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Chapter 11 Stored Procedures and Triggers

1. A database programming language allows a program to combine procedural statements with non-procedural
database access.
True False

2. Due to the growth of online database processing and commercial Web commerce, batch processing is no
longer an important method to process database work.
True False

3. Transitive closure, an important operation for queries involving self-referencing relationships, is supported by
most SQL implementations.
True False

4. Portability across host languages is one advantage of using the statement level interface language style.
True False

5. Because the optimization process can consume considerable computing resources, it is usually desirable to
determine the access plan at run-time using dynamic statement binding.
True False

6. In the SQL:2003 specification, a statement level interface can support both static and dynamic binding, while
a call level interface supports only dynamic binding.
True False

7. For procedures and triggers stored in a database, the database connection is explicit.
True False

8. Triggers provide reuse of common code, while stored procedures provide rule processing for common tasks.
True False
9. A Database Programming Language is a procedural language with an interface to one or more DBMSs. The
interface allows a program to combine procedural statements with nonprocedural database access.
True False

10. A Call-Level Interfaceis a language style for integrating a programming language with a nonprocedural
language such as SQL. A statement-level interface involves changes to the syntax of a host programming
language to accommodate embedded SQL statements.
True False

11. Dynamic binding involves the determination of the access plan at compile time.
True False

12. Procedures and functions are executed by the rule system of the DBMS not by explicit calls as for triggers.
True False

13. Since PL/SQL is a block structured language, all code blocks must have unique names in order to execute in
SQL*Plus.
True False

14. When writing a PL/SQL procedure, it is good practice to include length constraints in the data type
specifications for parameters.
True False

15. To catch a specific error in a stored procedure, you should use a predefined exception or create a
user-defined exception.
True False

16. An important benefit of PL/SQL functions is that they can be used as expressions in SELECT statements.
True False

17. An explicit cursor cannot use parameters for non-constant search values in the associated SELECT
statement.
True False
18. All objects in a package interface are public.
True False

19. To use the objects in a package, you must use the package name before the object name.
True False

20. Because the SQL:1999 trigger specification was defined in response to vendor implementation, most trigger
implementations adhere to the SQL:1999 specification.
True False

21. The body of a trigger is similar to other PL/SQL blocks, except that triggers have more restrictions on the
statements in a block.
True False

22. Like procedures, triggers can be tested directly by executing them in SQL*Plus.
True False

23. Since the number of triggers is a complicating factor in understanding the interaction among triggers, it is
always better to create a few large triggers instead of many smaller triggers.
True False

24. You can encounter mutating table errors in trigger execution, regardless of the DBMS they are executed on.
True False

25. For most triggers, you can avoid mutating table errors by using statement triggers with new and old values.
True False

26. What is the primary motivation for using a database programming language?
A. Customization.
B. Batch processing.
C. Complex operations.
D. All of the above.
27. The two language styles provided by SQL:2003 for integrating a procedural language with SQL are:
A. Statement level interface and function level interface.
B. Procedural level interface and trigger level interface.
C. Statement level interface and call level interface.
D. None of the above.

28. Which of the following is true of a statement level interface?

A. It is more difficult to learn and use than a CLI.
B. It is available only for proprietary languages.
C. It includes a set of procedures and a set of type definitions for manipulating the results of SQL statements in
computer programs.
D. It involves changes to the syntax of a host programming language to accommodate embedded SQL.

29. For statement level interfaces, SQL:2003 provides statements to:

A. Declare cursors.
B. Position cursors.
C. Retrieve values from cursors.
D. All of the above.

30. As with other programming languages, in PL/SQL the IF-THEN-ELSE statement construct is:
A. A comparison operator.
B. A conditional statement.
C. A logical operator.
D. None of the above.

31. With regards to conditional decision making in PL/SQL, which statement is true?
A. A condition must evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
B. Complex conditions are evaluated left to right, and this order cannot be altered.
C. Conditions are evaluated using three-value logic.
D. There is a limit to the number of statements that can be used between the THEN and END-IF keywords.

32. Which of the following is true of PL/SQL iteration statements?

A. The FOR LOOP iterates until a stopping condition is false.
B. The WHILE LOOP iterates over a range of integer values.
C. The LOOP statement iterates until an EXIT statement ceases termination.
D. All of the above.
33. A PL/SQL block contains:
A. A required declaration section, a required executable section, and an optional exception section.
B. An optional declaration section, a required executable section, and an optional exception section.
C. A required declaration section, a required executable section, and a required exception section.
D. An optional declaration section, a required executable section, and a required exception section.

34. Which of the following is the reason the DBMS, instead of the programming environment, manages stored
procedures?
A. A DBMS can compile the programming language code along with the SQL statements in a stored procedure.
B. Since they are stored on the server, stored procedures allow flexibility for client-server development.
C. Database administrators can manage stored procedures with the same tools for managing other parts of the
database.
D. All of the above.

35. A database connection identifies the database used by an application. A database connection can be
________ or ________.
A. implicit/explicit
B. internal/external
C. implicit/dynamic
D. virtual/dynamic

36. In PL/SQL, a function is used instead of a procedure when:

A. You want to manipulate output variables.
B. You want to produce a side effect.
C. You are returning a single value.
D. You want to return more than one result.

37. In PL/SQL, functions should:

A. Always use input parameters.
B. Contain a parameter list.
C. Generate an output value using a RETURN statement.
D. All of the above.
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_RetrieveStudentName
(aStdSSN IN Student.StdSSN%Type) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
aFirstName Student.StdFirstName%Type;
aLastName Student.StdLastName%Type;
BEGIN
SELECT StdFirstName, StdLastName
INTO aFirstName, aLastName
FROM Student
WHERE StdSSN = aStdSSN;
RETURN(aLastName || ', ' || aFirstName);
EXCEPTION
WHEN No_Data_Found THEN
RETURN(NULL);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Database error.');
END;
/

38. The PL/SQL code block above is an example of:

A. An anonymous block.
B. A PL/SQL package.
C. A PL/SQL function.
D. None of the above.

39. In the PL/SQL code block above, aStdSSN is:

A. A return variable.
B. An input parameter.
C. A column in the Student table.
D. None of the above.

40. Based on the PL/SQL code block above, if there is not a SSN in the Student table which matches the value
provided:
A. The code will return the name of the Student record that is the closest numeric match.
B. The code will raise an application error.
C. The code will stop executing without any explanation.
D. The code will return NULL.

41. The PL/SQL code block above:

A. Declares and opens an explicit cursor.
B. Declares and opens an implicit cursor.
C. Does not use a cursor.
D. None of the above.
42. The PL/SQL statement "FOR StudentRec IN SELECT StudentID FROM StudentTable" is an example of:
A. An implicit cursor.
B. An explicit cursor.
C. A dynamic cursor.
D. This statement does not define a cursor.

43. In the use of an explicit cursor, which 3 statements replace the FOR statement of an implicit cursor?
A. OPEN, FIND, and CLOSE.
B. OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE.
C. OPEN, GET, and CLOSE.
D. CONNECT, FIND, and CLOSE.

44. Which of the following is not a common cursor attribute?

A. %IsOpen.
B. %IsNotOpen.
C. %Found.
D. %NotFound.

45. One of the advantages of using a package over procedures and functions is:
A. A package supports a larger unit of modularity.
B. Packages provide easier reuse of code.
C. Packages reduce software maintenance costs.
D. All of the above.

46. For each object defined in a package interface, the package body must define:
A. A private object.
B. An implementation.
C. A cursor.
D. An exception handler.

47. Which of the following is not a typical use for triggers:

A. Complex integrity constraints.
B. Update propagation.
C. Exception reporting.
D. All of the above are typical uses for triggers.
48. To control complexity among a collection of triggers, which guideline(s) should be followed?
A. Use data manipulation statements primarily in BEFORE triggers.
B. For triggers that fire on UPDATE statements, do not list the columns to which the trigger applies.
C. Be cautious about creating triggers on tables affected by actions on referenced rows.
D. All of the above.

49. A trigger execution procedure can be affected by which of the following?

A. The DBMS the triggers are executed on.
B. The type of data manipulation statements specified in a trigger.
C. Foreign key constraints on referenced rows.
D. All of the above.

