Gerunds & Infinitives – Part 1

1. Gerund va Infinitive: Asosiy tushuncha

Gerund va infinitive fe’lning maxsus shakllaridir.

 Gerund → verb + -ing (playing, studying, swimming).

 Infinitive → to + verb (to play, to study, to swim).

🔹 Asosiy farq:

 Gerund fe’lni otga aylantiradi → Swimming is fun. (Suzish qiziqarli.)

 Infinitive fe’lni umumiy yoki kelajakdagi harakat sifatida bildiradi → I

want to swim. (Men suzishni xohlayman.)

2. Gerund ishlatiladigan holatlar

2.1. Fe’ldan keyin faqat Gerund keladigan holatlar

Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin har doim gerund (-ing) ishlatiladi:

SUBJECT + VERB + VERB (GERUND / INFINITIVE) + OBJECT. ....

VERB + VERB (GERUND / INFINITIVE)

1. WANT , DECIDE, SUPPORT + VERB (TO LISTEN, TO STAY, TO

GIVE)
2. SUGGEST, LIKE, VALUE + VERB (+ING) (STAYING, DANCNIG,
BEING WITH YOU)

NOUN + VERB (GERUND / INFINITIVE)

ADJECTIVE + VERB (GERUND / INFINITIVE)

Fe’l Misol

Enjoy I enjoy reading books.

Admit He admitted stealing the money.

Avoid She avoids talking to strangers.

Conside They considered moving to Spain.

r

Delay He delayed responding to the

email.

Deny She denied cheating in the exam.

Finish We finished eating dinner.

Mind Do you mind opening the window?

Miss I miss living in my hometown.

Postpon They postponed going on vacation.

e

Practice She practices playing the piano

every day.

Suggest He suggested going to the cinema.

⛔ Xatolik: I enjoy to read books. ❌

✅ To‘g‘ri: I enjoy reading books.

2.2. PREPOSITION keyin har doim Gerund ishlatiladi

 He is interested in learning Spanish.

 We talked about going to Paris.

 She apologized for being late.

 I'm looking forward to meeting you.

⛔ Xatolik: He is interested to learn Spanish. ❌

2.3. Birikmali fe’llardan (phrasal verbs) keyin Gerund keladi

 She gave up smoking. (U chekishni tashladi.)

 He kept on talking. (U gapirishda davom etdi.)

 We ended up staying at home. (Biz oxir-oqibat uyda qoldik.)

2.4. Fe’l gapning boshida ot sifatida kelganda

 Swimming is a good exercise.

 Swimming in the river may be somehow dangerous.

 Reading improves vocabulary.

 Writing essays helps students learn.

⛔ Xatolik: To swim is a good exercise. ❌ (Ko‘pincha gerund ishlatiladi.)

2.5. “Go” + sport yoki mashg‘ulotni bildiruvchi fe’llar bilan

  They go skiing every winter.

 I go swimming every Sunday.

 He goes jogging in the morning.

⛔ Xatolik: They go to ski. ❌

3. Infinitive ishlatiladigan holatlar

3.1. Ba’zi fe’llardan keyin faqat Infinitive keladi

Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin faqat "to + verb" shakli ishlatiladi:

Verb + verb

Fe’l Misol

Agree He agreed to help me.

Decide They decided to leave early.

I expect to receive an email

Expect
soon.

Hope She hopes to pass the test.

He learned to play the

Learn
guitar.

Offer They offered to help.

We plan to travel next

Plan
summer.

Promis
He promised to call me.
e

She refused to sign the

Refuse
contract.

Want I want to buy a new car.

⛔ Xatolik: I want buying a new car. ❌

✅ To‘g‘ri: I want to buy a new car.

3.2. Object + Infinitive

Subject + Verb + Object + Verb + Adverb

Agar fe’ldan keyin ob’ekt (shaxs yoki predmet) kelsa, infinitive ishlatiladi:
  She told me to wait outside.

 He asked his friend to help him.

 I want you to explain this to me.

⛔ Xatolik: She told me waiting outside. ❌

3.3. “Too” va “Enough” bilan

 He is too tired to work.

 She is old enough to drive a car.

⛔ Xatolik: He is too tired working. ❌

3.4. Maqsad yoki sabab bildiruvchi gaplarda

 I came here to study English. (Maqsad bildiradi.)

 She left early to catch the train. (Sabab.)

