NGOs may provide
funding or subsidies to offset the costs, especially for smallholder farmers.

Legal Feasibility

➢ Data Privacy and Security: The AMS will handle sensitive farm data (e.g., crop yield,
soil health). Data privacy laws, such as GDPR in the EU or similar regulations
elsewhere, must be adhered to, ensuring secure storage, processing, and access to data.
➢ Intellectual Property: Intellectual property (IP) laws apply if proprietary algorithms,
unique designs, or data-processing methods are involved in the AMS. Developers
should protect IP while ensuring that farmers have access to relevant functionalities.
➢ Environmental and Agricultural Compliance: The AMS must comply with local
agricultural and environmental regulations, such as guidelines for pesticide use, water
resource management, and sustainable farming practices.

10
 CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

4.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Processor Type - AMD Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics

RAM - 16RAM

Speed - 1.80GHz

Hard disk - 512 GB

Keyboard - 101/102 Standard Keys

Mouse - Optical Mouse

Monitor - LCD/LED Monitor

System Type - 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor

4.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

Operating System - Windows 11

Software - Visualstudio

Front end - HTML , CSS ,JAVASCRIPT

Coding Language - PHP

Database - MySQL

11
 CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

5.1 FRONT END

General application with HTML
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is a standard markup language
forweb page creation. It allows the creation and structure of sections, paragraphs, and links
using HTML elements (the building blocks of a web page) such as tags and attributes.

HTML has a lot of use cases, namely

➢ Web development: Developers use HTML code to design how a browser displays
webpage elements, such as text, hyperlinks, and media files.

➢ Internet navigation: Users can easily navigate and insert links between related pages
and websites as HTML is heavily used to embed hyperlinks.

➢ Web documentation: HTML makes it possible to organize and format documents

similarly to Microsoft Word.

➢ It’s also worth noting that HTML is not considered a programming language as it can’t
create dynamic functionality. It is now considered an official web standard. The World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) maintains and develops HTML specifications, along
with providing regular updates.

➢ This article will go over the basics of HTML, including how it works, its pros and cons,
and how it relates to CSS and JavaScript.

12
CSS:

CSS was developed by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) in 1996 for a rather simple
reason. HTML element was not designed to have tags that would help format the page. You
were only supposed to write the markup for the web page.

Tags like <font> were introduced in HTML version 3.2, and it caused quite a lot of
trouble for web developers. Due to the fact that web pages have different fonts, colored
backgrounds, and multiple styles, it was a long, painful, and expensive process to rewrite the
code. Thus, CSS was created by W3C to solve this problem.

CSS is not technically a necessity, but you probably wouldn’t want to look at a web
page that features only HTML elements as it would look completely bare-boned. We’ll go over
each style briefly, for an in- depth explanation of each method, there will be a link below the
overview.

Let’s start by talking about the Internal style. CSS styles done this way are loaded each
time an entire website is refreshed, which may increase loading time. Additionally, you won’t
be able to use the same CSS style on multiple pages as it’s contained within a single page.
However, this also comes with benefits. Having everything on one page makes it easier to share
the template for a preview.

The External method might be the most convenient one. Everything is done externally
on a .css file. This means you can do all the styling on a separate file and apply the CSS to any
page you want. The External style might also improve loading times.

Lastly, we will talk about the Inline style of CSS. Inline works with specific elements that have
the <style> tag. Each component has to be stylized, so it might not be the best or fastest way
to handle CSS. But it can come in handy. For example, if you want to change a single element,
quickly preview changes, or maybe you don’t have access to the CSS files.

13
ADVANTAGES OF CSS:
The difference between a web page that implements CSS and one that doesn’t is
massive and surely noticeable. You might have seen a website that fails to load completely and
has a white background color with most of the text being blue and black. This means that the
CSS part of the web page didn’t load correctly or it doesn’t exist altogether. That’s what web
pages with only HTML look like, and I think you’d agree that that’s not very
appealing. Before using CSS, all of the stylizing had to be included into the HTML markup.
This means web developers had to separately describe the background color, font size,
alignments, etc.

CSS lets you stylize everything on a different file, thus creating the design there and
later on integrating the CSS files on top of the HTML markup. This makes the actual HTML
markup much cleaner and easier to maintain.
In short, with CSS features you don’t need to repeatedly describe how individual elements look.

This saves time, shortens the code, and makes it not as prone to errors.

