The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Creating and Interpreting I S 0 Standard Technical Drawings

Paul Green
IEng MIED IngEurEta

European Commission Oficial

Engineering Designer

AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK *OXFORD

PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
ELSEVIER Ncwnes is an imprint of Eltcvicr ~ewnes
Newnes
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First published 2005

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PART 1
Introduction and how to use this book
8 The Georn&leal Tderaneing tMc Rehenee

Step 3
Read the page m r m k in go to next.

- step 3

Step 4
Read t h e p a g e ~ m e x p l a n a t m o f y o u r ~ ~ t o ~ a n d h o w ~ s p p I your
yitto
drawing.

** How ta apply
the tolwance to
your drawing *

Do nOt aO1R fhis

information on

The tolerance
shown and The tolermw shown
explained 3D) in front and Gde

Quick snmmnry
reference b o ~
12 The GwrnrdrW Tderanclng Desk Referenat

step 4
R e d t h e d ~ p a g e ~ t o g o t o ~

Step 5
Read the page for an expWm ofyour s e k b d toI-e.

your drawing *

This infarm* will

not appmr on the
drawing (it is for
explanation only]

The tolerance
shown and The tolermw shown
explained 3D) in front and Gde
PART 2
Key aspects of geometrical tolerancing
PART 3
Geometrical tolerancing examples
GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCING EXAMPLES 19

2- Tolerance zone baa been abbmhted to Tol. zone @mwghrta e d m 19)

88 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Axis ~f the Q8 hole

Tolerance zone t o be inclined

Geometrical tolerancho examples a
70 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m
Geometrical toleranting examples 71
72 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m
Geometrical Zolemncing rimmples 73
74 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Tolerance zane t o be inclined

What is constrained Tolerance zone Size of tol, zone Tol, zone positioned

4 2 concentric circles 0.01 0.1

2 coaxial cylinders 0.02 0.15 Axes
- 0.03 0.2
2 parallel planes % 0.04 0.25 Lines
0 0.05 0.3 Mean axis
04 0.06 zf 0.35 Median plane
Paralleleplped @ 0.07 0.4 Inclined a t 55" to datum Plane A d
9 0.08 0.45 Pal
76 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

to the datum axis A

 Geometrical tolemncing emmples 77

Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4

0 0.OU 0.45
Circular element of a surface 4 Conical section 8 J 0.09 0.5
78 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m
 Geometdcal toleranclng cmramples 79

Measured normal

Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4 To be at 90' to datum plane A J

8 0.0U 0.45
Circular element of a surface J Conical section 8 0.09 0.5
80 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

One complete revolution

 Geometrical toleranting examples 81

Example: Cra 7

Tolerance zone axis

ne camplete revolution

I What is constrained
I Tolerance zone Size of tol. zone
82 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Example: Cro 8

FIM {full indicator movement] t o not

What is constrained Tolerance zone Size of tol. zone Tol. zone axis

Axis 2 concentric circles 0.01 0.1 Must coincide with datum axis 0
Circumference 2 coaxial cylinders @ 0.02 0.15 Axes
-
Edge 2 lines - 0.03 0.2 Line
Line 2 parallel planes 0.04 0.25 Lines
Median plane Circle 0 0.05 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 0.06 0.35 Median plane
Profile Parallelepiped @ 0.01 0.4 To be at 90' t o datum plane A J
Surface Sphere 0 0.0s 0.45
Circular element of a surface Conical section 8 If 0.09 0.5
Geometrical Zolemncing rimmples 83
84 The GeorneMcal Toleranclng Desk R e f e m

Example: Coa 1

019 0.04

[ *-*
Implied datum Ino datum call outl,

Now regarded as an old drawing

standard. Shown for reference
]@ s.
m
o

1
c
--I--------

P
,------
A+

a
\
-8

to drawings prepared to earlier

standards.

g0.04 cylinder1
86 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m
Geometrical blerancing examples 87
88 The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

Any cross-section (ACS)

 Geometdcal toleranclng cmramples 8!3

Example: Cyl 1

Tolerance zone

i
M u s t lie between the
two coaxial cylinders)

Sphere
C I
I
90 The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

Example: Fla 1
12

1010, o 41

- ------

I-@ I

Surf ace

- @
I
(Two parallel planes)
I
92 The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea
Geometrical blerancing examples 93
94. The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea
W The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea
Geometrical blerancing examples 97
ga The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea
Example: Par 7

I I

Tolerance zone=0.15
Surface of the feature
100 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference
 f'
r", 2

