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Design Principles and Patterns

The document outlines essential design principles and patterns that enhance software engineering by promoting modularity, simplicity, reusability, and user-centered design. It emphasizes the importance of inclusive and accessible design to accommodate diverse user needs and improve user satisfaction. Additionally, it provides real-world applications of design patterns, such as MVC and microservices architecture, to illustrate their effectiveness in creating scalable and maintainable systems.

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kayebright120
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6 views

Design Principles and Patterns

The document outlines essential design principles and patterns that enhance software engineering by promoting modularity, simplicity, reusability, and user-centered design. It emphasizes the importance of inclusive and accessible design to accommodate diverse user needs and improve user satisfaction. Additionally, it provides real-world applications of design patterns, such as MVC and microservices architecture, to illustrate their effectiveness in creating scalable and maintainable systems.

Uploaded by

kayebright120
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN

PRINCIPLES & PATTERNS


OVERVIEW
Design principles and patterns form the
backbone of effective software engineering
by providing guidelines and reusable
solutions to common design challenges.

Understanding these concepts not only leads


to the creation of robust, maintainable, and
scalable systems, but also helps ensure that
applications meet users’ diverse needs.
CORE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD DESIGN
At the heart of good design lie system core principles. These principles ensure that
software systems remain flexible and efficient over time, laying a solid foundation for
complex projects
• Modularity
⚬ Breaking the system into independent, interchangeable
components promotes maintainability and scalability
• Simplicity
⚬ A simpler design is easier to understand, test, and modify,
reducing the likelihood of errors
• Reusability
⚬ Designing components with reusability in mind allows them
to be applied across multiple projects, saving time and
resources
CORE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD DESIGN
At the heart of good design lie system core principles. These principles ensure that
software systems remain flexible and efficient over time, laying a solid foundation for
complex projects

• Separation of Concerns
⚬ Dividing a system into distinct sections that handle
different tasks minimizes interdependencies and enhances
clarity
• Scalability
⚬ A well-designed system can accommodate growth, whether
in terms of user load, functionality, or data volume
OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARE
DESIGN PATTERNS
Software design patterns provide standard solutions to
recurring design problems. They offer a common vocabulary
for developers and help create systems that are easier to
understand and maintain. Common design patterns include:

• Creational Patterns (e.g. Singleton, Factory)


⚬ These patterns abstract the instantiation process,
making the system independent of how its objects are
created
• Structural Patterns (e.g. Adapter, Composite, Decorator)
⚬ These patterns deal with object composition, allowing
systems to be structured flexibly
OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARE
DESIGN PATTERNS
Software design patterns provide standard solutions to
recurring design problems. They offer a common vocabulary
for developers and help create systems that are easier to
understand and maintain. Common design patterns include:

• Behavioral Patterns (e.g. Observer, Strategy, Command)


⚬ These Focus on communication between objects,
facilitating the flow of control in a system
• Architectural Patterns (e.g. Model-View-Controller,
Microservices)
⚬ These patterns define the high-level structure of a
system and dictate how components interact
USER-CENTERED DESIGN PRINCIPLES
User-centered design (UCD) places the needs, preferences, and limitations of end
users at the forefront of the design process. The goal is to create software that is not
only functional but also enjoyable and easy to use, ultimately leading to higher user
satisfaction and engagement. This approach involves:

• User Research
⚬ Gathering insights about user behaviors, preferences, and pain
points
• Iterative Design
⚬ Continuously refining prototypes based on user feedback
• Usability Testing
⚬ Ensuring that the design is intuitive and meets user expectations
• Feedback Loops
⚬ Engaging with users throughout the development process to
validate design decisions
INCLUSIVE AND ACCESSIBLE
(Aligned with SDG 10)
Inclusive design aims to accommodate a diverse range of users, including
those with disabilities or those from different cultural bachgrounds. Accessible
design is a key component of this, ensuring that everyone can use the software
regardless of their physical or cognitive abilities. Key practices include:
• Adhering to Standards
⚬ Following guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility
Guidelines (WCAG) to ensure accessible interfaces
• Multiple Modalities
⚬ Providing alternatives such as text-to-speech, keyboard
navigation, and adjustable fonts for users with different needs
• User Testing with Diverse Groups
⚬ Involving users from various demographics in the testing phase
to uncover and address potential accessibility issues
Aligning with SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), inclusive design not only makes software more accessible but
also promotes social equity by ensuring that technology benefits all segments of society.
APPLICATION
In practice, the application of design patterns can
dramatically improve the quality and maintainability
of a system. For example:

OF DESIGN • MVC in Web Application


⚬ Popular platforms like Instagram and Netflix use
the MVC pattern to separate concerns -

PATTERNS IN organizing data (Model), user interface (View),


and user interactions (Controller) for improved
scalability and ease of maintenance

REAL-WORLD • Observer Pattern in Event-Driven Systems


⚬ The Observer patter is widely used in applications
that require real-time updates, such as

SCENARIOS
notification systems and live feeds, allowing
objects to communicate changes efficiently
In practice, the application of design patterns can

APPLICATION dramatically improve the quality and maintainability


of a system. For example:

OF DESIGN
• Microservices Architecture
⚬ Employed by companies like Amazon and Netflix,
microservices break down large applications into

PATTERNS IN
smaller, independently deployable services. This
improves scalability, fault tolerance, and the ability to
deploy updates without affecting the entire system
• Inclusive Design Practices

REAL-WORLD ⚬ E-commerce platforms often implement accessibility


features such as keyboard navigation and screen
reader compatibility to serve users with disabilities,

SCENARIOS demonstrating the practical application of user-


centered and inclusive design principles
THANKS FOR
LISTENING

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