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Types of Research

The document outlines various types of research, including basic, applied, quantitative, qualitative, experimental, descriptive, comparative, action, and explanatory research. Each type is defined with its objectives, methods, and examples, highlighting the distinctions between them. The document emphasizes the purpose and application of each research type in expanding knowledge or solving practical problems.

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Julie ann Delos Reyes
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16 views5 pages

Types of Research

The document outlines various types of research, including basic, applied, quantitative, qualitative, experimental, descriptive, comparative, action, and explanatory research. Each type is defined with its objectives, methods, and examples, highlighting the distinctions between them. The document emphasizes the purpose and application of each research type in expanding knowledge or solving practical problems.

Uploaded by

Julie ann Delos Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF RESEARCH

• Basic Research
-also known as pure or fundamental research, is a type of scientific investigation
aimed at expanding knowledge and understanding without immediate practical
application.
-It is the foundation upon which applied research is built, focusing on discovering
general principles, theories, and laws governing natural and social phenomena.
-Its primary goal is to generate new knowledge rather than solve specific, real-world
problems.

For example:
A scientist studying the properties of subatomic particles is conducting basic research
to understand the building blocks of matter.

• Applied Research
-seeks to solve practical problems and enhance the existing body of knowledge by
developing new procedures, products or methodologies, often with direct, real-world
applications.
-It focused on addressing specific challenges or improving existing solutions, thereby
providing tangible benefits.

Example:
-Antibiotics: Researchers create new antibiotics to combat bacterial infections,
addressing rising antibiotic resistance.
-Battery Technology: Engineers develop new battery technologies to increase the
range and decrease the charging time of electric vehicles.
-Market research, because by examining consumption patterns, strategies can be
developed for the development of new products and marketing campaigns, etc.

Note: Applied research is usually based on knowledge or results obtained through


theoretical research.
• Quantitative Research

-is defined as the systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable


data and performing statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.

-study delves into a phenomena through quantitative data collection and


using mathematical, statistical and computer-aided tools to measure them.

-Types of quantitative methods include:

a. survey research
b. Descriptive research
c. Correlational research

Examples:

- A car manufacturer compares the number of sales of red sedans compared to white
sedans. The research uses objective data - the sales figures for red and white sedans-
to draw conclusions.

• Qualitative Research

- is an investigative approach that aims to understand and interpret social phenomena


through subjective experiences, meanings, and perpectives.

- it is often used in the social sciences to collect, compare and interpret information,
has a linguistic-semiotic basis

- this used in techniques such as discourse analysis, interviews, surveys, records and
participant observations.

-It may include:

a. focus group
b. Surveys
c. Participants comments
d. Observations
e. Interviews

Examples:
-A marketing organization presents a new commercial to a focus group before airing
it publicly to receive feedback. The company collects non-numerical data- the
opinions of the focus group participants- to make a decisions.

• Experimental Research

- involves manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on a certain


outcome.

-A research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully


controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as
a result.

-This method allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationship between


variables.

For example,

-randomized controlled trial studies for measuring the effectiveness of new


pharmaceutical drugs on human subjects.

• Descriptive Research -

-The primary objective of descriptive research is to define the characteristics of a


particular phenomenon without necessarily investigating the causes that produce it.

-It aims to observe, document, and create a thorough profile of the subject under
study, often exploring patterns, behaviors, or attributes.

For example,

-investigating how the public census of influential government officials differs


between urban and non-urban areas.

-Market survey: Businesses gather data about their consumers’ preferences to


understand market trends and guide product development.
• Comparative research
-involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of study subjects on ome or
more variables, often at a single point of time.
-is a research methodology in the social sciences exemplified in cross-cultural or
comparative studies that aims to make comparisons across
different countries or cultures.

Example:
-A comparative study on health problems among rural and urban older people

Example of comparative research questions:


-What is the difference in the shopping attitude of millennial adults and those born in
1980?
-What is the difference in time spent on video games between people of the age group
15-17 and 18-21?

• Action Research
- is a reflective, systematic approach where individuals or groups investigate their
own practices to identify areas for improvement.
- It involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting, with the
aim of bringing about positive change.

Examples:
- Literacy Teaching Style: A teacher tries two literacy teaching styles, assesses,
results, and chooses the style that was most effective.

• Explanatory Research

- is the research whose primary purpose is to explain why events occur to build,
elaborate, extend or test theory.

-It is closely related to descriptive research, although it provides additional


information about the observed object and its interactions with the environment.

- Focuses on “why”, or the reason a situation or behavior occurs.


Example:
-You have been teaching statistics to undergraduate students during both the first and
second semesters for several years in a row.
You analyzed their final grades and noticed that the students who take your course in
the first semester always obtain higher grades than students who take the same course
in the second semester. You are interested in discovering what causes this pattern.

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