50. In the case of overlapping triggers, which of the following is true?

A. The firing order is predictable and can be depended on to be the same every time.
B. The firing order has not been specified for SQL:2003.
C. The firing order is the same for all DBMSs.
D. None of the above.

51. Mutating table errors:

A. Can occur when one table is cloned from another.
B. Can occur in trigger actions with SQL statements on the target table or related tables affected by DELETE
CASCADE actions.
C. Never occur in Oracle databases.
D. None of the above.

52. A _____________________ is a procedural language with an interface to one or more DBMSs.

________________________________________

53. To support customized code, most database application development tools use a coding style known as
_________________.
________________________________________

54. A(n) _____________ level interface is a language style that involves changes to the syntax of a host
programming language to accommodate embedded SQL statements.
________________________________________
55. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) and Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) are the most widely used
_____________ level interfaces.
________________________________________

56. The concept of ______________ for a database programming language involves the association of an SQL
statement with its access plan.
________________________________________

57. A(n) ______________ is a construct in a database programming language that allows for storage and
iteration of a set of records returned by a SELECT statement.
________________________________________

58. A ______________ can be implicit or explicit.

________________________________________

59. In PL/SQL, a(n) _____________ statement is comprised of a variable, the assignment symbol, and an
expression.
________________________________________

60. In a PL/SQL IF statement, the keywords AND, OR and NOT are ____________ operators.
________________________________________

61. An unnamed PL/SQL block of code, which is useful for testing procedures and triggers, is known as a(n)
_________ block.
________________________________________

62. The common SQL*Plus command used to list the columns of a table is ___________.
________________________________________

63. The common SQL*Plus command used to display compilation errors is ___________________.
________________________________________
64. In a stored procedure, a(n) _____________ parameter should have a value provided outside the procedure
but it can be changed inside the procedure.
________________________________________

65. Functions should be usable in expressions, i.e. a function call can be replaced by the __________ it returns.
________________________________________

66. In the body of a function, a(n) ______________ statement is used to generate the function's output value.
________________________________________

67. A package ________________ contains the definitions of procedures and functions along with other objects
that can be specified in the DECLARE section of a PL/SQL block.
________________________________________

68. A package ________________ contains the private details of a package.

________________________________________

69. Inside a package implementation, each procedure or function must be terminated by a(n) _____________
statement containing the procedure or function name.
________________________________________

70. An event-condition-action rule managed by a DBMS is another name for a ____________.

________________________________________

71. Integrity constraints that compare the values before and after an update to a table occurs are called
___________.
________________________________________

72. The _________________ of a trigger involves the keywords BEFORE, AFTER, or INSTEAD OF, along
with a triggering event using the keywords INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.
________________________________________
73. If you omit the keywords FOR EACH ROW from a trigger specification, the trigger by default becomes
a(n) _____________ trigger.
________________________________________

74. The ______________________________ specifies the order of execution among the various kinds of
triggers, integrity constraints, and database manipulation statements.
________________________________________

75. Two triggers with the same timing, granularity, and applicable table ______________ if an SQL statement
may cause both triggers to fire.
________________________________________

76. When a procedure calls itself, this is known as ______________________.

________________________________________
Chapter 11 Stored Procedures and Triggers Key

1. A database programming language allows a program to combine procedural statements with non-procedural
database access.
TRUE

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #1

2. Due to the growth of online database processing and commercial Web commerce, batch processing is no
longer an important method to process database work.
FALSE

Batch processing continues to be an important way to process database work.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #2

3. Transitive closure, an important operation for queries involving self-referencing relationships, is supported by
most SQL implementations.
FALSE

Transitive closure is not supported by most SQL implementations.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #3

4. Portability across host languages is one advantage of using the statement level interface language style.
FALSE

The statement level interface is not portable.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #4
5. Because the optimization process can consume considerable computing resources, it is usually desirable to
determine the access plan at run-time using dynamic statement binding.
FALSE

It is usually desirable to determine the access plan at compile time.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #5

6. In the SQL:2003 specification, a statement level interface can support both static and dynamic binding, while
a call level interface supports only dynamic binding.
TRUE

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #6

7. For procedures and triggers stored in a database, the database connection is explicit.
FALSE

The database connection is implicit.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #7

8. Triggers provide reuse of common code, while stored procedures provide rule processing for common tasks.
FALSE

Stored procedures provide reuse of common code, while triggers provide rule processing for common tasks.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #8

9. A Database Programming Language is a procedural language with an interface to one or more DBMSs. The
interface allows a program to combine procedural statements with nonprocedural database access.
TRUE

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #9
10. A Call-Level Interfaceis a language style for integrating a programming language with a nonprocedural
language such as SQL. A statement-level interface involves changes to the syntax of a host programming
language to accommodate embedded SQL statements.
FALSE

This is the definition of a Statement-Level Interface.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #10

11. Dynamic binding involves the determination of the access plan at compile time.
FALSE

Static binding involves the determination of the access plan at compile time.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #11

12. Procedures and functions are executed by the rule system of the DBMS not by explicit calls as for triggers.
TRUE

Triggers are executed by the rule system of the DBMS.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #12

13. Since PL/SQL is a block structured language, all code blocks must have unique names in order to execute in
SQL*Plus.
FALSE

Anonymous, or unnamed, blocks can be executed in SQL*Plus.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #13
14. When writing a PL/SQL procedure, it is good practice to include length constraints in the data type
specifications for parameters.
FALSE

You do not provide length in the specification of the data type for a parameter.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #14

15. To catch a specific error in a stored procedure, you should use a predefined exception or create a
user-defined exception.
TRUE

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #15

16. An important benefit of PL/SQL functions is that they can be used as expressions in SELECT statements.
TRUE

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #16

17. An explicit cursor cannot use parameters for non-constant search values in the associated SELECT
statement.
FALSE

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #17

18. All objects in a package interface are public.

TRUE

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #18

19. To use the objects in a package, you must use the package name before the object name.
TRUE

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #19
20. Because the SQL:1999 trigger specification was defined in response to vendor implementation, most trigger
implementations adhere to the SQL:1999 specification.
FALSE

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #20

21. The body of a trigger is similar to other PL/SQL blocks, except that triggers have more restrictions on the
statements in a block.
TRUE

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #21

22. Like procedures, triggers can be tested directly by executing them in SQL*Plus.
FALSE

To test, you must use SQL statements to cause triggers to fire.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #22

23. Since the number of triggers is a complicating factor in understanding the interaction among triggers, it is
always better to create a few large triggers instead of many smaller triggers.
FALSE

Per the author, there is no clear preference between few large triggers or many small triggers.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #23

24. You can encounter mutating table errors in trigger execution, regardless of the DBMS they are executed on.
FALSE

Mutating table errors are unique to Oracle.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #24
25. For most triggers, you can avoid mutating table errors by using statement triggers with new and old values.
FALSE

You can avoid mutating table errors by using row triggers with new and old values.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #25

26. What is the primary motivation for using a database programming language?
A. Customization.
B. Batch processing.
C. Complex operations.
D. All of the above.