CSS lets you have multiple styles on one HTML page, therefore making the
customization possibilities almost endless. Nowadays, this is becoming more a necessity than
acommodity Let’s sum up what we have learned here about CSS and how it helps with the
aesthetic of web pages:

➢ CSS was created to work in conjunction with other markup languages like HTML. It is
used to stylize a page.
➢ There are three styles of implementing CSS, and you can use the External style to
accord multiple pages at once.
➢ You won’t go far without seeing some kind of CSS implementation nowadays since it’s
as much of a requirement as the markup language itself.

All in all, we hope you found this article helpful, and if you have any questions, pleaseleave
them in the comments section below.

14
JAVASCRIPT:

JavaScript is a light-weight programming language that net builders commonly used to

create greater dynamic interactions when developing net pages, packages, servers, and or may
be video games.

Builders typically use JavaScript alongside HTML and CSS The scripting language works
nicely

with CSS in formatting HTML elements. But JavaScript still continues consumer interaction,
something that CSS cannot do by itself.

➢ JavaScript’s implementations within the net, cellular utility, and recreation

improvement make the scripting language really worth learning. You could achieve this
via getting to know structures like Bit Degree or via exploring loose JavaScript
templates and applications on code web hosting systems like GitHub.
➢ The initial variations of the scripting language were for internal use handiest. After
Netscape submitted it to ECMA global as a general specification for web browsers,
JavaScript pioneered the release of ECMAScript.
➢ It became a standard-reason scripting language to make certain internet pages’
interoperability across exclusive browsers and devices.
➢ JavaScript has persevered to develop alongside new browsers like Mozilla Firefox and
Google Chrome because then. The latter even commenced growing the primary cutting-
edge JavaScript engine, known as V8, which compiles bytecode into local device code.
➢ These days, JavaScript has lots of frameworks and libraries to simplify complex
initiatives, which includes AngularJS, jQuery, and ReactJS.
➢ Initially run at the consumer-side, the JavaScript implementation has branched out to
the server- aspect after the NodeJS development ‒ a cross-platform server environment
constructed on the Google Chrome JavaScript V8 engine.

15
 ➢ While it caters to web-based totally programs the maximum, JavaScript programming
features produce other implementations in distinctive regions. The subsequent are several
basic uses of JavaScript.

Interactive conduct on web sites

➢ One in all JavaScript’s center features is including dynamicity to net pages. This consists
of showing animations, enhancing text visibility, and growing dropdown menus.
➢ While you may use handiest HTML and CSS code to build a website, it'll simplest have a
static display. With JavaScript, a person can have interaction with net pages and have a
better browsing experience.
➢ Moreover, JavaScript lets you trade HTML content material and attribute values without
reloading the internet web page first. This is due to the fact JavaScript supports the
subsequent facts types:
➢ String ‒ consists of textual information written internal quotes. For example, “good day
world”, ‘hi there international’, and “show ‘hello world’ text”.
➢ Range ‒ covers integer and floating-point numbers among (2^53 – 1) and -(2^53 – 1).

➢ Boolean ‒ a logical information kind with genuine and false values.

➢ Big Int ‒ represents integer records of arbitrary period.

➢ Null ‒ contains a null cost.

➢ Undefined ‒ includes declared but now not assigned variables.

➢ Image ‒ presents unique identifiers for gadgets.

➢ Object ‒ for complicated statistics structures written with curly braces. For example, itemed
book”, facts: “biography”.
➢ With JavaScript, you may also enhance users’ internet browsing enjoy using cookies.
Developing, analyzing, and deleting cookies in JavaScript calls for the file. Cookie
property, which functions as the getter and setter of the cookies’ values. Four. Sport
improvement JavaScript let you construct a recreation if used with HTML5 and a software
Programming Interface (API) like WebGL. Plenty of JavaScript-based game engines like
Phaser, Develop, and Kiwis are to be had for rendering portraits, code recycling, and move-
platform applications.

16
5.2 BACK END
XAMPP(PhpMyAdmin)

PhpMyAdmin can manage a whole MySQL server as well as a single database. To

accomplish the later you'll need a properly set up MySQL user who can read/write only the
desired database. It's up to you to look up the appropriate part in the MySQL manual.

