Dr.

Kakarla’s
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, HYDERABAD
Revision Worksheet
Constructors
Name:
Subject: Computer Applications
Class X Sec: __ , Roll No.____
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
For which purpose a constructor is used?
1. To initialise the instance variables
2. To provide the instance variables
3. To organise the instance variables
4. To simplify the instance variables.
Answer
To initialise the instance variables
Reason — A constructor is used to initialise data members with default or user-
defined values at the time of creation of an object.
Question 2
Which of the following statements is false?
1. A constructor has same name as class name.
2. A constructor returns initial value.
3. A constructor is called while creating an object.
4. A constructor is not used for arithmetical and logical operations.
Answer
A constructor returns initial value.
Reason — A constructor has no return type as its primary function is to set initial
values of data members at the time of creation of an object.
Question 3
A constructor is always:
1. private
2. protected
3. secure
4. public
Answer
public
Reason — A constructor is always public because it is always called from outside the
class while creating an object.
Question 4
Which constructor initialises data members with default values?
1. Parameterized constructor
2. Non-parameterized constructor
3. Copy constructor
4. Default constructor
Answer
Default constructor
Reason — Default constructor initialises data members with default values.
Page 1 of 24
Question 5
What is not true for a constructor?
1. It is used only to initialize the data members.
2. It returns a unique value.
3. It may not use parameter.
4. None of the above.
Answer
It returns a unique value.
Reason — A constructor has no return type as it doesn't return any value.
Fill in the blanks
Question 1
A member function having the same name as that of the class name is
called constructor.
Question 2
A constructor has no return type.
Question 3
A constructor is used when an object is created
Question 4
A constructor without any argument is known as non-parameterised constructor.
Question 5
Parameterised constructor creates objects by passing value to it.
Question 6
The this keyword refers to the current object.
Question 7
The argument of a copy constructor is always passed by reference.
Question 8
The constructor generated by the compiler is known as default constructor.

State True or False

Question 1
The compiler supplies a special constructor in a class that does not have any
constructor.
True
Question 2
A constructor is not defined with any return type.
True
Question 3
Every class must have all types of constructors.
False
Question 4
A constructor is a member method of a class.
True
Question 5
Constructor is used to initialize the data members of a class.
True
Page 2 of 24
Question 6
A constructor may have different name than the class name.
False
Question 7
A constructor is likely to be defined after the class declaration.
False
Question 8
Copy constructor copies functions from one object to another.
False

Case-Study based question

Question 1
While creating a class, a specific method called constructor is defined to initialise the
instance variables. Such method may or may not use parameters. In a case where
the constructor is not defined in the class, the system creates on its own to put the
default initial value to the instance variables. The initial values can also be
duplicated from one instance to another.
Based on the above discussion, answer the following questions:
(a) Which name resembles with the constructor name?
(b) What type of constructor is used with parameters?
(c) What type of constructor initialises the instance variables with default value?
(d) Which constructor is used to duplicate the initial values from one constructor to
other?
Answer
(a) Class name
(b) Parameterised constructor
(c) Default constructor
(d) Copy constructor
Answer the following
Question 1
What is meant by a constructor?
Answer
A constructor is a member method having the same name as that of a class and is
used to initialise the instance variables of the objects. It is invoked at the time of
creating any object of the class. For example:
Employee emp = new Employee();
Here, Employee( ) is invoking a default constructor.
Question 2
Name the different types of constructors used while defining a class.
Answer
The different types of constructors used while defining a class are as follows:
1. Parameterised constructor
2. Non-parameterised constructor

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Question 3
Why do we need a constructor as a class member?
Answer
A constructor is used to initialize the objects of the class with a legal initial value.
Question 4
Explain the following terms:
(a) Constructor with default argument
(b) Parameterised constructor
(c) Copy constructor
(d) Constructor overloading
Answer
(a) Constructor with default argument — Java specification doesn't support default
arguments in methods so Constructor with default argument cannot be written in
Java.
(b) Parameterised constructor — A parameterised constructor is a member method
with the same name as the class name which is used to initialize the instance
variables with the help of parametric values, passed at the time of creating an object.
(c) Copy constructor — A constructor used to initialize the instance variables of an
object by copying the initial values of the instance variables from another object is
known as Copy Constructor.
(d) Constructor overloading — The process of using a number of constructors with
the same name but different types of parameters is known as Constructor
overloading.
Question 5
Why is an object not passed to a constructor by value? Explain.
Answer
Constructors are special member methods of the class. Objects are non-primitive
data types so they are passed by reference and not by value to constructors. If
objects were passed by value to a constructor then to copy the objects from actual
arguments to formal arguments, Java would again invoke the constructor. This
would lead to an endless circular loop of constructor calls.