All 3 are the primary motivations for using a database programming language.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #26

27. The two language styles provided by SQL:2003 for integrating a procedural language with SQL are:
A. Statement level interface and function level interface.
B. Procedural level interface and trigger level interface.
C. Statement level interface and call level interface.
D. None of the above.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #27

28. Which of the following is true of a statement level interface?

A. It is more difficult to learn and use than a CLI.
B. It is available only for proprietary languages.
C. It includes a set of procedures and a set of type definitions for manipulating the results of SQL statements in
computer programs.
D. It involves changes to the syntax of a host programming language to accommodate embedded SQL.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #28
29. For statement level interfaces, SQL:2003 provides statements to:
A. Declare cursors.
B. Position cursors.
C. Retrieve values from cursors.
D. All of the above.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #29

30. As with other programming languages, in PL/SQL the IF-THEN-ELSE statement construct is:
A. A comparison operator.
B. A conditional statement.
C. A logical operator.
D. None of the above.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #30

31. With regards to conditional decision making in PL/SQL, which statement is true?
A. A condition must evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
B. Complex conditions are evaluated left to right, and this order cannot be altered.
C. Conditions are evaluated using three-value logic.
D. There is a limit to the number of statements that can be used between the THEN and END-IF keywords.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #31

32. Which of the following is true of PL/SQL iteration statements?

A. The FOR LOOP iterates until a stopping condition is false.
B. The WHILE LOOP iterates over a range of integer values.
C. The LOOP statement iterates until an EXIT statement ceases termination.
D. All of the above.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #32
33. A PL/SQL block contains:
A. A required declaration section, a required executable section, and an optional exception section.
B. An optional declaration section, a required executable section, and an optional exception section.
C. A required declaration section, a required executable section, and a required exception section.
D. An optional declaration section, a required executable section, and a required exception section.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #33

34. Which of the following is the reason the DBMS, instead of the programming environment, manages stored
procedures?
A. A DBMS can compile the programming language code along with the SQL statements in a stored procedure.
B. Since they are stored on the server, stored procedures allow flexibility for client-server development.
C. Database administrators can manage stored procedures with the same tools for managing other parts of the
database.
D. All of the above.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #34

35. A database connection identifies the database used by an application. A database connection can be
________ or ________.
A. implicit/explicit
B. internal/external
C. implicit/dynamic
D. virtual/dynamic

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #35

36. In PL/SQL, a function is used instead of a procedure when:

A. You want to manipulate output variables.
B. You want to produce a side effect.
C. You are returning a single value.
D. You want to return more than one result.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #36
37. In PL/SQL, functions should:
A. Always use input parameters.
B. Contain a parameter list.
C. Generate an output value using a RETURN statement.
D. All of the above.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #37

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_RetrieveStudentName

(aStdSSN IN Student.StdSSN%Type) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
aFirstName Student.StdFirstName%Type;
aLastName Student.StdLastName%Type;
BEGIN
SELECT StdFirstName, StdLastName
INTO aFirstName, aLastName
FROM Student
WHERE StdSSN = aStdSSN;
RETURN(aLastName || ', ' || aFirstName);
EXCEPTION
WHEN No_Data_Found THEN
RETURN(NULL);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Database error.');
END;
/

Mannino - Chapter 11

38. The PL/SQL code block above is an example of:

A. An anonymous block.
B. A PL/SQL package.
C. A PL/SQL function.
D. None of the above.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #38
39. In the PL/SQL code block above, aStdSSN is:
A. A return variable.
B. An input parameter.
C. A column in the Student table.
D. None of the above.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #39

40. Based on the PL/SQL code block above, if there is not a SSN in the Student table which matches the value
provided:
A. The code will return the name of the Student record that is the closest numeric match.
B. The code will raise an application error.
C. The code will stop executing without any explanation.
D. The code will return NULL.

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #40

41. The PL/SQL code block above:

A. Declares and opens an explicit cursor.
B. Declares and opens an implicit cursor.
C. Does not use a cursor.
D. None of the above.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #41

42. The PL/SQL statement "FOR StudentRec IN SELECT StudentID FROM StudentTable" is an example of:
A. An implicit cursor.
B. An explicit cursor.
C. A dynamic cursor.
D. This statement does not define a cursor.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #42
43. In the use of an explicit cursor, which 3 statements replace the FOR statement of an implicit cursor?
A. OPEN, FIND, and CLOSE.
B. OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE.
C. OPEN, GET, and CLOSE.
D. CONNECT, FIND, and CLOSE.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #43

44. Which of the following is not a common cursor attribute?

A. %IsOpen.
B. %IsNotOpen.
C. %Found.
D. %NotFound.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #44

45. One of the advantages of using a package over procedures and functions is:
A. A package supports a larger unit of modularity.
B. Packages provide easier reuse of code.
C. Packages reduce software maintenance costs.
D. All of the above.

All 3 are advantages of using a package.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #45

46. For each object defined in a package interface, the package body must define:
A. A private object.
B. An implementation.
C. A cursor.
D. An exception handler.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #46
47. Which of the following is not a typical use for triggers:
A. Complex integrity constraints.
B. Update propagation.
C. Exception reporting.
D. All of the above are typical uses for triggers.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #47

48. To control complexity among a collection of triggers, which guideline(s) should be followed?
A. Use data manipulation statements primarily in BEFORE triggers.
B. For triggers that fire on UPDATE statements, do not list the columns to which the trigger applies.
C. Be cautious about creating triggers on tables affected by actions on referenced rows.
D. All of the above.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #48

49. A trigger execution procedure can be affected by which of the following?

A. The DBMS the triggers are executed on.
B. The type of data manipulation statements specified in a trigger.
C. Foreign key constraints on referenced rows.
D. All of the above.

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #49

50. In the case of overlapping triggers, which of the following is true?

A. The firing order is predictable and can be depended on to be the same every time.
B. The firing order has not been specified for SQL:2003.
C. The firing order is the same for all DBMSs.
D. None of the above.

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #50
51. Mutating table errors:
A. Can occur when one table is cloned from another.
B. Can occur in trigger actions with SQL statements on the target table or related tables affected by DELETE
CASCADE actions.
C. Never occur in Oracle databases.
D. None of the above.

Level: Medium
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52. A _____________________ is a procedural language with an interface to one or more DBMSs.

database programming language

Level: Easy
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53. To support customized code, most database application development tools use a coding style known as
_________________.
event driven coding

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #53

54. A(n) _____________ level interface is a language style that involves changes to the syntax of a host
programming language to accommodate embedded SQL statements.
statement

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #54

55. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) and Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) are the most widely used
_____________ level interfaces.
call

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #55
56. The concept of ______________ for a database programming language involves the association of an SQL
statement with its access plan.
binding

Level: Medium
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57. A(n) ______________ is a construct in a database programming language that allows for storage and
iteration of a set of records returned by a SELECT statement.
cursor

Level: Medium
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58. A ______________ can be implicit or explicit.

database connection

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #58

59. In PL/SQL, a(n) _____________ statement is comprised of a variable, the assignment symbol, and an
expression.
assignment

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #59

60. In a PL/SQL IF statement, the keywords AND, OR and NOT are ____________ operators.
logical or Boolean

Level: Medium
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61. An unnamed PL/SQL block of code, which is useful for testing procedures and triggers, is known as a(n)
_________ block.
anonymous

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #61
62. The common SQL*Plus command used to list the columns of a table is ___________.
DESCRIBE

Level: Medium
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63. The common SQL*Plus command used to display compilation errors is ___________________.
SHOW ERRORS

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #63

64. In a stored procedure, a(n) _____________ parameter should have a value provided outside the procedure
but it can be changed inside the procedure.
input-output

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #64

65. Functions should be usable in expressions, i.e. a function call can be replaced by the __________ it returns.
value

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #65

66. In the body of a function, a(n) ______________ statement is used to generate the function's output value.
RETURN

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #66

67. A package ________________ contains the definitions of procedures and functions along with other objects
that can be specified in the DECLARE section of a PL/SQL block.
interface

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #67
68. A package ________________ contains the private details of a package.
implementation or body

Level: Medium
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69. Inside a package implementation, each procedure or function must be terminated by a(n) _____________
statement containing the procedure or function name.
END

Level: Medium
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70. An event-condition-action rule managed by a DBMS is another name for a ____________.

trigger

Level: Medium
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71. Integrity constraints that compare the values before and after an update to a table occurs are called
___________.
transition constraints

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #71

72. The _________________ of a trigger involves the keywords BEFORE, AFTER, or INSTEAD OF, along
with a triggering event using the keywords INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.
timing specification

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #72

73. If you omit the keywords FOR EACH ROW from a trigger specification, the trigger by default becomes
a(n) _____________ trigger.
statement

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #73
74. The ______________________________ specifies the order of execution among the various kinds of
triggers, integrity constraints, and database manipulation statements.
trigger execution procedure

Level: Medium
Mannino - Chapter 11 #74

75. Two triggers with the same timing, granularity, and applicable table ______________ if an SQL statement
may cause both triggers to fire.
overlap

Level: Easy
Mannino - Chapter 11 #75

76. When a procedure calls itself, this is known as ______________________.

recursive execution

Level: Hard
Mannino - Chapter 11 #76
Chapter 11 Stored Procedures and Triggers Summary