3.5. “Be + Adjective” bilan

 She is happy to see you.

 It’s difficult to learn Chinese.

 I'm glad to meet you.

⛔ Xatolik: She is happy seeing you. ❌

4. Gerund va Infinitive: Ma’no farqlari

Ba’zi fe’llar gerund ham, infinitive ham qabul qiladi, lekin ma’no farq qiladi:

Fe’l Gerund Infinitive

He stopped smoking. (U He stopped to smoke. (U chekish

Stop
chekishni butunlay tashladi.) uchun to‘xtadi.)

I remembered to meet her. (Men u

Rememb I remember meeting her. (Men u
bilan uchrashishim kerakligini
er bilan uchrashganimni eslayman.)
esladim.)

She tried opening the window. (U She tried to open the window. (U
Try derazani ochib ko‘rdi, tajriba derazani ochishga urindi, lekin
qildi.) ocholmadi.)
⛔ Xatolik: He stopped to smoke. (Agar "U chekishni tashladi" deyish kerak
bo‘lsa.) ❌
✅ To‘g‘ri: He stopped smoking.

5. Gerund va Infinitive o‘zgaruvchan ma’nolari

Ba’zi fe’llar gerund ham, infinitive ham qabul qiladi, lekin ularning ma’nosi
o‘zgaradi. Quyidagi holatlarga alohida e’tibor bering:

Fe’l Gerund bilan ma’nosi Infinitive bilan ma’nosi

I’ll never forget meeting you. (Siz Don’t forget to lock the door.
Forg
bilan tanishganimni hech qachon (Eshikni qulflashni unutmang –
et
unutmayman – o‘tgan voqea.) kelajak harakati.)

I regret telling you the truth. I regret to inform you that you
Regr
(Haqiqatni aytganimdan afsusdaman failed. (Sizga xabar berishdan
et
– o‘tgan harakat.) afsusdaman – rasmiy uslub.)

He stopped smoking. (U chekishni He stopped to smoke. (U chekish

Stop
butunlay tashladi.) uchun to‘xtadi.)

She tried opening the window. (U She tried to open the window. (U
Try derazani ochib ko‘rdi – tajriba derazani ochishga harakat qildi,
ma’nosida.) lekin ocholmadi.)

⛔ Xatolik: I stopped to smoke. (Agar "U chekishni tashladi" deyish kerak

bo‘lsa.) ❌
✅ To‘g‘ri: I stopped smoking.

6. "Need", "Require", "Want" fe’llarining maxsus ishlatilishi

6.1. Need + Gerund → Passive ma’no

 The car needs washing = The car needs to be washed. (Mashina yuvilishi
kerak.)

 This room needs cleaning = This room needs to be cleaned. (Bu xona
tozalanishi kerak.)

⛔ Xatolik: He needs to wash. ❌

✅ To‘g‘ri: The car needs washing.

🔹 Aktiv gap uchun: I need to wash the car. (Men mashinani yuvishim kerak.)

6.2. "Require", "Want" ham xuddi shunday ishlatiladi

 This machine requires repairing (to be repaired).

 These shoes want polishing (to be polished).

7. Infinitive ishlatiladigan maxsus hollar

7.1. "Only" konstruktsiyasi

"Only to" kutilmagan natija yoki hafsalani pir qiladigan holatlar uchun
ishlatiladi:

 I arrived at the station, only to find that the train had left. (Men
stansiyaga yetib bordim, lekin poyezd ketib bo‘lgan ekan.)

 She opened the box, only to discover that it was empty.

7.2. Why not + infinitive (To siz)

 Why not go for a walk? (Nega sayrga chiqmaslik kerak?)

 Why not try again?

7.3. "Be about " (Ya’qin kelajak)

 The film is about to start. (Film hozir boshlanadi.)

 She was about to leave when you called. (U jo‘nab ketmoqchi edi, siz
qo‘ng‘iroq qilganingizda.)

