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Straight Line Summary

This document provides a comprehensive overview of coordinate systems and straight lines, including key concepts such as points, triangles, slopes, and various forms of line equations. It also covers relationships between lines, such as parallelism, perpendicularity, and concurrency, as well as methods for solving the locus of a moving point. The content is structured for JEE revision, making it a useful resource for students preparing for the exam.

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sanjusundar1905
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24 views3 pages

Straight Line Summary

This document provides a comprehensive overview of coordinate systems and straight lines, including key concepts such as points, triangles, slopes, and various forms of line equations. It also covers relationships between lines, such as parallelism, perpendicularity, and concurrency, as well as methods for solving the locus of a moving point. The content is structured for JEE revision, making it a useful resource for students preparing for the exam.

Uploaded by

sanjusundar1905
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JEE Revision Crash Course COORDINATE SYSTEM AND STRAIGHT LINES www.AhaGuru.

com
- SUMMARY Ravishankar. A

1. POINTS AND TRIANGLES


 mx2  nx1 my2  ny1 
(i) Point dividing line joining A( x1, y1 ), B ( x2, y2 ) internally in the ratio m : n is C  , 
 mn mn 
(ii) Slope of a line: Slope of the line joining A( x1 , y1 ) and B( x2 , y2 )( x1  x2 ) is given by
y2  y1
m  tan  ,  is the angle which the line makes with the positive direction of the x -axis,
x2  x1
0o    180o at   90o , the line is parallel to the y  axis and slope is undefined.
(iii) Three points A( x1, y1 ), B ( x2, y2 ), C ( x3 , y3 ) are collinear if and only if SlopeAB  SlopeBC

(iv) Centroid of a triangle: For a triangle with vertices A( x1, y1 ), B ( x2, y2 ) and C ( x3, y3 ), centroid is
x1  x2  x3 y  y2  y3
G  x, y  where x  and y  1
3 3
(v) Incentre: For a triangle with vertices A( x1, y1 ), B ( x2, y2 ) and C ( x3, y3 ), in-centre is I  x, y  where
ax1  bx2  cx3 ay  by2  cy3
x and y  1 a, b , c being lengths of sides BC, CA and AB
abc abc
respectively.
1
(vi) Area of ABC : With A( x1 , y1 ), B( x2 , y2 ) , C ( x3 , y3 )  | x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 ) | . It is
2
x1 y1 1
1
also equal to x2 y2 1 . Three points are collinear if and only if the determinant is zero.
2
x3 y3 1

2. STANDARD FORMS OF THE EQUATION OF A LINE


(i) Slope-Intercept: Equation of a line with slope m and making an intercept c on the y -axis is
y  mx  c.
(ii) Point- Slope: Equation of a line with slope m and passing through ( x1 , y1 ) is y  y1  m( x  x1 ).
y  y1 x  x1
(iii) Two-Points form: Equation of a line through the points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) is 
y2  y1 x2  x1
x y
(iv) Intercept form: Line making intercepts a and b on x  axis y -axis respectively is  1
a b
A C B
(v) Standard form: Ax  By  C  0 : Slope=  , X , Y intercepts are  ,  respectively
B A A
(vi) Parametric form: Line through A( x1 , y1 ) and making  with the positive X -axis
   x  x1 y  y1
 0     ,   is   r , r = distance of any point P( x, y) from A( x1 , y1 ) .
 2  cos  sin 
x  x1  r cos  , y  y1  r sin  .
www.AhaGuru.com
JEE Revision Crash Course
Ravishankar. A

3. OTHER RESULTS
(i) If p1 is the length of the perpendicular from ( x1 , y1 ) on the line Ax  By  C  0 ,

Ax1  By1  C
p1 
A2  B 2
(ii) The points ( x1, y1 ) and ( x2, y2 ) lie on the same side of the line if the expressions Ax1  By1  C and
Ax2  By2  C have the same sign, and on opposite sides if they have opposite signs.

4. TWO OR MORE LINES: Two lines A1 x  B1 y  C1  0 and A2 x  B2 y  C2  0 are

A1 A2
(i) Parallel (i.e., the slopes are equal), if  or A1B2  A2 B1
B1 B2
 A1  A2 
(ii) Perpendicular if the product of their slopes is -1, i.e.       1 or A1 A2  B1B2  0
 B1  B2 
A1 B1 C1
(iii) Identical if  
A2 B2 C2
m2  m1
(iv) Angle  between two lines with slopes m1 , m2 is given by tan    m1 , m2 being the
1  m1m2
slopes. Between any 2 lines which are not parallel/perpendicular, there is an acute and obtuse
angle, so both values of tan  are valid. To get the acute angle  , take the positive value of tan 

(v) Angle Bisectors: Of the lines A1 x  B1 y  C1  0 , A2 x  B2 y  C2  0 are given by


A1 x  B1 y  C1 A2 x  B2 y  C2
 . One line bisects the acute angle and the other bisects the
A B
1
2
1
2
A2 2  B2 2
obtuse angle.

(vi) Concurrent Lines: Three lines A1 x  B1 y  C1  0 , A2 x  B2 y  C2  0 , A3 x  B3 y  C3  0 are


A1 B1 C1
concurrent if and only if A2 B2 C2  0
A3 B3 C3

(vii) Equation of family of lines: Family of lines through intersection of A2 x  B2 y  C2  0 ,


A2 x  B2 y  C2  0 is given by ( A1 x  B1 y  C1 )   ( A2 x  B2 y  C2 )  0 where  is a parameter.

(viii) The family of lines given by Ax  By  C  0 where A, B, C are connected by a linear equation
 p q
Ap  Bq  Cr  0 , are all concurrent at the point  , 
r r
www.AhaGuru.com
JEE Revision Crash Course
Ravishankar. A

5. SOLVING LOCUS OF A MOVING POINT

Step1: Let the moving point be P(h, k )

Step2: Draw a diagram for the info given, mark P(h, k ) . To the extent possible, avoid introducing new
variables at this stage.

Step3: Use the condition given in the problem to connect h, k with parameters given in the problem

like  or  . This parameter is what causes the point P to be “moving” as opposed to a fixed point. Note
that h, k are just coordinates of a point, and there could be an equation of a line that has both h, k
and x, y .

Step4: Using the equations from step3, eliminate the parameter and get a relation (could be any
complicated equation!) connecting h, k and only known constants.

Step 5: Replace h, k with x, y to get the locus in terms of the standard moving point ( x, y) . The reason
one cannot start directly with x, y is the last point in Step3.

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