Category # of Questions
Level: Easy 22
Level: Hard 13
Level: Medium 41
Mannino - Chapter 11 77
Other documents randomly have
different content
 “I be only parish constable, my lady, and if I exceeds my dooty I
be liable to lose my job.”
“I will assume all responsibility,” the lady of the manor assured
him. Thus fortified, Ball turned to John.
“I be bound to ax you to come along wi’ me.”
Sergeant Exton answered cheerfully:
“That’s all right, George. You can’t help yourself. Aggie, dear——”
She flung herself into his embrace, sobbing bitterly.
“You didn’t do it, Johnnie! You didn’t do it!”
“Bless your heart! I didn’t.”
“It’s begun to rain again,” said Cicely.
She took her mother’s arm. Lady Selina nodded, too tired to
speak. In silence, followed by the parson, mother and daughter
passed through the gaping villagers.
 CHAPTER XI
REVOLUTION

M other and daughter were left alone in the Vicarage drawing-

room, pending the arrival of Grimshaw, who was likely to come
in at any moment. The parson bustled off to collogue with an
ancient parlour-maid, who exacted tactful treatment. Long ago the
parson’s wife had passed to a much-needed rest, a fact, indeed,
stated positively upon her tombstone.
Lady Selina sank pathetically into a comfortable arm-chair. Cicely
regarded her anxiously, but admiringly. She bent down to kiss her
cheek, murmuring:
“Dear mother, you are brave.”
Lady Selina sighed, leaning her head upon her uninjured hand. It
was difficult to interpret the expression upon her fine face. Behind
the physical weariness, an odd look of bewilderment revealed itself.
When she spoke, something else—was it acrimony or amazement?—
challenged Cicely’s attention.
“How smug this room is!”
Cicely glanced round. Her mother had hit the right word. Smug,
indeed! But, familiar as she was from childhood with every stick of
furniture, Cicely had never till this moment realised the smugness.
And that, of course, jumped to the eye when it was mentioned.
Every room has its particular message. Cicely knew that nothing in
that prim apartment had been changed during five-and-twenty
years. Anæmic water-colour drawings adorned the walls, which were
demurely grey, a lasting tint. The curtains and the seats of sundry
chairs were excellent samples of Mrs. Goodrich’s tireless needlework.
They seemed to say, modestly: “See what patient industry can
achieve!” The steel fender and fire-irons were more vocal “Satan
finds some mischief still for idle hands to do.” The well-worn carpet
was immaculate; not a speck of dust could be detected upon the
china ornaments or upon the rosewood furniture. A betting man
would have laid heavy odds against finding cobwebs under the
upright piano, starkly upright, naked and not ashamed. Cicely could
remember the parson’s wife playing hymns and sonatinas upon it.
Surely it would explode with indignation if the syncopated rhythm of
rag-time were blasphemously imposed upon the ivory keys——! It
was terrible to reflect that such an instrument, sanctified, so to
speak, to Divine Service, might be debased—after a defiling public
sale—to a worst inn’s best room, to be banged by trippers.
These thoughts flashed into Cicely’s mind.
“It is smug,” she assented. “It knows, probably, that it’s just
right. Yes, self-righteousness is the note.”
She laughed a little, but Lady Selina remained unamused.
“Cicely, some of my people didn’t help at the fire.”
This was an arresting statement, impossible to assimilate at a
gulp. Cicely replied hastily:
“I saw many helping.”
“I saw some—laughing.”
“I laughed myself a moment ago. It’s just excitement. I felt
hysterical.”
Lady Selina appeared to be wandering down a maze of
introspection, picking her way in and out of blind alleys. She asked a
question.
“How long has this bitter feeling of the Farleighs against me been
smouldering?”
“I—I suppose ever since his little girls died.”
“You were aware of it?”
 “Ye—es.”
“Then, why didn’t you warn me?”
“I—I don’t know.”
After a pause Lady Selina continued heavily:
“I am forced to the conclusion that things—important things—
have been kept from me. Why? Why?”
Cicely blushed faintly, thinking of Grimshaw’s phrase: “the
conspiracy of silence.”
“Perhaps, Mother, those who loved you wanted to spare you.”
Lady Selina nodded.
“I understand. I have been regarded by those who loved me as a
fool content in her paradise.”
As she spoke Grimshaw was ushered in. He crossed to his
patient, saying courteously:
“Forgive an unavoidable delay, Lady Selina. I had to dress your
coachman’s hand.”
“My poor Hutchings——! Is he much hurt?”
“He thinks so. It’s nothing. He hasn’t your pluck.”
As he spoke, he took from his bag a roll of absorbent cotton wool
and a bottle of picric acid solution, which he placed upon a table
where such articles were eyed askance by a Parian-marble lady
under a glass dome. Deftly, he removed the sling.
“Tell me if I hurt you.”
“I shall do nothing of the sort.”
In the presence of a comparative stranger, Lady Selina had
reassumed her manner, so natural to her, so indisputably her shining
armour. The sudden change confounded Cicely. Which was the real
woman?
Grimshaw addressed Cicely professionally:
“More light, Miss Chandos.”
Cicely pulled back the curtains, which always slightly obscured
the light, because ample folds revealed the needlework.
 “That’s much better.”
He examined the burn, and then cut off a pad of the sterilised
cotton, which he wetted with the picric solution.
“How red the burn looks!” remarked Cicely. She could see that
her mother was not only grateful to the doctor, but pleased with the
man. Lady Selina murmured approval.
“Your touch is as light as a woman’s. What are you using?”
“Picric acid solution.”
She never winced as he dressed the burn. Her tones were as
light as his touch:
“Dear me! You were going to dine with us this evening! And I
had ordered such a nice little dinner.”
Behind Lady Selina a French window opened upon the lawn,
which faced the village green. Through this window floated noises
culminating in cheers.
“Please shut that window,” commanded Grimshaw.
“Please don’t,” said the Lady of the Manor. “The atmosphere of
this room is slightly oppressive. I suppose the dear souls are
cheering me.”
“Safety-pin, Miss Chandos.”
The parson entered, blandly beaming.
“Your chauffeur has come back from Wilverley, Lady Selina. The
fire engine is at the Hall, under Lord Wilverley’s direction. Lord
Wilverley has put the Court at your disposal, but I told him that you
had accepted my own more modest shelter.”
“Many thanks.”
Grimshaw interposed.
“I should like you to go to bed at once.”
“My dear doctor! After I have dined.”
“Before. You have sustained a shock.”
“I have.” She smiled ironically. “But I am myself again.”
 Goodrich went out. From the green came raucous laughter,
punctuated by groans and cat-calls. Lady Selina sat upright,
frowning.
“I don’t understand this noise.”
“Nor I,” said Cicely.
“It sounds like a sort of—a—demonstration.”
She glanced interrogatively at Grimshaw, who was apparently
intent upon his dressing. He said pleasantly:
“I think I can promise you that there won’t be any scar.”
“Not on my arm, you mean?”
“Not on your arm.”
Attempting to interpret the derisive inflection of her voice, he
asked lightly:
“I hope your house was well insured?”
“Oh, yes. Fully. This noise is very extraordinary.”
“I think I must insist upon shutting that window, Lady Selina. It
would be unwise to run risks of taking cold, you know.”
“I don’t take cold.”
Grimshaw went to the window and closed it. Lady Selina
submitted.
Stimson appeared, much perturbed.
“What is it, Stimson?”
“I’ve been on the green, my lady, and—and——” he broke off
gaspingly.
“Bless the man! What’s the matter with him?”
“Nothing, my lady. They left me alone, my lady. It’s Mr. Gridley.
He—he wanted to break up the crowd. He said . . .”
“Well, what did he say?”
The unhappy Stimson, dirty and dishevelled, grasping the rags of
his former dignity, replied austerely:
 “I beg your ladyship’s pardon; I must be excused from repeating
what Mr. Gridley said. Very rough tongue he has.”
Beside herself with impatience, Lady Selina rapped out:
“Am I never to get the plain truth from my own people? What
has happened?”
“As I left the green, my lady, they were chasing Mr. Gridley into
the pond. It isn’t a deep pond, my lady, but full of horseleeches.”
“I must go out at once.”
“No,” said Grimshaw as positively.
Cicely signed to Stimson to leave the room; he obeyed
deprecatingly.
“The Riot Act must be read by me, Mr. Grimshaw. When you
crossed the green just now did you notice bad temper on the part of
the crowd?”
“Well, yes.”
“Why didn’t you tell me?”
He replied quietly:
“Because you are my patient.”
“What has caused this?”
“John Exton’s arrest.”
“I must go at once.”
She stood up. Grimshaw said firmly:
“Forgive me—it isn’t safe.”
Lady Selina smiled incredulously. At the same time she was
sensible of Grimshaw’s sympathy, of his unmistakable solicitude,
expressed not so much by his voice, but by his eyes. She thought to
herself: “This young man is considerate; he has the old-fashioned
protective instincts about women.”
“Not safe, you mean, for your patient?”
Grimshaw never answered the question, because Goodrich came
in through the French window, closing it after him; but significant
sounds entered with him. Obviously some of the unruly were
trespassing upon the Vicarage lawn, stamping down the moss.
“This is a revolt,” said the Lady of the Manor.
Goodrich might have replied: “No, madame; it’s revolution,” but
he was beyond quotation. In a troubled voice he delivered a
message.
“Timothy Farleigh wants to see you.”
“Don’t see him, Mother,” entreated Cicely. “You’re not up to it.”
“Not up to it? What an idea! I will see any of my people, or all of
them, at any time.”
“He is on my lawn,” said Goodrich. “My privet fence is broken
down.”
“Can I see him here, Mr. Goodrich?”
“Certainly, if you insist.”
He went out, carrying a head out of which distressed and
congested eyes bulged prominently. When he came back, Timothy
accompanied him. Agatha and the softy followed. Nobody noticed
them. The parson shut the window. Timothy approached Lady
Selina, very erect in her chair.
“What do you want?” she asked quietly.
Timothy confronted her with a dignity quite as impressive, in its