Page 4 of 24
Question 6
State the difference between constructor and method.
Answer
Constructor Method

It is a block of code that It is a group of statements that can be

initializes a newly created called at any point in the program using
object. its name to perform a specific task.

It has the same name as class It should have a different name than class
name. name.

It needs a valid return type if it returns a

It has no return type
value otherwise void

It is called implicitly at the It is called explicitly by the programmer by

time of object creation making a method call

If a constructor is not present,

In case of a method, no default method is
a default constructor is
provided.
provided by Java

It is not inherited by It may or may not be inherited depending

subclasses. upon its access specifier.
Question 7
Explain two features of a constructor.
Answer
Two features of a constructor are:
1. A constructor has the same name as that of the class.
2. A constructor has no return type, not even void.
Question 8
Distinguish between parameterised constructor and non-parameterised constructor.
Answer
Parameterised constructor Non-parameterised constructor

It initialises the instance variables

It initialises the instance variables of
with the help of parametric values
an object with definite values readily
passed at the time of creating an
available within it.
object.

It is defined with formal parameters It is defined with empty parameter

in its parameter list. list.

For example, For example,

Test(int x, int y) Test()
{ {
a = x; a = 10;
b = y; b = 5;
} }

Page 5 of 24
Question 9
Name two ways of creating objects in a constructor.
Answer
The object can be created in two ways:
1. Created by compiler
2. Created by programmer
Question 10
Differentiate between the following statements:
abc p = new abc();
abc p = new abc(5,7,9);
Answer
The first statement abc p = new abc(); is calling a non-parameterised constructor to
create and initialize an object p of class abc.
The second statement abc p = new abc(5,7,9); is calling a parameterised constructor
which accepts three arguments to create and initialize an object p of class abc.
Question 11
Fill in the blanks to design a class:
class ...............
{
int l, b;
Area(int ..............., int ...............) {
l = ...............;
b = ...............;
}
}
Answer
class Area
{
int l, b;
Area(int x, int y) {
l = x;
b = y;
}
}
Solutions to Unsolved Java Programs
Question 1
Write a program by using a class with the following specifications:
Class name — Hcflcm
Data members/instance variables:
1. int a
2. int b
Member Methods:
1. Hcflcm(int x, int y) — constructor to initialize a=x and b=y.
2. void calculate( ) — to find and print hcf and lcm of both the numbers.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Hcflcm

Page 6 of 24
{
private int a;
private int b;

public Hcflcm(int x, int y) {

a = x;
b = y;
}

public void calculate() {

int x = a, y = b;
while (y != 0) {
int t = y;
y = x % y;
x = t;
}

int hcf = x;
int lcm = (a * b) / hcf;

System.out.println("HCF = " + hcf);

System.out.println("LCM = " + lcm);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
int x = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
int y = in.nextInt();

Hcflcm obj = new Hcflcm(x,y);

obj.calculate();
}
}
Output

Page 7 of 24
Question 2
An electronics shop has announced a special discount on the purchase of Laptops as
given below:
Category Discount on Laptop

Up to ₹25,000 5.0%

₹25,001 - ₹50,000 7.5%

₹50,001 - ₹1,00,000 10.0%

More than ₹1,00,000 15.0%

Define a class Laptop described as follows:
Data members/instance variables:
1. name
2. price
3. dis
4. amt
Member Methods:
1. A parameterised constructor to initialize the data members
2. To accept the details (name of the customer and the price)
3. To compute the discount
4. To display the name, discount and amount to be paid after discount.
Write a main method to create an object of the class and call the member methods.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Laptop

{
private String name;
private int price;
private double dis;
private double amt;

public Laptop(String s, int p)

{
name = s;
price = p;
}

public void compute() {

if (price <= 25000)
dis = price * 0.05;
else if (price <= 50000)
dis = price * 0.075;
else if (price <= 100000)
dis = price * 0.1;
else

Page 8 of 24
 dis = price * 0.15;

amt = price - dis;

}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Discount: " + dis);
System.out.println("Amount to be paid: " + amt);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Customer Name: ");
String str = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter Price: ");
int p = in.nextInt();