➢ browse and drop databases, tables, views, columns and indexes

➢ create, copy, drop, rename and alter databases, tables, columns and indexes
➢ maintenance server, databases and tables, with proposals on server configuration
➢ execute, edit and bookmark any SQL-statement, even batch-queries
➢ load text files into tables
➢ create1 and read dumps of tables
➢ export1 data to various formats: CSV, XML, PDF, ISO/IEC 26300 – Open Document
Text and Spreadsheet, Word, and LATEX formats
➢ import data and MySQL structures from Open Document spreadsheets, as well as XML,
CSV, and SQL files
➢ administer multiple servers
➢ manage MySQL users and privileges
➢ check referential integrity in MyISAM tables
➢ using Query-by-example (QBE), create complex queries automatically connecting
required tables
➢ create PDF graphics of your Database layout
➢ search globally in a database or a subset of it
➢ transform stored data into any format using a set of predefined functions, like displaying
BLOB-data as image or download-link
➢ track changes on databases, tables and views
➢ support InnoDB tables and foreign keys
➢ support mysqli, the improved MySQL extension
➢ create, edit, call, export and drop stored procedures and functions
➢ create, edit, export and drop events and triggers.
➢ synchronize two databases residing on the same as well as remote servers .

17
php:

➢ You need PHP 5.2.0 or newer, with session support, the Standard PHP Library (SPL)
extension and JSON support.
➢ To support uploading of ZIP files, you need the PHP zip extension.
➢ For proper support of multibyte strings (eg, UTF-8, which is currently the default), you
should install the mb string and c type extensions.
➢ You need GD2 support in PHP to display inline thumbnails of JPEGs ("image/jpeg:
inline") with their original aspect ratio.
➢ When using the "cookie" authenticated method, the mcrypt extension is strongly
suggested for most users and is required for 64–bit machines. Not using mcrypt will
cause phpMyAdmin to load pages significantly.

Problem Analysis

It is related with the accessing the detailed information of a user and a candidate. So, I
have initiated this project with simple requirements regarding the user and candidate
information. Some of the problems for designing and developing this project are discussed
below:

Design and Development Problem

➢ Problem in running XAMPP.
➢ To debug the error during the development.
➢ To show a relationship between entity.
➢ Minor error with database table.

18
 CHAPTER 6

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

6.1 Over view of Project

Resource Optimization: Enable precise management of water, fertilizers, and pesticides to

reduce waste and increase cost savings.

Enhanced Decision-Making: Provide farmers with data-driven insights and recommendations

to support planning, pest management, irrigation scheduling, and crop selection.

Sustainability: Promote eco-friendly practices by minimizing the overuse of resources, which

benefits both the environment and long-term farm productivity.

Weather and Soil Monitoring: Offer real-time monitoring of weather conditions, soil health,
and other environmental factors to aid in timely and effective agricultural practices.

Key Components of the System

IoT-Based Monitoring: IoT sensors placed in fields to collect real-time data on soil moisture,
temperature, humidity, and crop health. This data is essential for managing irrigation and
identifying plant health issues early.

Data Collection and Analysis: The AMS continuously collects and processes data from
various sources, including sensors, historical crop data, and weather forecasts. This data is
analyzed to provide actionable insights.

Decision Support System (DSS): An integrated tool that uses algorithms to provide
recommendations for irrigation, pest control, and crop management based on real-time data
and historical trends.

Weather Forecasting and Alerts: The system incorporates weather forecasting to help farmers
prepare for adverse conditions and schedule tasks accordingly. Automated alerts notify farmers
of critical weather changes or soil conditions that require immediate action.

User Interface (Mobile and Web App): A user-friendly app that enables farmers to view data,
receive recommendations, and track crop performance. The app also allows manual data input
and provides easy access to historical records.

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Financial and Inventory Management: Optional modules for managing inventory (e.g.,
seeds, fertilizers) and tracking expenses, which help farmers manage their resources and
finances effectively.

Benefits of the AMS

➢ Improved Efficiency: By providing accurate data, the AMS helps farmers use
resources more efficiently, saving costs and increasing crop yield.
➢ Sustainable Farming: The system promotes sustainable farming practices by
optimizing the use of inputs, reducing environmental impact, and encouraging eco-
friendly practices.
➢ Higher Productivity: With accurate monitoring and timely recommendations, the
AMS supports higher crop productivity and quality.
➢ Adaptation to Climate Variability: Real-time weather alerts and adaptive planning
tools help farmers mitigate risks related to climate change and extreme weather events.

6.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram because it describes how—and in
what order—a group of objects works together. A sequence diagram specifically focuses on
lifelines, or the processes and objects that live simultaneously, and the messages exchanged
between them to perform a function before the lifeline ends.

