Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph
Semi-detailed Lesson Plan
I. Objectives
By the end of the lesson discussion, students are expected to:
a. analyze how textual aids enhance understanding of a literary text;
b. share insights on the importance of textual aids in deepening their engagement with literature;
c. construct a collaborative output integrating textual aids to enhance text comprehension.

II. Content
Topic: Textual Aids
Reference: Department of Education. English – Grade 10. Alternative Delivery Mode. Quarter
1 – Module 2: Determining the Effect of Textual Aids on the Understanding of a Text. First
Edition, 2021
Materials: PPT, video presentation, cartolina, markers
Learning Competency: Determine the effect of textual aids on the understanding of a text.
EN10RC-la-2.15.2.
Approach: Constructivist Approach
Targeted Macro Skills: Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing Skills
Grammar Focus: Nouns

Teaching Hints
I. Preliminaries • Prayer
• Greetings
• Classroom Management
• Classroom Rules
II . Motivation Energizer: Name Me! (2 mins)
Directions: As the teacher calls each name for the checking of
attendance, respond with the first noun that comes to mind.
Example: cat, fairy, cookie, treat, cloud, champion, orange,
pearl, apple, mochi, fruitcake
II. Lesson Proper
A. Activity Activity 1: Complete Me! (3 mins)
Directions: The class will be divided into two groups for a storytelling
chain. One by one, each player adds a line to the given prompt and
continues the story using the noun they shared during attendance.

Example: cat, fairy, cookie, Example: orange, pearl, apple,

cloud, champion mochi, fruitcake
GROUP 1 GROUP 2

I have a pet… In the garden…

My cat loves to play. I ate an orange.

Thus, I named my cat Fairy. The fruit was a pearl of sweetness.
Our neighbor gave Fairy a cookie. I gave the apple to my sister.
Cloud, another cat, chased Fairy. Mochi, my sister, discarded the fruit.
Fairy is a champion. My sister is a fruitcake.

Processing Questions:
1. Did the nouns used in the story contribute to the imagery?
2. Which character or thing is the focus in each story line?
3. What can be added or changed to highlight the key characters or
ideas in the story?
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph
B. Analysis Activity 2: Compare Me! (2 mins)
Directions: Compare and contrast the literary texts provided.

The snake and the axe The Snake and the Axe

One day, a snake entered

a woodcutter’s workshop
and found an axe. Curious,
it touched the blade and
got hurt. In anger, the
snake bit the sword One day, a snake entered a
repeatedly, only to wound woodcutter’s workshop and found
itself further. Eventually, an axe.
the snake realized it was Curious, it touched the blade and
harming itself, not the axe. got hurt. In anger, the snake bit
the sword repeatedly, only to
wound itself further.
Eventually, the snake realized it
was harming itself, not the axe.

Source: The story is a popular Indian folktale and has no identifiable author. Image
generated by AI.

Processing Questions:
1. What differences do you notice between the two?
2. Which version is easier to connect with and why?
3. What effect do the textual aids have on the presentation of the story?

C. Abstraction Lesson Proper (8 mins)

Textual aids are visual elements that help readers better

understand the content of the texts.
These aids have two main functions, namely: first, to direct the
readers’ attention to important ideas in the text and second, to provide
more information as a supplement to what is already written.

Activity 3: Match Me!

Directions: Help the snake avoid the woodcutter and get to the exit by
matching the correct description to the type of textual aid.

1. This textual aid provides initial idea on what the text is all about and
represents the key concepts and supporting ideas in the paper.

Titles and
subtitles

Header

 A title provides the overall theme, subject, or focus in a concise

manner, grabbing the attention and giving the audience an idea
of what to expect. In literature, a title is the name of a literary
work that provides a glimpse into the theme, subject, or essence
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph
of the text. For example, "To Kill a Mockingbird" suggests themes
of innocence, justice, and moral growth. Meanwhile, a subtitle is
a secondary or a supportive heading placed below the title. It
often highlights the genre, focus, or narrative style, such as
"Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus," which connects the
story to mythological themes.

2. This textual aid is the visual representation of a subject.

Tables

Illustrations

 An illustration is used to enhance understanding, explain

concepts, or provide examples related to the text. It supports and
complements the content, making it more engaging and easier to
comprehend. Illustrations in literature are visual representations,
such as drawings or images, which enhance understanding of
the text by depicting scenes, characters, or themes. For instance,
illustrated editions of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland often
provide whimsical imagery to complement the fantastical
narrative.