Laptop obj = new Laptop(str,p);

obj.compute();
obj.display();
}
}

Question 3
Write a program by using a class with the following specifications:
Class name — Calculate
Instance variables:
1. int num
2. int f
3. int rev
Member Methods:
1. Calculate(int n) — to initialize num with n, f and rev with 0 (zero)
2. int prime() — to return 1, if number is prime
3. int reverse() — to return reverse of the number
4. void display() — to check and print whether the number is a prime palindrome
or not
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Calculate

{
private int num;
private int f;
private int rev;

public Calculate(int n) {

Page 9 of 24
 num = n;
f = 0;
rev = 0;
}

public int prime() {

f = 1;

if (num == 0 || num == 1)
f = 0;
else
for (int i = 2; i <= num / 2; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
f = 0;
break;
}
}

return f;
}

public int reverse() {

int t = num;

while (t != 0) {
int digit = t % 10;
rev = rev * 10 + digit;
t /= 10;
}

return rev;
}

public void display() {

if (f == 1 && rev == num)
System.out.println(num + " is prime palindrome");
else
System.out.println(num + " is not prime palindrome");
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter number: ");
int x = in.nextInt();

Page 10 of 24
 Calculate obj = new Calculate(x);
obj.prime();
obj.reverse();
obj.display();
}
}
Output

Question 4
Define a class Arrange described as below:
Data members/instance variables:
1. String str (a word)
2. String i
3. int p (to store the length of the word)
4. char ch;
Member Methods:
1. A parameterised constructor to initialize the data member
2. To accept the word
3. To arrange all the alphabets of word in ascending order of their ASCII values
without using the sorting technique
4. To display the arranged alphabets.
Write a main method to create an object of the class and call the above member
methods.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Arrange

{
private String str;
private String i;
private int p;
private char ch;

public Arrange(String s) {
str = s;
i = "";
p = s.length();
ch = 0;
}

public void rearrange() {

for (int a = 65; a <= 90; a++) {
for (int j = 0; j < p; j++) {
ch = str.charAt(j);
if (a == Character.toUpperCase(ch))
i += ch;
}
Page 11 of 24
 }
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Alphabets in ascending order:");
System.out.println(i);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
String word = in.nextLine();

Arrange obj = new Arrange(word);

obj.rearrange();
obj.display();
}
}
Output

Question 5
Write a program by using a class in Java with the following specifications:
Class name — Stringop
Data members:
1. String str
Member functions:
1. Stringop() — to initialize str with NULL
2. void accept() — to input a sentence
3. void encode() — to replace and print each character of the string with the
second next character in the ASCII table. For example, A with C, B with D and
so on
4. void print() — to print each word of the String in a separate line
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Stringop

{
private String str;

public Stringop() {
str = null;
}

public void accept() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter a sentence: ");
str = in.nextLine();
}
Page 12 of 24
 public void encode() {
char[] arr = new char[str.length()];
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
arr[i] = (char)(str.charAt(i) + 2);
}
str = new String(arr);
System.out.println("\nEncoded Sentence:");
System.out.println(str);
}

public void print() {

System.out.println("\nPrinting each word on a separate line:");
int s = 0;
while (s < str.length()) {
int e = str.indexOf(' ', s);
if (e == -1)
e = str.length();
System.out.println(str.substring(s, e));
s = e + 1;
}
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Stringop obj = new Stringop();
obj.accept();
obj.print();
obj.encode();
}
}
Output

Question 6
The population of a country in a particular year can be calculated by:
p*(1+r/100) at the end of year 2000, where p is the initial population and r is the
growth rate.
Write a program by using a class to find the population of the country at the end of
each year from 2001 to 2007. The Class has the following specifications:
Class name — Population
Data Members — float p,r
Member Methods:
1. Population(int a,int b) — Constructor to initialize p and r with a and b
respectively.
2. void print() — to calculate and print the population of each year from 2001 to
2007.
import java.util.Scanner;

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public class Population
{
private float p;
private float r;

public Population(float a, float b)

{
p = a;
r = b;
}

public void print() {

float q = p;
for (int y = 2001; y <= 2007; y++) {
q = q * (1 + r / 100);
System.out.println("Population in " + y + ": " + q);
}
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter population in the year 2000: ");
float x = in.nextFloat();
System.out.print("Enter growth rate: ");
float y = in.nextFloat();

Population obj = new Population(x,y);

obj.print();
}
}
Output

Question 7
Write a program in Java to find the roots of a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0 with
the following specifications:
Class name — Quad
Data Members — float a,b,c,d (a,b,c are the co-efficients & d is the discriminant), r1
and r2 are the roots of the equation.
Member Methods:
1. quad(int x,int y,int z) — to initialize a=x, b=y, c=z, d=0
2. void calculate() — Find d=b2-4ac
If d < 0 then print "Roots not possible" otherwise find and print:
r1 = (-b + √d) / 2a
r2 = (-b - √d) / 2a
import java.util.Scanner;