Above diagram represents Sequence Diagram of the project which is a type of interaction
diagram because it describes how—and in what order—a group of objects works together. A
sequence diagram specifically focuses on lifelines, or the processes and objects that live
simultaneously, and the messages exchanged between them to perform a function before the
lifeline ends.

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Fig3.3 system architecture

Fig 6.3Activity Diagram

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6.3 ER DIAGRAM

Fig6.3 ER Diagram

22
6.3 TABLES

FARMER

FID F_NAME PASSWORD F_PH_NO ADDRESS F_USERNAME

BUYER

BID B_NAME PASSWORD PH_NO ADDRESS B_USERNAME

F_PRODUCT

FID PID PCAT P_INFO PRICE

MY_CART

BID PID

TRANSCATION

TID BID PID NAME CITY PIN_CODE ADRESS PH_NO

TABLES DESCRIPTION

The “BUYER” table provides all information about Buyer.

23
The “FARMER” table provides all information about Farmer.

The “F_PRODUCT” table provides all information about f_product.

The “MY_CART” Table provides all information about my_cart.

24
The “TRANSACTION” Table provides all information about transaction.

The “f_product” Table provides all the information about the farmer products

25
 CHAPTER 7

SYTEM TESTING
Testing
Testing is evaluation of the software against requirements gathered from users and system
specifications. Testing identifies important defects, flaws, or an error in the application code
that must be fixed. It also assesses the feature of a system. Testing assesses the quality of the
product.

7.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing refers to the testing certain functions and areas of the code. It gives the ability
to verify that all the

functions work as expected. Eventually, it helps to identify failures in the algorithms as well as
logic to help improve the quality of the code that composes a certain function.

7.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing is basically a logical extension of unit testing. In simple words, two tested
units are combined into a component and the interface between them is tested. It identifies
problems that occur when different units are combined. The different modules of this project
have undergone integration testing while being merged.

7.3 System Testing

System testing tests the behavior of whole system as defined by the scope of the development
project. It might include tests based on risks as well as requirement specifications, business
process, use cases or other high level descriptions of system behavior, interactions with the
operating systems and system resources. It is most often the final test performed to verify that
the system meets the specification and its objectives. System testing has been performed at the
completion of each feature and is still taking place to make improvements on the existing
system.

26
7.4 Testing Table

TEST TEST CASE TEST CASE INPUT EXPECTED ACTUAL RES ULT
CASE NAME DESCRIPT RESULT RESULT
ID ION

TC 01 Admin login Validate Enter valid Admin login Admin login PASS
Admin id and Admin id and should be successful
Password Password successful

TC 02 Admin login Validate Enter “Invalid “Invalid FAIL

Admin id and Invalid Admin username/pass username/pass
Password id and Password word” word” Error
Error message message is
should be display displayed

TC 03 Admin login Validate If any fields are “Fields are “Fields are FAIL
Admin id and left blank empty” Error empty” Error
Password message should message is
be display display

27
 CHAPTER 8

APPENDICES

8.1 SOURCE CODE

<?php session_start(); ?>ssss

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<title>AgroCulture</title>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

<meta name="description" content="" />

<meta name="keywords" content="" />

<link href="bootstrap\css\bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script src="bootstrap\js\bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<!--[if lte IE 8]><script src="css/ie/html5shiv.js"></script><![endif]-->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="login.css"/>

<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script src="js/skel.min.js"></script>

<script src="js/skel-layers.min.js"></script>

<script src="js/init.js"></script>

<noscript>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/skel.css" />

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" />

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style-xlarge.css" />

</noscript>

28
<link rel="stylesheet" href="indexfooter.css" />

<!--[if lte IE 8]><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/ie/v8.css" /><![endif]-->

</head>

<?php

require 'menu.php';