---

Tolerance zone=0.06

(Must lie between the two

parallel lines and lie in a
plane parallel t o datum 81

-1-111-11~-1-1- u l - ~ e l - l e

--
a plane par,allel to dat.unplane 0
Geometrical toleranclng examples I03
104 The Geometrical Toleming Desk Rhrence
Geometrical toleranclng examples 105
108 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference
Geometrical toleranclng examples 1W
108 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference
Geometrical toleranclng emmples I09
1 10 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

Example: Per 8

CPI
a

-
I I

l - l i

[Two parallel planes)

What is constrained Tolerance zone Size of tol, zone Tol. zone positioned

Axis 4 2 concentric circles 10.01 0.1 Axis A

Circumference 2 coaxial cylinders @ 10.02 0.15 Axes
-
Edge 2 lines - 10.03 0.2 Line
Line 2 parallel planes ~10.04 0.25 Lines
Median plane Circle 0 10.05 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 10.06 0.35 Median plane
Profile Parallelepiped @ 10.07 0.4 Perpendicular t a the datum plane A
Surface Sphere 0 10.08 0.45 Parallel to the datum plane B
10.09 0.5
 !/,
Geometrical folemncing examples 111

Example: Per 9

-\ --%

7
+p1
I

Axis af the 816 feature

arallelplanes0.1apart
nd the two parallel planes

T T I
Ifolerance zone

,R
I

I = I l l e l = !
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 k l r l r l r ~ r ~ d

What is constrained Tolerance zone Size of tol, zone Tol, zone positioned

Axis 4 2 concentric circles 0.01 0.1 4 Axis

Circumference 2 coaxial cylinders 0.02 0.15 Axes
-
-
Edge 2 lines 0.03 0.2 4 Line
Line 2 parallel planes (2x1 d 0.04 0.25 Lines
Median plane Circle 0 0.05 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 0.06 0.35 Perpendicular to the datum plane A 4
Profile Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4 (Both pair5 of !Jlanesl
S 0 0.08 0.45 Perpendicular 10.2 wide) and parallel 4'
0,09 0,5 10.1 wide) to the datum plane B
1 12 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Tolerance zone 13x1

Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4 Planes A and 0

0 0.00 0.45
0.09 0.5
 Geometrical toleranclng emmples 113

Paint

/(Centre
\ The tolerance zane
lies on this surface
Toleranr~zone
of the circle Is at the
true position of the point1
1 14 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4 Planes A and B

0 0.00 0.45
0.09 0.5
 Geometrical toleranclng emmples I15

What is constrained Tolerance zone

4 2 concentric circles 0 0.01 0.1

2 coaxial cylinders 0 0.02 0.15 Axes
- 0.03 0.2
2 parallel planes 0.04 0.25 Lines
0 0.05 0.3
04 0.06 d 0.35 Median plane
Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4
0.08 0.45 Its axis is to be coincident with
116 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

) * "\
3 = '
#

Od5x0.1 parallelepiped tolerance zone (6x1

(Symmetrically disposed about the, 0.15 16~1
-
== -E
UJ
exact true poslt~onof the hole axis I {Tolerance zone] N

Anis of the $6 hole 16x1

What is constrained Tolerance zone sizeof to[, zone Tol. zone symmetrically disposed
with respect to the datum
Axis 2 concentric circles 0 0.01 0.1 Axis
Circumference 2 coaxial cylinders 0.02 0.15 Axes
-
Edge 2 lines - 0.03 0.2 Line
Line 2 parallel planes % 0.04 0.25 Lines
Median plane Circle 0 0.05 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 0.06 0.35 Median plane
Profile
- Parallelepiped @ 4 0.01 0.4 Planes A, B and C -J
-Surf Sphere 8 0.0a 0.45 -
-Cirum ss-section 0.09 0.5 -
Geometrical toleranclng examples 117
1 18 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference
120 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

The tolerance zone is at

The tolerance zone is at
122 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

The tolerance zone is at

any cross-section parallel
to this plane and envelopes
 Geometrical toleranclng examples 123

-----

Series o f 90,OS circles

with their centres on

The tolerance zone is at

any cross-section parallel
to this plane and envelopes
124 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

The tolerance zone is at

any cross-section parallel
to this plane and envelopes
the 80.08 circles
Geometrical toleranclng examples 125
128 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference
Geometrical toleranclng examples 127
128 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

Series of fl0.1 spheres

with their centres on
the theoretical surface
 Geometrical toleranclng emmples

Example: Rou 1
Engraved line

00
CV
e

Tolerance zone
0.06
[Tolerance zone]

(Must lie between the

two concentric circles]
130 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference
Geometrical folemncing examples 131

I
The tolerance zone is a t
132 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