8. Gerund yoki Infinitive tanlashda to‘g‘ri yo‘nalish

Agar biror fe’l gerund yoki infinitive bilan ishlatilishi mumkinligiga ishonchingiz
komil bo‘lmasa, ushbu qoidalar yordam beradi:

✅ Har doim Gerund bilan keladigan holatlar:

✔ Preposition dan keyin (good at swimming, interested in learning)
✔ Ba’zi fe’llardan keyin (enjoy, avoid, suggest, consider + 1000)
✔ Gapning boshida ot sifatida (Swimming is fun.)
✔ Phrasal verbs bilan (give up smoking, keep on working)

✅ Har doim Infinitive bilan keladigan holatlar:

✔ Ba’zi fe’llardan keyin (want, decide, learn, refuse +1000)
✔ "Too" va "Enough" bilan (He is too old to drive.)
✔ Maqsadni bildiruvchi gaplarda (I study hard to pass the exam.)
✔ "Be + Adjective" bilan (She is happy to see you.)

⛔ Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar:

❌ I want going home. → ✅ I want to go home.
❌ She suggested to go there. → ✅ She suggested going there.
❌ He decided going abroad. → ✅ He decided to go abroad.
9. Istisnolar va muhim qoidalar

9.1. "Help" fe’li: To bilan ham, to’siz ham ishlatilishi mumkin

 She helped me to carry (full infinitive) the bags.

 She helped me carry (bare infinitive) the bags. ✅ (Ikki variant ham
to‘g‘ri.)

9.2. "Dare" fe’li ham to’siz yoki "to" bilan kelishi mumkin

 He didn’t dare to speak.

 He didn’t dare speak. ✅ (Ikki variant ham to‘g‘ri.)

 ADVANCED EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Differentiate Meaning – Gerund vs. Infinitive

🔹 Instructions: Each pair of sentences below contains a gerund or an

infinitive. Identify the difference in meaning and explain it.

Example:
🔹 She stopped smoking. → (Meaning: She quit smoking forever.)
🔹 She stopped to smoke. → (Meaning: She paused another action in order to
smoke.)

Now try these pairs:

1. a) He remembered locking the door.

b) He remembered to lock the door.

2. a) I regret telling you the truth.

b) I regret to tell you that you failed the test.

3. a) They tried using a different approach.

b) They tried to use a different approach.

4. a) We need to clean the room.

b) The room needs cleaning.

5. a) She forgot meeting him before.

b) She forgot to meet him at the cafe.

✍ Write the explanation for each pair!

Exercise 2: Sentence Transformations – Gerund vs. Infinitive with

Changing Structures

🔹 Instructions: Rewrite each sentence by changing the structure but keeping

the meaning. Use either a gerund or an infinitive appropriately.

Example:
🔹 She finds it hard to wake up early. → Waking up early is hard for her.

Now try these:

1. It’s important for students to study regularly.

2. He doesn’t allow people to take photos in the museum.

3. It was difficult for her to accept the truth.

4. They advised him to take an umbrella.

5. Teaching small children can be exhausting.

✍ Write the transformed version for each sentence!

Exercise 3: Error Correction – Common Mistakes with Gerunds &

Infinitives

🔹 Instructions: Each sentence below has a mistake related to gerunds and

infinitives. Identify and correct it.

Find and fix the errors:

1. She suggested to go to the cinema.

2. I enjoy to read books in my free time.

3. He let me to borrow his car for the weekend.

4. They avoided to talk about the problem.

5. She is looking forward to see you soon.

6. He refused going to the party last night.

7. The teacher made us to write an essay.

8. We can’t afford buying a new house right now.

9. Do you mind to help me with this assignment?

10. He admitted to steal the money.

✍ Write the corrected version for each sentence!

Exercise 4: Mixed Use – Multiple-Choice with Nuanced Meanings

🔹 Instructions: Choose the correct answer and explain why it is correct.

Select the best option:

1. I regret ______ (telling / to tell) her the truth, but it was necessary.

2. She stopped ______ (eating / to eat) because she was full.

3. The manager expects the employees ______ (working / to work) overtime

this weekend.

4. He can’t help ______ (laughing / to laugh) whenever he sees that movie.

5. They advised me ______ (taking / to take) the early train.

6. My phone needs ______ (charging / to charge) before I go out.

7. We decided ______ (staying / to stay) at a hotel instead of a hostel.

8. She is afraid of ______ (making / to make) mistakes in English.

 9. I don’t remember ______ (seeing / to see) her before.

10. He pretended ______ (being / to be) sick to avoid work.

✍ Write the correct option and explain the reason!

Exercise 5: Gerunds After Prepositions – Find the Mistakes

🔹 Instructions: Some of these sentences use gerunds correctly after

prepositions, while others contain errors. Identify the mistakes and rewrite
the incorrect sentences correctly.