?>

<!-- Banner -->

<section id="banner" class="wrapper">

<div class="container">

<h2>AgroCulture</h2>

<p>our products our markets</p>

<br><br>

<center>

<div class="row uniform">

<div class="6u 12u$(xsmall)">

<button class="button fit" onclick="document.getElementById('id01').style.display='block'"

style="width:auto">LOGIN</button>

</div>

<div class="6u 12u$(xsmall)">

<button class="button fit" onclick="document.getElementById('id02').style.display='block'"

style="width:auto">REGISTER</button>

</div>

</div>

</center>

</section>

<!-- One -->

<section id="one" class="wrapper style1 align-center">

29
<div class="container">

<header>

<h2>AgroCulture</h2>

<p>Explore the new way of trading...</p>

</header>

<div class="row 200%">

<section class="4u 12u$(small)">

<i class="icon big rounded fa-clock-o"></i>

<p>Digital Market</p>

</section>

<section class="4u 12u$(small)">

<i class="icon big rounded fa-comments"></i>

<p>Agro-Blog</p>

</section>

<section class="4u$ 12u$(small)">

<i class="icon big rounded fa-user"></i>

<p>Register with us</p>

</section>

</div>

</div>

</section>ssss

<!-- Footer -->

<footer class="footer-distributed" style="background-color:black" id="aboutUs">

<center>

<h1 style="font: 35px calibri;">About Us</h1>

</center>

<div class="footer-left">

30
 <h3 style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', cursive;">AgroCulture &copy; </h3>

<!-- <div class="logo">

<a href="index.php"><img src="images/logo.png" width="200px"></a>

8.2 SAMPLE SCREENS

snapshots of project

Fig. Home Page

31
Fig: Registration Page

Fig: Login Page

32
Fig Profile Page

Fig: Product page

33
 Fig: Order page

Fig : Transcation Page

34
 Fig: Blog Page

Fig: Logout Page

35
 CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

9.1 CONCLUSION

AgroCulture System will make better connection among Farmers

and Buyers ensure quality food. Standardize and increase efficiency of Agroculture process.
We drive agroculture transactions through our digital platform. In combination with our server
partnership network . Agro market place accommodates online payments between buyers and
farmers , product quality check options and end to end logistic services. Agro marketplace
Accommodates direct transactions between buyers and farmers. all the intermediate supply
chain stages are covered by agro mp and our partnership network.

9.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

AI and Machine Learning Integration:

➢ Predictive Analytics: Using machine learning algorithms to predict crop yields,

optimize planting schedules, and detect potential pest or disease outbreaks.
➢ Smart Recommendations: Provide tailored advice on irrigation, fertilization, and pest
control based on historical and real-time data.
➢ Advanced Crop Disease Detection:
➢ Image Recognition: Leverage AI-powered image recognition tools to analyze images
from drones or farm cameras to detect early signs of diseases or pest infestations.
➢ Real-Time Alerts: Notify farmers about potential threats to crops and suggest timely
interventions.
➢ Precision Agroculture with Drones and Sensors:
➢ Drone Integration: Use drones to monitor crop health, apply fertilizers/pesticides
precisely, and gather real-time field data for analysis.
➢ Soil and Climate Monitoring: Equip farms with advanced sensors that continuously
measure soil moisture, pH, and nutrient levels, feeding data into the system for precise
resource management.
➢ Automated Irrigation Systems:
➢ Smart Irrigation: Connect soil moisture sensors and weather data to automate
irrigation, reducing water waste and ensuring crops receive optimal hydration.
➢ Water Efficiency Analytics: Track water usage and provide insights on the most
efficient irrigation practices for different crops.

36
 CHAPTER 10

REFERENCE
Jayaraman, V., et al. (2016). "Internet of Things Platform for Smart Farming:
Experiences and Lessons Learnt." Sensors Journal, 16(4), pp. 737–744.
This paper discusses how IoT platforms can aid in data collection for monitoring and managing
agricultural resources efficiently.

Wolfert, S., Ge, L., Verdouw, C., & Bogaardt, M.J. (2017). "Big Data in Smart Farming
– A Review." Agricultural Systems, 153, pp. 69–80.
A comprehensive review of big data applications in Agroculture, focusing on smart farming
systems and data-driven decision-making.

Sharma, A., Gupta, S.K., & Singh, R. (2020). "Precision Agroculture in India: Adoption
and Impact on Food Security." Journal of Agricultural Informatics, 11(3), pp. 25–34.
This article explores precision Agroculture's role in improving yields and food security, with
case studies on implementation in India.

Balafoutis, A.T., et al. (2017). "Precision Agroculture Technologies Positively

Contributing to GHG Emissions Mitigation, Farm Productivity and Economics."
Sustainability,9(8),pp.1339.
The study investigates how precision farming tools contribute to sustainability, focusing on
greenhouse gas reduction and economic gains.

WEB REFERENCE

• https://www.undp.org/
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9374808
• https://www.weforum.org/
• https://www.worldbank.org/

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