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public class Quad
{
private float a;
private float b;
private float c;
private float d;
private float r1;
private float r2;

public Quad(float x, float y, float z)

{
a = x;
b = y;
c = z;
d = 0;
}

public void calculate() {

d= (b * b) - (4 * a * c);
if (d < 0)
System.out.println("Roots not possible");
else {
r1 = (float)((-b + Math.sqrt(d)) / (2 * a));
r2 = (float)((-b - Math.sqrt(d)) / (2 * a));
System.out.println("r1=" + r1);
System.out.println("r2=" + r2);
}
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a: ");
float x = in.nextFloat();
System.out.print("Enter b: ");
float y = in.nextFloat();
System.out.print("Enter z: ");
float z = in.nextFloat();

Quad obj = new Quad(x,y,z);

obj.calculate();
}
}
Output

Page 15 of 24
Question 8
Define a class named FruitJuice with the following description:
Data Members Purpose

int product_code stores the product code number

String flavour stores the flavour of the juice (e.g., orange, apple, etc.)

stores the type of packaging (e.g., tera-pack, PET

String pack_type
bottle, etc.)

int pack_size stores package size (e.g., 200 mL, 400 mL, etc.)

int
stores the price of the product
product_price

Member
Purpose
Methods

constructor to initialize integer data members to 0 and string

FruitJuice()
data members to ""

to input and store the product code, flavour, pack type, pack
void input()
size and product price

void discount() to reduce the product price by 10

to display the product code, flavour, pack type, pack size and
void display()
product price
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FruitJuice

{
private int product_code;
private String flavour;
private String pack_type;
private int pack_size;
private int product_price;

public FruitJuice() {
product_code = 0;
flavour = "";
pack_type = "";
pack_size = 0;
product_price = 0;
}

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter Flavour: ");
flavour = in.nextLine();
Page 16 of 24
 System.out.print("Enter Pack Type: ");
pack_type = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter Product Code: ");
product_code = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Pack Size: ");
pack_size = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Product Price: ");
product_price = in.nextInt();
}

public void discount() {

product_price -= 10;
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Product Code: " + product_code);
System.out.println("Flavour: " + flavour);
System.out.println("Pack Type: " + pack_type);
System.out.println("Pack Size: " + pack_size);
System.out.println("Product Price: " + product_price);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

FruitJuice obj = new FruitJuice();
obj.input();
obj.discount();
obj.display();
}
}
Output

Question 9
The basic salary of employees is undergoing a revision. Define a class called
Grade_Revision with the following specifications:
Data Members Purpose

String name to store name of the employee

int bas to store basic salary

int expn to consider the length of service as an experience

double inc to store increment

double nbas to store new basic salary (basic + increment)

Page 17 of 24
 Member
Purpose
Methods

Grade_Revision() constructor to initialize all data members

void accept() to input name, basic and experience

to calculate increment based on experience as per the

void increment()
table given below

void display() to print all the details of an employee

Experience Increment

Up to 3 years ₹1,000 + 10% of basic

3 years or more and up to 5 years ₹3,000 + 12% of basic

5 years or more and up to 10 years ₹5,000 + 15% of basic

10 years or more ₹8,000 + 20% of basic

Write the main method to create an object of the class and call all the member
methods.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Grade_Revision

{
private String name;
private int bas;
private int expn;
private double inc;
private double nbas;

public Grade_Revision() {
name = "";
bas = 0;
expn = 0;
inc = 0.0;
nbas = 0.0;
}

public void accept() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter name: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter basic: ");
bas = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter experience: ");
expn = in.nextInt();
}

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 public void increment() {
if (expn <= 3)
inc = 1000 + (bas * 0.1);
else if (expn <= 5)
inc = 3000 + (bas * 0.12);
else if (expn <= 10)
inc = 5000 + (bas * 0.15);
else
inc = 8000 + (bas * 0.2);

nbas = bas + inc;

}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Basic: " + bas);
System.out.println("Experience: " + expn);
System.out.println("Increment: " + inc);
System.out.println("New Basic: " + nbas);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Grade_Revision obj = new Grade_Revision();
obj.accept();
obj.increment();
obj.display();
}
}
Output

Question 10
Define a class called Student to check whether a student is eligible for taking
admission in class XI with the following specifications:
Data Members Purpose