3. This textual aid shows information (facts and figures) that are
organized and arranged in columns and rows.

Graphs

Tables

 A table is used to organize and present information clearly and

concisely. It is a textual aid that allows for easy comparison,
analysis, and understanding of data or concepts. A table in
literary analysis organizes data systematically in rows and
columns, such as comparing themes, character traits, or settings
across different texts. For example, a table might compare the
portrayal of love in Romeo & Juliet and Pride & Prejudice.

4. This textual aid is used when a simple table cannot adequately

demonstrate important relationships of and within data.
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph

Graphs

Advanced
tables

 A graph is a visual representation of data that uses lines, bars,

dots, or other symbols to illustrate numerical or statistical
information. It helps to make complex data more understandable
and easier to interpret by showing comparisons and relationships
at glance. Examples of graphs include: bar graphs, line graphs,
pie graphs, and pictographs. Graphs in literature studies visually
represent trends or relationships, such as the frequency of
recurring themes or the emotional arc of characters over a story.
For example, a line graph could track the protagonist’s mood
changes in Hamlet.

5. These textual aids are visual representations of the selected

characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface.

Maps

Illustrations

 A map is a visual representation of geographical information,

such as locations, boundaries, or features of a region. It is used
as a textual aid to help explain spatial relationships, show
geographical trends, or highlight specific areas relevant to the
content. Maps in literature depict geographic settings or
movements of characters, enhancing the reader’s
comprehension of spatial relationships and context. For example,
a map of Middle-earth in The Lord of the Rings helps readers
visualize the vast journey and locations integral to the plot.

Supplementary Information:

Source: https://youtu.e/8KWZ49MoXWg?feature=shared
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph
Processing questions:
1. Think of a novel or short story you’ve read. How would illustrations
have enhanced your understanding or enjoyment of the narrative?
2. Why do you think some authors choose to include maps, illustrations,
or graphs in their works? How do these aids complement the storytelling
process?
3. In your opinion, how do textual aids make reading more interactive or
engaging?

D. Application Activity 4: Create Me! (3 mins)

Directions: With the same group, refer to the story from the storytelling
chain activity and re-write the story by adding more elements and
integrating textual aids to enhance its narrative and overall delivery.
Afterwards, select one group representative to present the output.

Rubric:
Needs
Criteria Excellent (5) Good (4) Satisfactory (3)
Improvement (2)
The story is well-
The story
organized, with a The story has a
structure is The story lacks a
clear beginning, clear structure but
somewhat clear, clear structure
middle, and end. may have minor
Story Structure but some sections and may be
Transitions issues with
may feel confusing or
between sections transitions or
disjointed or difficult to follow.
are smooth and pacing.
unclear.
logical.
Textual aids are
seamlessly Textual aids are
Textual aids are Textual aids are
integrated, used effectively,
somewhat helpful not used
enhancing but may
Integration of but may not fully effectively or are
understanding of occasionally
Textual Aids enhance the story absent, limiting
the story. Text distract from the
or could be the impact of the
supports key story or be
unclear at times. story.
points without redundant.
distraction.
The presentation
is highly The presentation
The presentation The presentation
engaging, with lacks
is engaging, with is somewhat
creative use of engagement, with
Creativity and some creative engaging but
language, visuals, minimal creative
Engagement elements and lacks creativity or
and textual aids effort or
appropriate use of connection with
that capture the connection to the
visuals and text. the audience.
audience's audience.
attention.
The story is told
The story is
clearly and The story is
mostly clear, with The story is
coherently, with somewhat clear,
minor lapses in unclear or
Clarity and excellent use of but there are
language or disjointed, making
Coherence language and issues with
textual aid it difficult to follow
textual aids to language, flow, or
integration that and understand.
support integration of aids.
don’t distract.
understanding.
E. Evaluation Assessment (2 mins)
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write only the letter of the
correct answer. Do this in a ¼ sheet of paper.
1. What is the primary purpose of a title in a literary text?
A. To introduce the main characters
B. To summarize the entire plot
C. To provide a hint about the theme or subject
D. To list key events

2. Which of the following is an example of a subtitle in a literary work?

A. “The Great Gatsby”
B. “Pride and Prejudice: A Novel of Manners”
C. “It Ends With Us”
D. “Romeo and Juliet”
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph
3. What does an illustration in a literary text most often do?
A. Provides a detailed summary of the text
B. Visually supports the story or themes
C. Replaces descriptions in the text
D. Lists important events

4. Which textual aid is best for showing the relationships between

literary characters?
A. Table
B. Map
C. Graph
D. Illustration

5. What type of graph is most appropriate to show a timeline of

significant events in a novel?
A. Pie chart
B. Bar graph
C. Line graph
D. Scatter plot

6. Why might a map be included in a historical novel?

A. To display weather patterns
B. To show key locations relevant to the story
C. To provide character analysis
D. To summarize the plot