way, as hers. The despairing fury had burnt itself out, partly,
possibly, because his Mary was mending, partly, also, because it had
served its purpose, whether designed or not—it had fired others.
“I want justice.”
Lady Selina replied scornfully:
“You shall have it, I promise you. So you, you have raised my
own people against me?”
“Aye.”
He spoke impersonally, as if he were aware that he had but
served as an instrument. And he continued in a low voice,
pathetically apathetic:
 “I ha’ waited fifteen year for this hour—fifteen year.”
Agatha stood beside him, still defiant. Nick, unnoticed, save by
Grimshaw, crept furtively to the fireplace, apparently astonished and
distressed to find no fire in it. Grimshaw leapt to the conclusion that
the softy had been brought to the Vicarage purposely. Presently he
would serve as an object-lesson, a notable part of Timothy’s
indictment.
“You can say what you have to say,” observed Lady Selina.
“Apparently you are here to speak for some of your neighbours?” He
nodded. “Very well—speak.”
Timothy prepared himself for a tremendous effort, how
tremendous none can understand who is not intimately acquainted
with the rustic mind, almost atrophied by disuse, when it attempts to
measure itself against authority. Grimshaw, watching him closely,
reflected that his attitude and expression were more eloquent than
any speech could be. Bent and bowed by interminable toil, his
gnarled hands trembling with agitation, he spoke very slowly:
“You might ha’ been burned this day along wi’ your gert
house. . . .”
“True.”
No rancour could be detected in her voice. Grimshaw wondered
what she was feeling. Her perfect manners might have misled a less
acute observer, but he divined somehow that she, also, was
intensely affected, blind for the moment because a cataract had
been torn from her eyes.
“Be you prepared to die, my lady?”
At this the parson raised a protesting finger. To break through his
privet fence was a grave misdemeanour; to trespass upon his
spiritual domain in his presence palsied a tongue apter at asking
rather than answering such direct questions. However, Lady Selina
replied courteously:
“Why do you put such a question?”
 “I puts it to ’ee. We brings nothing into this world, and we takes
nothing out. But the reckonin’ must be paid. What ha’ you done, my
lady, wi’ us? We’ve worked for ’ee . . . crool hard, at a low wage.”
He stretched out his rough hands, palms uppermost, revealing
the scars and callouses, but quite unconscious of them.
“You could have left my service, Timothy Farleigh, if you thought
the work too hard and the wage too low.”
“Aye. Fair warning I had fifteen years ago, when my lil’ maids
died. I might ha’ gone then, but someways I couldn’t leave the old
land, and so—God forgi’ me—I stayed. We pore souls, my lady,
bain’t free. . . . We be, seemin’ly, just beasts o’ burden, your beasts
—under your yoke.”
Lady Selina never flinched from his intent gaze. Grimshaw was
unable to decide whether indeed her clear blue eyes were fixing
upon the trembling speaker or upon herself. Could she see him as he
thus revealed himself? Could she see herself with anything
approximating to true definition? She said firmly enough:
“My yoke has not been heavy; you know that.”
His hands fell to his sides.
“I knows what you ha’ done; and I knows what you ha’ left
undone. We be housed lil’ better than the beasts o’ the field. We be
kept helpless a-purpose.”
Lady Selina glanced at Agatha’s tense face.
“No. Your niece here has risen above her station, and I helped
her. Whether such help was wisely given is another matter.”
“Aggie be a clever maid. I speaks for us as bain’t clever. I
speaks,” his voice rang out emphatically, “for every man in Upworthy
as has a wife and lil’ ’uns to lose, if so be as you remains blind and
deaf to the writin’ on your own smoulderin’ walls. Better, I says, far
better that you should ha’ perished this day wi’ your grand house
than live on wi’ your heel upon our bodies and our hearts.”
His words, coming from such a man, amazed Grimshaw. And yet
they confirmed an ever-increasing conviction that true inspiration is
kindled from without, that Man is indeed but the receiver and
transmitter of a purpose far transcending finite intelligence. No
trained orator could have chosen better words than these which had
fallen, like water from a rock, out of the mouth of a peasant.
Grimshaw watched their effect. They had brought softening dews to
the eyes of Agatha and Cicely; they had penetrated the parson’s
hide-bound understanding. He stood agape in his own drawing-
room, deflated, thinking, possibly, of Balaam’s ass. Lady Selina
seemed to be petrified. Nick alone remained indifferent, the usual
grin upon his face. He had taken from a pocket a match, and was
contemplating the neatly laid fire, obsessed—so Grimshaw decided—
with the desire to light it.
Lady Selina replied, after a pause. What she said came from
within, as sincere, in one sense, as the message from without.
Grimshaw realised that she was delivering a message, a tradition
rather, entrusted to her keeping. Her brother, her father, all her
distinguished ancestors would have spoken the same words in
exactly the same tone.
“I have listened to you patiently, Timothy Farleigh. Listen to me. I
am not blind to the writing on my smouldering walls. And one word
stands out flaming—Ingratitude! You come here asking for justice.
Justice shall be meted out to you. And now go!”
She pointed to the door. Timothy hesitated.
“You be a hard ’ooman. But Johnny Exton be innocent. Let ’un
out—let ’un out, I says.”
“My house has been burnt. If John Exton didn’t do it, who did?”
“I dunno.”
“Exactly.”
Grimshaw moved nearer to her.
“I think I know,” he said, almost in a whisper, because he was
humbly aware that inspiration had descended upon him. Lady Selina
repeated his words:
“You think you know, Mr. Grimshaw?”
 He beckoned to Nick, saying in his kindliest tone:
“Come you here, my lad.”
The softy shambled up to him. Grimshaw sat down upon a chair
near the fireplace, assuming an easy attitude, but his eyes caught
and held the eyes of the boy.
“I bain’t afeard of ’ee, I bain’t.”
“Of course not. I wish I was as brave as you, Nicky.”
The softy swelled with pride. The others stared at Grimshaw,
who dominated them as he did the stunted intelligence in front of
him. He continued lightly:
“Shall I tell you a secret?”
“Ah-h-h!”
“I am a bit afeard of somebody. Guess.”
An unexpected answer introduced a touch of comedy. Nick
grinned broadly:
“I knows—Miss Cicely.”
For an instant Grimshaw was disconcerted; Cicely blushed.
Fortunately nobody perceived this.
“No, no. I am afeard of George Ball, the constable.”
The shot went home. Nick squirmed.
“George Ball!”
“Aye. Sit on that stool, my lad. Listen to me.” Nick obeyed,
staring up at the keen face bent over his own. “Let’s have a little
chat. I like you, Nicky.”
“Do ’ee, now? I likes you; yas, I do.” He grinned again, adding
slily: “An’ so does Miss Cicely.”
This second allusion challenged Lady Selina’s attention. She
turned to glance at her daughter, but, happily, the tell-tale blushed
had faded.
“Do you ever smoke cigarettes, Nick?”
“Times, I do, when fellers gi’ me some.”
 “Have one with me.”
He held out his cigarette-case. Nick selected one; Grimshaw took
another, saying lightly:
“Have you a match?”
“Yas.”
A murmur from Agatha nearly broke the spell. Nick, however,
intent upon Grimshaw, opened his left hand, and revealed a match,
a wax vesta. Grimshaw took it, looked at it, and smiled
ingratiatingly:
“What a nice wax match!”
“Aye, same as quality use.”
Grimshaw struck the match on his heel.
“Light up!”
He leaned forward and downward. Nick lighted his cigarette,
puffing at it complacently. Grimshaw lighted his, and then blew out
the match. With his face still close to Nick’s, he asked suddenly:
“But where is the match-box?”
“I dunno. I lost ’un.”
“What bad luck! You found a silver match-box this afternoon and
lost it inside of—of an hour?”
“Yas, I did. How do ’ee know that?”
“I’m a doctor. I can see inside your head. Shall I give you a
shilling?”
“Yas.”
Grimshaw took a shilling from his pocket, flicked it into the air,
and caught it. Then, with a laugh, he held it out. Nick tried to take
it. Grimshaw deftly palmed it. Nick was confounded.
“It be gone. You be a wondersome man, you be.”
“Hallo! Here it is again—in your ear, by Jove!”
He exhibited the shilling to the excited boy, flicked it up again
and allowed it to drop on the carpet.
 “It’s yours, Nicky.”
Nick picked up the shilling, going down on his knees. As he rose
to his feet Grimshaw stood up, taking him gently by the shoulder:
“I say, tell me something. Why did you set my lady’s house
afire?”
Once more, inarticulate murmurs from those present might have
broken the spell, but Nick was too absorbed in his possession of the
shilling. He answered seriously:
“I dunno.”
Grimshaw was not satisfied. He tried another tack, saying lightly:
“You know, Nick, I often want to burn houses myself.”
“Do ’ee?”
“Why did you do it, my lad?”
“To please father.”
“To please father, eh? Did he ask you to do it?”
“No-o-o.”
“Johnny Exton may say that he burnt the big house.”
Nick replied jealously:
“Not he. Johnny bain’t brave enough for that. ’Twas me done it. I
be allers ready for a lark.”
Grimshaw turned to Lady Selina.
“Are you satisfied?”
“Yes. I—I am infinitely obliged to you.”
Agatha exclaimed fervently:
“God bless you, sir!”
Lady Selina had spoken stiffly, still erect in her chair. And she
gazed mournfully at Nick, not at Grimshaw.
“Nick.”
“Yes, my lady?”
“Do you hate me?”
 All softies are extremely sensitive to the tones of the voice. Nick
must have felt the hostility which Lady Selina had purposely veiled.
He replied sullenly:
“I be saft along o’ you. You bain’t so good as the Lard.”
“The Lord?”
“Him as lives Wilverley way. Upworthy pegs we be called by
Wilverley folk.”
His fatuous grin was unendurable. Lady Selina winced. Grimshaw
interposed hastily:
“That will do, Nick.”
Agatha added as quickly:
“You come home along with father and me.”
“Yes,” murmured Lady Selina. “Take him away. John Exton shall
be released from custody at once.” She added bitterly to Timothy:
“You see what your words have done.”
He replied starkly:
“Upworthy be a whited sepulchre, naught but a whited
sepulchre.”