String name to store name

int mm to store marks secured in Maths

int scm to store marks secured in Science

double comp to store marks secured in Computer

Member
Purpose
Methods

parameterised constructor to initialize the data members by

Student( )
accepting the details of a student

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 Member
Purpose
Methods

to check the eligibility for course based on the table given

check( )
below

to print the eligibility by using check() function in nested

void display()
form

Marks Eligibility

90% or more in all the subjects Science with Computer

Average marks 90% or more Bio-Science

Average marks 80% or more and less than 90% Science with Hindi
Write the main method to create an object of the class and call all the member
methods.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Student

{
private String name;
private int mm;
private int scm;
private int comp;

public Student(String n, int m, int sc, int c) {

name = n;
mm = m;
scm = sc;
comp = c;
}

private String check() {

String course = "Not Eligible";
double avg = (mm + scm + comp) / 3.0;

if (mm >= 90 && scm >= 90 && comp >= 90)

course = "Science with Computer";
else if (avg >= 90)
course = "Bio-Science";
else if (avg >= 80)
course = "Science with Hindi";

return course;
}

public void display() {

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 String eligibility = check();
System.out.println("Eligibility: " + eligibility);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Name: ");
String n = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter Marks in Maths: ");
int maths = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Marks in Science: ");
int sci = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Marks in Computer: ");
int compSc = in.nextInt();

Student obj = new Student(n, maths, sci, compSc);

obj.display();
}
}
Output
Question 11
Define a class Bill that calculates the telephone bill of a consumer with the following
description:
Data Members Purpose

int bno bill number

String name name of consumer

int call no. of calls consumed in a month

double amt bill amount to be paid by the person

Member
Purpose
Methods

constructor to initialize data members with default initial

Bill()
value

parameterised constructor to accept billno, name and no.

Bill(...)
of calls consumed

to calculate the monthly telephone bill for a consumer as

Calculate()
per the table given below

Display() to display the details

Units consumed Rate

First 100 calls ₹0.60 / call

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 Units consumed Rate

Next 100 calls ₹0.80 / call

Next 100 calls ₹1.20 / call

Above 300 calls ₹1.50 / call

Fixed monthly rental applicable to all consumers: ₹125
Create an object in the main() method and invoke the above functions to perform the
desired task.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Bill

{
private int bno;
private String name;
private int call;
private double amt;

public Bill() {
bno = 0;
name = "";
call = 0;
amt = 0.0;
}

public Bill(int bno, String name, int call) {

this.bno = bno;
this.name = name;
this.call = call;
}

public void calculate() {

double charge;
if (call <= 100)
charge = call * 0.6;
else if (call <= 200)
charge = 60 + ((call - 100) * 0.8);
else if (call <= 300)
charge = 60 + 80 + ((call - 200) * 1.2);
else
charge = 60 + 80 + 120 + ((call - 300) * 1.5);

amt = charge + 125;

}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Bill No: " + bno);
Page 22 of 24
 System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Calls: " + call);
System.out.println("Amount Payable: " + amt);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Name: ");
String custName = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter Bill Number: ");
int billNum = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Calls: ");
int numCalls = in.nextInt();

Bill obj = new Bill(billNum, custName, numCalls);

obj.calculate();
obj.display();
}
}
Output
Question 12
Define a class called BookFair with the following description:
Data Members Purpose

String Bname stores the name of the book

double price stores the price of the book

Member
Purpose
Methods

BookFair( ) Constructor to initialize data members

void input( ) To input and store the name and price of the book

void calculate( To calculate the price after discount. Discount is calculated

) as per the table given below

void display( ) To display the name and price of the book after discount

Price Discount

Less than or equal to ₹1000 2% of price

More than ₹1000 and less than or equal to ₹3000 10% of price

More than ₹3000 15% of price

Write a main method to create an object of the class and call the above member
methods.
import java.util.Scanner;
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public class BookFair
{
private String bname;
private double price;

public BookFair() {
bname = "";
price = 0.0;
}

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter name of the book: ");
bname = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter price of the book: ");
price = in.nextDouble();
}

public void calculate() {

double disc;
if (price <= 1000)
disc = price * 0.02;
else if (price <= 3000)
disc = price * 0.1;
else
disc = price * 0.15;

price -= disc;
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Book Name: " + bname);
System.out.println("Price after discount: " + price);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

BookFair obj = new BookFair();
obj.input();
obj.calculate();
obj.display();
}
}

Page 24 of 24