Find the errors and fix them:

1. She is afraid of to swim in deep water.

2. He apologized for being late.

3. They are interested in learning new skills.

4. She insisted on to speak with the manager.

5. We succeeded in to complete the project on time.

6. They are thinking about moving to a new city.

7. He’s good at playing the piano.

8. The police arrested him for to steal a car.

9. She was accused of lying in court.

10. I am looking forward to meet you.

✍ Write the corrected version for each incorrect sentence!

Exercise 6: Sentence Building – Gerund & Infinitive in Complex

Sentences

🔹 Instructions: Complete the sentences with a suitable gerund or infinitive

structure.

1. I didn’t expect ______. (he, offer, help)

2. We regret ______. (not, listen, advice)

3. She is looking forward to ______. (travel, Europe)

4. The doctor recommended ______. (she, take, medicine)

5. They persuaded me ______. (join, the competition)

6. He can’t help ______. (laugh, that joke)

 7. We spent hours ______. (try, fix, computer)

8. The police warned him ______. (not, drive, fast)

9. Do you remember ______? (we, meet, last summer)

10. She made me ______. (apologize, mistake)

✍ Complete the sentences with the correct structure!

Exercise 7: Special Cases – “Need,” “Want,” “Require”

🔹 Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct gerund or infinitive form of
the verb. Consider whether the subject is an object or a person, and whether
passive or active meaning is needed.

1. The house needs ______ (clean).

2. You need ______ (finish) your homework before going out.

3. My car requires ______ (fix) as soon as possible.

4. This software needs ______ (update) regularly.

5. He wants ______ (promote) by the end of the year.

6. The problem requires ______ (think) about carefully.

7. I need ______ (talk) to you about something important.

8. The windows want ______ (wash) before the guests arrive.

9. The baby needs ______ (feed) every three hours.

10. This project requires ______ (pay) close attention to detail.

✍ Write the correct forms and explain why they are used!

Exercise 8: “Only To” Constructions

🔹 Instructions: Complete the sentences using the correct infinitive verb form
after "only to", which expresses an unexpected or disappointing result.

Example:
🔹 She arrived early, only to find the office closed.

Now try these:

1. He studied all night, only ______ (fail) the exam.

2. They rushed to the station, only ______ (miss) the last train.

3. I called her three times, only ______ (get) no answer.

4. She left home early, only ______ (arrive) late due to traffic.
 5. We booked a hotel, only ______ (discover) it was under renovation.

6. He worked hard, only ______ (be) fired unexpectedly.

7. She tried to help, only ______ (make) things worse.

8. They saved money for years, only ______ (lose) it in a bad investment.

9. He ran to the airport, only ______ (find) his flight was canceled.

10. She sent the invitation, only ______ (realize) she had the wrong
email address.

✍ Write the correct verb forms!

Exercise 9: Gerund or Infinitive in Complex Sentences

🔹 Instructions: Rewrite the sentences using gerunds or infinitives as needed.

Example:
🔹 It was difficult for him to admit that he was wrong. → Admitting that he was
wrong was difficult for him.

Now try these:

1. It is important to exercise regularly.

2. He was happy that he received the award.

3. She found it annoying that they kept interrupting her.

4. It took them hours to fix the car.

5. I found it strange that he left without saying goodbye.

6. To tell the truth is always the best policy.

7. It’s impossible to learn a language in one week.

8. It was difficult for them to complete the task on time.

9. The most important thing is to believe in yourself.

10. It was surprising to hear the news.

✍ Rewrite these using gerund or infinitive phrases!

Exercise 10: Gerund vs. Infinitive in a Short Passage

🔹 Instructions: Fill in the blanks in the passage with the correct gerund or
infinitive form of the verbs in parentheses.

The Struggling Musician

Mark always dreamed of ______ (become) a famous musician. However, he had
to work hard and practice every day. He avoided ______ (go) out with friends so
he could spend more time ______ (play) the guitar. His parents encouraged him
______ (pursue) his passion, but they also reminded him ______ (not/ignore) his
studies.

One day, he decided ______ (audition) for a talent show. He expected ______
(get) nervous, but surprisingly, he felt confident. Unfortunately, the judges
failed ______ (recognize) his talent, and he ended up ______ (feel) disappointed.