II
The tension was relaxed slightly after the Farleighs had left the
room. At once Lady Selina instructed Goodrich, as magistrate, to
take the necessary steps to deliver John Exton out of durance vile.
As she was speaking, cheers were heard outside. Goodrich, peering
out, announced that the villagers were leaving the lawn. He
mentioned that dinner would be ready in a quarter of an hour,
adding:
“May I prescribe a glass of champagne for your patient,
Grimshaw?”
 Lady Selina said wearily:
“You are very kind. I shall go to bed.”
“Please,” murmured Grimshaw.
The parson went out. Lady Selina lay back in her chair, closing
her eyes. Cicely glanced anxiously at Grimshaw. Had the inevitable
reaction set in? Grimshaw approached his patient, and laid his hand
upon her wrist. She opened her eyes.
“I’m rather tired. That’s all.”
“No wonder.” He held her wrist for half a minute, saying
reassuringly: “Your pulse is excellent. Some light food in bed and a
night’s rest will quite restore you.”
She nodded. He was about to take leave of her when she said
abruptly: “What did that poor boy mean by saying that he was born
soft along of me?”
Grimshaw answered with slight constraint:
“As to that, I have the facts at second-hand. Some six months
before he was born his mother had diphtheria. She was distracted
about that time by the death of her two little girls from the same
disease.”
“I see. Would that account for this boy being born wanting?”
“It might.”
Lady Selina refused to accept this as final. The constraint in
Grimshaw’s voice had not escaped her.
“But in your opinion, with such facts as you have, it did, didn’t
it?”
“Well, yes.”
“Good-night, Mr. Grimshaw; and very many thanks.”
He bowed and went out.

III
 As he crossed the green he noticed that the villagers had left it.
Cheering, at a distance, lent colour to the hypothesis that John
Exton’s release would lead to more ale-drinking. After that Upworthy
would forgive and forget. On the morrow, popular feeling would be
as flat as the dregs of ale left in the big tankards.
Lady Selina would not forget.
His feeling for her was now one of intensest pity, and, as he
walked, he beheld himself as the fateful instrument by which fresh
laceration must be inflicted. She had thanked him civilly for his
services, but she had not held out her uninjured hand, simply
because his final expression of opinion ranked him amongst her
critics. Very few women of the better sort, conscious, as they are, of
self-sacrifice to what they conceive to be duty, can endure criticism.
He knew, also, that he had disappointed Cicely, too young and too
loving a daughter not to resent plain-speaking if it hurt an already
stricken creature. Many a gallant gentleman, he reflected, would
have lied convincingly at such a moment.
Dinner was awaiting him at Mrs. Rockram’s, but he had no
appetite. To distract attention from himself, he decided to walk up to
the Hall and see what was left of it. Mounting the gentle slopes of
the park, fatigue assailed him afresh; every bone in his body seemed
to be aching. But the storm had passed away, leaving clear skies and
a delicious freshness of atmosphere. He stopped to inhale the
odours of grateful earth.
In the mid-distance he could see the walls of the house, still
standing. Smoke ascended from them and steam, for the Wilverley
fire engine was at work. He could hear the sharp rap of the pistons.
The roof had vanished; out of the blackened walls, like sightless
eyes, glared what had been windows, the windows that reflected so
gloriously the setting sun.
An ancient home had been destroyed.
It would be rebuilt, of course, with all modern improvements,
electric light, bathrooms, and labour-saving devices—a change for
the better, so Mrs. Grundy would affirm. Lady Selina would not think
so. Could she, could anybody of her age adjust themselves to new
conditions?
When he reached the lawn he was greeted by two energetic
persons, Arthur Wilverley and Tiddy. In a few words Wilverley stated
that his labours were ended. The stables and some outbuildings had
been saved. He added:
“Lady Selina ought to have had a small engine here.”
He looked exuberantly strong and fit, with no air of the dejected
and rejected lover about him. Here was one who could adapt himself
to new conditions. Presently he led Grimshaw aside and listened
attentively to a terse recital of what had happened in Upworthy,
laughing heartily when he heard of Gridley and the horsepond,
expressing sympathy tempered by humour for Lady Selina.
“If this wakes her up, Grimshaw, all will be well.”
Grimshaw made no reply. Wilverley continued in a different tone:
“Ought I to see her to-night before I go home?”
“As her doctor I’m afraid I must veto that.”
“Thank you; I understand. I shall write. Miss Tiddle wants to see
Miss Chandos. I can wait in the car.” Then, sensible of constraint in
Grimshaw’s manner, and misinterpreting it, he added frankly: “You
are a good chap; you can size up a delicate situation. I will say this
to you. This fire has burnt away some humiliation. I believe that
good must crop out. If I can help, I will. Miss Tiddle feels as I do—a
remarkable girl that!”
“Yes.”
“You look rather fagged.”
“I have a touch of malaria on me.”
They sauntered back to the engine. Wilverley described with
enthusiasm Miss Tiddle’s executive abilities. Under her capable
direction all the more valuable pictures, porcelain and plate had
been stored in the coach-house. Other outbuildings held furniture
and household stores.
“That young lady can get a move on,” declared Wilverley.
 Grimshaw wondered whether he was contrasting Miss Tiddle with
Cicely, not to the advantage of the latter. Quite sincerely he hoped
that it might be so. In time—Wilverley would take time—Miss Tiddle
might play Jill to his Jack. They would mount the hill of life together,
and not trouble down it. The pail of water carried by such a pair
would be used to irrigate the waste patches of others. He refused a
lift back to the village in the big car, and watched it whirl off,
Wilverley at the wheel and Miss Tiddle beside him.