The tolerance zone is at the

circumference o f a20 and
perpendicular to the axis
Geometrical toleranclng emmples
134 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Example: Str 1

-10.04

Tolerance zone
0 i
 Geometrical toleranclng emmples 135

Example: Str 2

--l@0,05

rD
7 - , ,
s

I
n
X -E
P
::

b--@
al
C 9
0
N
al
g z
Y
C
m
L
a
l
+
0
+

60.05cylinder]

Sphere
C I
138 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference
 Geometrical toleranclng examples 137

Example: Str 4

--10.04 k.
h .i.,*
J!'
I

-
a -rpl
7

L-4

Tolerance zone=0.04
Two straight lines
4 = on any plane
.e ::
e l

-5
---- -
1fi1
Any plane

What is constrained Tolerance zone Size of tot, zone Where,does the tolerance
zone Ile
Axis 2 concentric circles 0.01 0.1 Axis
Circumference 2 coaxial cylinders @ 0.02 0.15 Axes
Edge 2 lines =4 0.03 0.2 Line
Line 2 parallel planes % 0.04 0.25 Lines
Median plane Circle 0 0.05 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 0.06 0.35 Median plane
Profile Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4 On any plane 4
Surface 4 Sphere 0 0.08 0.45
0.09 0.5
138 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

Example: Str 5

m
-6
UI

-
-.--------

The tolerance zone can

be at any position
 Geometrical toleranclng examples 139

Axis of the feature

140 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

Example: Str 7

--1@0,04

f -r

rlr Obsolete I#

2
%
al
C
0
N
aJ
U
C
rn
L
aJ
+
0
+

(Must lie in the

@0.04 cylinder)
142 The Geormkical Talemncing Desk Referenee

Example: Sym 1
@9 z10.04[~-~
-
I

G II b l
I

1 ~ w parallel
a planes
I
~ l m . l ~ l @ ~ n l ~ l n l -

I :a
1-1-

4
UJ
EN
=
aI

-g
-
I=

What is constrained Tolerance zone size of tolazone ToI. zone positioned symmetrically
with respect to the datum
Axis 4 2 concentric circles 10.01 0.1 Axis
Circumference 2 coarial cylinders @ 10.02 0.15 Axes
-
Edge 2 lines - 10.03 0.2 Line
Line 2 parallel planes 410.04 4 0.25 Lines
Median plane Circle 0 10.05 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 10.06 0.35 Median plane A-0 d
Profile Parallelepiped @ 10.07 0.4 Plane
Surface Sphere 0 l0.08 0.45
10.09 0.5 -
 Geometrical toleranclng emmples 143

Example: Sym 2

-
IzlO. 11~1

- ot
Datum median plane A

Median plane of slot/ -

--
0

{Must lie between the -

I=

the two parallel planes)

What is constrained Tolerance zone sizeo f to[, zone ToI. zone positioned symmetrically
with respect to the datum
Awis 2 concentric circles 0.01 0.1 4 A~is
Circumference 2 coaxial cylinders @ 0.02 0.15 Axes
-
Edge 2 lines - 0.03 0.2 Line
Line 2 parallel planes 4 0.04 0.25 Lines
Median plane 4 Circle 0 0.05 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 0.06 0.35 Median plane A 4
-Profile Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4 Plane
-$ Sphe 0.08 0.45
I
0.09 0.5
144 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk R&rence

Parallelepiped @ 4 0.07 0.4 Median plane C-D

0 0.08 4 0.45 Plane
148 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

Example: S y m 5

Datum median plane A 1-

If,
0
o
pG3 f
#ki
-2
1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

{feature dimension 341

What is constrained Tolerance zone size o f tot, zone ToI. zone positioned symmetrically
with respect to the datum
Axis 2 concentric circles 10.01 0.1 Axis
Cirrumf erence 2 coaxial cylinders @ 10.02 0.15 Alces
-
Edge 2 lines - 10.03 0.2 Line
Line 2 parallel planes 410.04 0.25 Lines
Median plane 4 Circle 0 10.05 4 0.3 Mean axis
Point Cylinder 10.06 0.35 Median plane A 4
Profile Parallelepiped @ 10.07 0.4 Plane
Surface Sphere 0 10.00 0.45
10.09 0.5
Geometrical toleranclng examples 147
148 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca
 Geometrical toleranclng examples 149

Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4

0 0.0U 0.45
Surface elements 0.09 0.5
150 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenw

All surface elements

 Geometrical folemncing examples 151

Parallelepiped @ 0.07 0.4

Q o.oa 0.45
0.09 0.5
PART 4
Quick reference tables
PART 5
Indexes