7. What information is typically included in a table found in a literature

textbook?
A. Dialogue from characters
B. A comparison of literary themes
C. Detailed illustrations of the setting
D. Graphical trends in sales of books

8. In what type of literature would you most likely encounter an

illustration of a mythical creature?
A. Science fiction
B. Fantasy
C. Biography
D. Historical fiction

9. Which textual aid can best depict the emotional highs and lows of a
character across a story?
A. Bar graph
B. Line graph
C. Map
D. Illustration

10. What is the role of textual aids in enhancing a literary text?

A. To distract from lengthy descriptions
B. To visually or structurally support understanding
C. To limit the imagination of the reader
D. To replace key narrative elements

11. How does a title differ from a subtitle in its role in literature?
A. Titles summarize the plot; subtitles explain characters.
B. Titles focus on the main theme; subtitles provide additional
context.
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph
C. Titles are used for nonfiction; subtitles are for fiction.
D. Titles introduce the author; subtitles introduce the text.

12. What is the main difference between a graph and a table in

presenting literary data?
A. Graphs show relationships visually, while tables organize
data in rows and columns.
B. Tables summarize the text; graphs detail the plot.
C. Graphs are easier to create; tables are more complex.
D. Tables are only for nonfiction; graphs are for fiction.

13. What can you infer about a story if the map provided highlights of
isolated locations?
A. The story may explore themes of connection and isolation.
B. The characters live in an urban setting.
C. The plot will involve constant movement between places.
D. The map is unrelated to the story's themes.

14. How does an illustration in a fable enhance the moral of the story?
A. By distracting readers with visuals
B. By visually representing key scenes that emphasize the
lesson
C. By replacing the written text entirely
D. By focusing only on the characters

15. Which textual aid would best analyze the character development
over time?
A. Table
B. Line graph
C. Map
D. Illustration

16. What do a table comparing literary themes across genres help the
reader understand?
A. The evolution of authors’ lives
B. Similarities and differences in how themes are portrayed
C. The chronological order of themes in a single novel
D. The financial success of different genres

17. A table comparing the use of irony in three novels includes

incomplete data. What would improve its effectiveness?
A. Adding a title and subtitles for clarity
B. Removing the table altogether
C. Using only illustrations instead
D. Highlighting unrelated aspects of the text

18./ Assess the effectiveness of a graph showing character

appearances by chapter in explaining the protagonist's role.
A. It is effective if the protagonist’s appearances dominate the
graph.
B. It is ineffective unless it lists all dialogue.
C. It is effective only if supported by a map.
D. It is irrelevant to character analysis.

19. Which title, subtitle, and illustration would best fit a story about
courage in war?
A. Title: “The Battlefield” / Subtitle: “Stories of Valor” /
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
086- 214-2723
www.sdssu.edu.ph
Illustration: Soldiers charging into battle
B. Title: “Lost in the Woods” / Subtitle: “A Tale of Nature” / Illustration:
A dense forest
C. Title: “Urban Chaos” / Subtitle: “A City at War” / Illustration: Tall
buildings
D. Title: “Desert Storm” / Subtitle: “A Tale of Drought” / Illustration: A
barren landscape

20. You are tasked with designing a textual aid for analyzing themes
in dystopian novels. Which would you use?
A. A bar graph comparing the frequency of dystopian elements
B. A map showing where the novels were written
C. A timeline of publication years for dystopian books
D. A pie chart of genres unrelated to dystopian literature

F. Additional Activity Assignment

Directions: Select a short story, novel excerpt, or poem you’ve read.
Think about one textual aid that could enhance your understanding or
appreciation of the work. Write a reflection about why this textual aid
would be helpful in deepening your engagement or understanding of the
story. Then, create a textual aid you described. (e.g., a title and subtitle,
a sketch of an illustration, or a simple table or graph). Do this in a one
whole sheet of paper.

Rubric:
Needs
Criteria Excellent (5) Good (4) Satisfactory (3) Improvement (2-
1)
Insightful
Clear explanation, Some
explanation of Minimal or unclear
with minor lapses explanation, but
how the textual explanation with
Reflection in depth or lacks depth or
aid deepens little relevance to
connection to the connection to the
engagement and the aid or text.
text. textual aid.
understanding.
Creative and well- Relevant and Some relevance, Incomplete,
Textual Aid designed, highly clear, but could but lacks clarity or unclear, or
Example relevant to the use more connection to the unrelated to the
chosen text. creativity or detail. text. chosen text.

Prepared by:

EUNNA F. DEDASE
BSED-ENGLISH 2

Checked and Approved by:

CLARISSE S. LOAYON STEVEN CARL M . SILAGAN REVELYN G. ENDEREZ

Instructor Instructor Instructor