IV
By this time Lady Selina was a-bed and Cicely was dining tête-à-
tête with the parson. You may be sure that the good man played the
host in the old-fashioned way. Port mellowed him, banishing
disagreeable reflections. Cicely, unable to peer beneath a polished
surface, tried to reflect herself in that surface and stared ruefully at
a very blurred image. The parson’s slightly patronising tone when
speaking of Grimshaw irritated her intensely, the more so because
he laid an insistent finger upon what had irritated her.
“Your dear mother is no more responsible than I am. Why didn’t
he say so? Heaven knows she needed a word of comfort. As her
medical attendant, it was the man’s positive duty to cheer her up.”
Cicely said bravely:
“Mr. Goodrich, forgive me, but aren’t we all partly responsible?”
He blinked at her and sipped his wine.
“In a way, m’yes. Collectively the responsibility must be divided
up. I deprecate violence.”
“So does Mr. Grimshaw.”
“Of course, he’s an outsider, and something of an iconoclast. A
square peg, I grant you, in a round hole.”
“You admit that Upworthy is a hole?”
 He blinked again, but the juice of the grape fortified him.
“It lies low; hence these grievous visitations. I remain loyal to
Upworthy and your dear mother.”
The parlour-maid told her that Miss Tiddle was in the drawing-
room.
“I’ll see her at once.”
Cicely rushed into Tiddy’s warm embrace.
“I want you more than anybody else,” she declared fervently.
“I’ve five minutes.”
Two of these precious minutes were devoted to details, but Cicely
apparently took for granted what had been accomplished at the Hall.
And, to Tiddy’s astonishment, she seemed equally indifferent to the
exciting events on the green. She held Tiddy’s hand, squeezing it.
“When can I see you, Tiddy? I must see you. I must have a long
talk.”
“Long talks are nearly always too long. You’ve something on your
chest. Now pull up your socks and pin up your skirts and out with it.
Wait! I’ll bet daddy’s pile that you and the Man with the
Disconcerting Eyes have been passing more than the time o’ day.”
“You’re wonderful,” Cicely admitted.
“I’m alive,” remarked Miss Tiddle, complacently. “And my shot
wasn’t a fluke; I played for it. What does dear mother say?”
“That’s it. She doesn’t know.”
“Nor do I yet. But I take it that you have really bounced out of
the frying-pan into the fire?”
“Yes; I have.”
“I’m delighted to hear it. There is stuff in you, but only a can-
opener, like me, is able to get it out. So the signal is S. O. S., eh?”
“Yes. Why can’t you sleep with me to-night?”
“Because I’m on duty, apart from other reasons. What are you
going to do? Hide your head in the sand?”
“I don’t know what to do.”
 Tiddy’s eyes sparkled.
“He does, though.”
Cicely answered evasively:
“A man’s methods are always so brutal.”
“That’s why really we love them. If I keep Lord Wilverley waiting
he’ll be brutal; but for your sake I’ll risk that. Shall I tell you what to
do?”
“Please!”
“Scrap the buskins! You can’t act for nuts. Nor can he. Both of
you will give the show away if you try dissembling—always a rotten
game.”
“Have you seen Mr. Grimshaw?”
“I left him up at the Hall.”
Cicely’s eyes softened.
“And he hasn’t had dinner.”
“He didn’t look as if he wanted dinner. But I’m sure he wants you
—desperately. He appeared to me worn and torn to tatters. Make no
error; you can’t rig him up in your moss.”
“There’s not much moss left.”
“Lots of it, believe me. I haven’t time to argue with you, Cis. I
can make a guess at what’s in your mind, because, as I say, you’re
easy to read, a big asset, if you knew it, and probably the thing that
appeals tremendously to Mr. Grimshaw. If he begins to think you’re
not straight he’ll fly the track.”
“Not straight!”
Tiddy answered impatiently:
“You want to have it both ways. You are most awfully sorry for
your mother; you would like to be sweet to her, to play the devoted
daughter; but what will all that sort of thing be worth when she
finds you out? And she will. You want to be just as sweet, perhaps
sweeter, to Mr. Grimshaw, and all the time he’ll see you playing a
part with your mother, and, worse, forcing him to do the same.
Really, you’re risking his love and your mother’s respect.”
Cicely frowned. Moss-scraping hurts.
“I suppose you’d rush in to mother, and, on top of this awful
calamity, hit her hard on the head when she’s lying down.”
“If you speak of the fire, I don’t regard it as an awful calamity;
nor do you. As to speaking to-night, that is absurd. To-morrow, or
the day after, will be time enough. I am much sorrier for her than I
am for you. I can measure her disappointment, but I can’t measure
your folly if you play the wrong game. And now—I must hop it.”
“When are you going to France, Tiddy?”
“Why should I go to France?”
This was rank evasion, and Tiddy, challenged to practise what
she had preached, knew it. A little red flowed into her cheeks.
“Because you told me that was your intention.”
“Well, we all change our minds, don’t we? I’m doing my bit here,
and like the job. So that’s that.”
Her curls were a-flutter as she went out.
Cicely stood still listening, till she heard the purr of the big car.
The thought came to her, as it had come to Grimshaw, that Tiddy
was not going to France because she had more than liking for her
present job. Jealous pangs assailed her. If Tiddy wanted Arthur she
would get him.
And why not?
Presently she went upstairs to sit beside her mother. To her
astonishment Lady Selina, fortified by soup and a cutlet, declared
herself ready to discuss present and future.
“We can’t impose ourselves upon Mr. Goodrich, my dear, and
Danecourt, under the circumstances, would be too depressing.
Heaven alone knows when we shall get into our own house again. A
fairly comfortable flat in London seems the one thing possible.”
“Oh! London!”
 “I said London—not Timbuctoo. Do you object to London?”
“N-no.”
Lady Selina eyed her daughter sharply. As a matter of fact, she
had thought of London entirely on Cicely’s account. Her own friends
were living quietly in the country, more or less engrossed by patriotic
work. London, she felt, would distract the child. And she hated flats.
“Would you prefer Bournemouth?”
A derisive inflection underlay the question. Lady Selina detested
popular watering-places and big hotels, where food you didn’t want
was placed before you at stated hours, and even earls’ daughters
were known by chambermaids as numbers!
“Bournemouth! No.”
“Perhaps you will tell me what you would like before I try to go
to sleep.”
Hunted into a corner, Cicely said hastily:
“There is Happy Mead, isn’t there?”
Happy Mead, with its preposterous name, had long been a
source of unhappiness to Lady Selina, because, in accordance with
her principles, she had declined to spend much money upon a
dilapidated house, tenantless for more years than she dared to
reckon. Too big for people of small means, and not likely to appeal
to the well-to-do accustomed to modern comforts, it was situated
about a mile from Upworthy in a pretty but neglected garden.
“That ruin! What a suggestion!” She continued irritably: “I don’t
pretend to understand you, Cicely. I should have thought that a girl
not absolutely devoid of pride would have seen the propriety of
leaving her own county for a season if she was offered the chance.”
Chandos silence countered this observation, and, looking at
Cicely’s firm little chin, Lady Selina told herself that the child had
really very little of the Danecourt pride. Having taken her own line
over a stiff country, she would stick to it. The mother went on after a
pause:
“I dislike London in war-time, but we must go there.”
 Having delivered this ultimatum, Lady Selina indicated by her
manner that she intended to compose herself to sleep, adding:
“I expect to lie awake half the night.”
However, Grimshaw, it appeared, had provided against this
unpleasant probability. A mild sleeping-draught was sent from
Pawley’s dispensary. Cicely, when she administered the Lethean
liquid, regretted that so thoughtful a man had not sent enough for
two.
 CHAPTER XII
RECONSTRUCTION