Despite this setback, Mark kept ______ (work) hard. He refused ______ (give up)
on his dreams and continued ______ (improve) his skills.

✍ Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs!

Exercise 11: Advanced Error Correction

🔹 Instructions: The following sentences contain difficult mistakes related to

gerunds and infinitives. Identify and correct them.

Find and fix the errors:

1. She admitted to have stolen the money.

2. He suggested me to join the club.

3. I can’t help to laugh when I see that video.

4. He avoided to talk to his boss about the mistake.

5. She stopped crying to answer the phone.

6. I regret to not listen to your advice.

7. She made me crying with her kind words.

8. I look forward to meet you soon.

9. He denied to be involved in the incident.

10. They postponed to make a decision.

✍ Write the corrected version for each sentence!

Exercise 12: Mixed Use – Choosing the Correct Form

🔹 Instructions: Choose the correct option in each sentence. Some sentences

have only one correct choice, while others may have different meanings
based on the choice.

1. She dislikes ______ (talk / to talk) about her problems.

 2. I don’t remember ______ (seeing / to see) you at the party.

3. The doctor advised ______ (taking / to take) more rest.

4. He stopped ______ (smoking / to smoke) last year.

5. We tried ______ (calling / to call) him, but his phone was off.

6. She kept ______ (asking / to ask) me the same question.

7. He needs ______ (to finish / finishing) the project by tomorrow.

8. They agreed ______ (help / to help) us with the event.

9. The baby started ______ (cry / crying) loudly.

10. We appreciate ______ (to have / having) you on our team.

✍ Choose the correct option and explain why!

 Answers
PART 1 ANSWERS

Exercise 1: Differentiate Meaning 1. to work

2. working
1. locking / to lock 3. to do
2. telling / to tell 4. remembering
3. using / to use 5. to tell
4. to clean / cleaning 6. stopping
5. meeting / to meet 7. to pay
8. to study
Exercise 2: Sentence Transformations 9. to leave
10. going
1. Studying regularly is important.
2. I enjoy playing chess. Exercise 6: Complex Error Correction
3. She dislikes being interrupted.
4. It’s necessary to be on time. 1. to have → having
5. He kept talking despite my warnings. 2. me to join → joining
3. to laugh → laughing
Exercise 3: Verbs with Gerunds & 4. to talk → talking
Infinitives (Different Meanings) 5. crying → to answer
6. to not listen → not listening
1. playing 7. crying → cry
2. to see 8. meet → meeting
3. going 9. to be → being
4. to help 10. to make → making
5. to say
6. meeting
7. to work
8. to tell PART 2 ANSWERS
9. seeing
10. to buy Exercise 7: Special Cases (Need, Want,
Require)
Exercise 4: Passive Forms
1. cleaning
1. being awarded 2. to finish
2. to be completed 3. fixing
3. being blamed 4. updating
4. to be given 5. to be promoted
5. to be fixed 6. thinking
6. being insulted 7. to talk
7. to be elected 8. washing
8. to be promoted 9. feeding
9. being accused 10. paying
10. to be punished
Exercise 8: “Only To” Constructions
Exercise 5: “Go On,” “Stop,” “Forget,”
“Remember” 1. to fail
2. to miss
 3. to get Exercise 12: Choosing the Correct Form
4. to arrive
5. to discover 1. talking
6. to be 2. seeing
7. to make 3. taking
8. to lose 4. smoking
9. to find 5. calling
10. to realize 6. asking
7. to finish
Exercise 9: Sentence Transformations 8. to help
9. crying
1. Exercising regularly is important. 10. having
2. He was happy to receive the award.
3. She found being interrupted annoying.
4. Fixing the car took them hours.
5. I found leaving without saying
goodbye strange.
6. Telling the truth is always best.
7. Learning a language in one week is
impossible.
8. Completing the task on time was
difficult.
9. Believing in yourself is the most
important thing.
10. Hearing the news was surprising.

Exercise 10: Short Passage

1. becoming
2. going
3. playing
4. to pursue
5. not to ignore
6. to audition
7. to get
8. to recognize
9. feeling
10. working

Exercise 11: Advanced Error Correction

1. to have → having
2. me to join → joining
3. to laugh → laughing
4. to talk → talking
5. crying → to answer
6. to not listen → not listening
7. crying → cry
8. meet → meeting
9. to be → being
10. to make → making