G rimshaw remained at the Manor for about half an hour after

Wilverley had left. To his astonishment he discovered that the
fire, from the point of view of Lady Selina’s servants, was regarded
as a blessing in disguise. An enormous quantity of rubbish had been
destroyed, the accumulation of generations. It appeared, also, that
dry-rot in the ancient timbers had caused much anxiety and
expense. And an immense roof had leaked persistently.
None the less, Grimshaw gazed at the still smoking ruins with
sorrowful eyes. A clever architect would be able to preserve these.
The significance of this penetrated into Grimshaw’s mind. Certain
elementary things seemed destined to endure in a world of chance
and decay. Insensibly, he began to compare persons with things.
The insoluble problem of heredity and environment presented itself.
It was difficult to envisage Lady Selina Chandos in a new house.
Would modern improvements affect her? He remembered that Cicely
had denied the possibility of earthquakes in English villages. And
within a few hours an earthquake had taken place, something
cataclysmic, to which, willy-nilly, the lady of the manor must adapt
herself.
He returned to his lodgings to swallow food without appetite.
Then he went to the dispensary to prepare Lady Selina’s sleeping-
draught. In the dispensary word came to him that Dr. Pawley wished
to see him, not—so it turned out—professionally. Indeed, the
exciting events seemed to have had a tonic effect. Pawley, very
alert, had become a lively note of interrogation, asking eager
questions, interpolating shrewd remarks, alive to the humours of the
situation but full of sympathy for Lady Selina.
“Has it been an eye-opener?” he asked.
“I hope so.”
“I suppose I know the dear woman better than anybody else,
better, perhaps, than she knows herself. She has all the virtues of
her class—fortitude, courtesy, sincerity and pluck.”
“You can say as much of some of her dependents. Isaac Burble,
for instance, and old Stimson.”
“True. Extremes meet. I like to think of that. The trouble
becomes acute when extremes don’t meet. In a sense I have always
regarded her as short-circuited.”
Grimshaw nodded. Pawley’s never-failing interest in others
invited confidence. And his advice would be sincere and helpful. The
impulse to tell his secret became irresistible. He began tentatively:
“The breaking of the Wilverley-Chandos engagement rather upset
you, didn’t it?”
“For the moment. I was so sorry for the mother. And it meant so
much to the village. We old bachelors are confirmed matchmakers.
Yes, yes; it upset me, but I can admit frankly that I left little Cicely
out of my reckoning. She didn’t want a good fellow, and she cut
loose from him. The why and wherefore are beyond me, but the
essential fact suffices.”
“Perhaps she cared for somebody else?”
Pawley shook his head.
“No, no; in that case I venture to think that I should have had an
inkling, eh? Since she came out, the child has met nobody—nobody.”
Grimshaw laughed.
“Exactly. Now be prepared for a shock. I’m nobody. In Lady
Selina’s eyes that describes me to a dot.”
 Pawley was not dense, but, for an instant, he was befogged, and
Grimshaw realised this, and with it the inevitable conclusion that
even his friend and colleague regarded him, like Lady Selina, as
negligible. He smiled derisively: and the smile was illuminating.
Pawley understood.
“Good Lord! I’ve been blind.”
“There wasn’t much to see. I was blind myself till yesterday. And
then, suddenly, I saw. I’ll add this to you. I fell in love with her five
minutes after I met her. When I scraped that midge out of her eye
the big thing happened. I fought against it. Yesterday I succumbed.
She—she cares for me, bless her!”
“You mean it’s settled?”
“Settled! I wonder if anything more unsettling to all concerned
could have happened.”
Pawley remained silent, a silence misapprehended by Grimshaw,
who reflected, naturally enough, that congratulation was deemed
impossible. But the elder man had embarked upon a long pilgrimage
at racing speed. He was whirled back to those far-off days when he,
a nobody, aspired to enter a guarded pleasaunce, with its
conspicuous notice: “Trespassers Beware!” He had entered it and left
it—alone. Ever since he had remained alone a festering fact. His
kindly eyes rested upon Grimshaw’s tired face. He held out his thin
hand.
“Can I help you to win through?”
His sympathy was so unexpected after a long silence that
Grimshaw stammered a reply:
“You—you think I am w-w-worthy?”
Pawley gripped the hand in his.
“If you can ask that question sincerely, you are. I take it Lady
Selina doesn’t know?”
Grimshaw plunged into fluent speech. When he finished, Pawley
was in possession of what had passed between the lovers, of the
compromise exacted by Cicely, of its effect upon Grimshaw. He
listened with pursed-up lips and frowning brows. Then he delivered
his considered judgment:
“You are stumbling along in ruts. Where have they led me?
Where have they led Goodrich? Come out of them, my dear fellow.
Cicely is wrong. But there is every excuse for her.”
“Then Lady Selina is not to be ‘spared’?”
Pawley made a deprecating gesture.
“Has Omnipotence spared her? The longer I live, Grimshaw, the
more amazed I am at human fallibility. We mean well, most of us,
and we do ill. And ill follows our benevolent efforts. Per contra, good
rises out of evil. Anyway, compromise has been the curse of my life.”
He paused, adding in a lower tone: “Compromise came between me
and the woman I loved. It was too much for both of us. Be honest
with Lady Selina. It’s your best chance. In her heart, and it’s a big
heart, she must have a measure of contempt for poor old Goodrich
and me, because we have kowtowed to her.”
“If I could get at her heart——I have a weapon——”
“A weapon?” Pawley winced at the word. “What sort of weapon?”
“It would lose some of its edge if I showed it to you, I shall not
use it unless I am driven to do so.”
Pawley was too courteous to ask for further explanation.

II
Grimshaw returned to the Rockram cottage much the better for
his talk with Pawley, but conscious, also, that a wise old man was
not optimistic in regard to his chances. He had the wit and the will to
plead his case strongly. The real issue, so he reflected, lay between
strength and obstinacy.
Mrs. Rockram was awaiting him.
 “You made a pore dinner, sir, and I thought, maybe, you’d fancy
some nice hot soup.”
“Bless your kind heart, I do.”
As he ate his soup, she hovered about him, eager to talk over the
fire and the soul-stirring events on the green. Knowing her to be a
faithful servant of the House of Chandos and devoted to its mistress,
he yielded to the temptation to draw from her some expression of
opinion. Obviously she sided with Authority.
“My lady’ll never be the same again, never!”
“In what way do you think she will change?”
“The ingratitude of ’em’ll eat into her bones.”
“Ah! Lady Selina used that word.”
Mrs. Rockram expressed the positive opinion that no other word
could be used by a perfect lady. Emboldened by Grimshaw’s silence,
she went on:
“I know my place, sir, but I did pass the remark to Rockram: ‘Her
ladyship’ll up and leave us,’ I says, ‘to stew in our own sauce.’ ”
“I can’t see her ladyship outside Upworthy.”
“Maybe. But I have seen her. In my day we went to London
every year.”
“And am I to infer, Mrs. Rockram, that her ladyship is a different
woman away from Upworthy?”
Mrs. Rockram rebuked him delicately.
“A lady, like my lady, is a lady wherever she may be. But in the
room we used to remark that her ladyship in town was different.”
“In what way? This is interesting.”
“Rockram was butler in them days. The little I knows I gets from
him. My lady took things easier in Curzon Street, never fussed like.
Very popular she was, too, with the crême de la crême.”
“I dare say your good cooking had something to do with that.”
“Maybe. There was no pinching in those days—the best of
everything. And no trouble neither. The best came to the kitchen
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