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Lesson 3 Normal Distribution 2

The document introduces normal random variables and the properties of normal distribution, emphasizing the characteristics of the normal curve and its applications in statistics. It outlines objectives for students to understand normal distribution, identify areas under the curve, and compute probabilities using the standard normal table. Additionally, it provides examples and practice problems to reinforce the concepts learned.

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Niña Lee Magdale Galarpe
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10 views28 pages

Lesson 3 Normal Distribution 2

The document introduces normal random variables and the properties of normal distribution, emphasizing the characteristics of the normal curve and its applications in statistics. It outlines objectives for students to understand normal distribution, identify areas under the curve, and compute probabilities using the standard normal table. Additionally, it provides examples and practice problems to reinforce the concepts learned.

Uploaded by

Niña Lee Magdale Galarpe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO NORMAL

RANDOM VARIABLE
AND FINDING AREAS UNDER
NORMAL CURVE
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. Determine the properties of a normal distribution


2. Identify regions under the normal curve corresponding to
different standard normal values.
3. Compute probabilities and percentiles using the standard
normal table.
PREREQUISITE ASSESSMENT
Find the mean, standard deviation, and variance in
the sample data set given below:
Answer
Mean: 21.0
a) 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 SD: 7.48
Variance: 56.0
Answer
Mean: 21.0
b) 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135 SD: 7.48
Variance: 56.0
Is the curve familiar to you? Is this the correct way of representing normal distribution?
Why?
What does the curve represent?
It manifests a statistical fact
of life: that people, things,
and events tend to gravitate
around the normal.

A few are exceptionally tall


and about as few are very
short. The rest are wedged in
between the distinct classes.

Normal distribution describes many sets of quantitative data such as some of the human features
which include height, weight, IQ level, blood pressure, marks on a test, among others. Living
things have characteristics that can also be modeled with the normal distribution such as the
lifespan of insects and the growth of crops.
DEFINITION OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The standard deviation (scale


parameter) measure of how
spread out numbers are from the
The normal curve is shaped
mean.
like the cross-section of a bell
and is centered at the mean
(location parameter).
CHARACTERISTICS OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

What have you observed with


What does the graph look like when
the given illustration?
the standard deviation is equal to
zero?
• The higher standard deviation,
the more data spread out/
further from the mean.
• The lower standard deviation,
the data are clustered tightly
around the mean
CHARACTERISTICS OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

50% 50%
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE
The z-value (z-score) is a measure of relative standing, with respect to the random
variable X. It represents the distance between a given measurement X and the mean,
expressed in standard deviations.

Steps in finding the areas under the normal curve with respect to a z-value:

1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit form (up to hundredths place).
2. Find the first two digits on the left column of the z-table.
3. Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right.
4. Find the intersection of the row and the column.

Note: There are several types of z-table. In this lesson, we will be using the cumulative
distribution of the z-table. The cumulative distribution is denoted by φ(z)=P(Z<z).
Negative z-scores Positive z-scores
FINDING THE AREA OF A GIVEN NORMAL RANDOM VARIABLE
•
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
Computing Probabilities under the
Normal Curve
Case 1: If the given probability has no exact
corresponding z-score, select a z-score with an area
closest to the given probability

Case 2: It happens that the given probability is in the


middle (or has the same distances) of areas located in
z-table, you will compute for the average of the
corresponding z-scores of those areas
SOLVING PROBLEMS ON NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION WITH CONVERSION OF RAW
SCORES TO Z-SCORES
EXAMPLE

In a job fair, 3000


applicants applied for
a job. Their mean age
was found to be 28
with a standard
deviation of 4 years.
How many applicants
are below 20 years
old?
EXAMPLE

It is found out that the


mean score of the
students in a
Mathematics Final Exam
is 32 and standard
deviation σ = 2. What
percentage of the scores
is between 30 and 35?
EXAMPLE
Maria scored 90 in her Statistics
test and 70 in her General
Mathematics test. Scores in the
Statistics test have a mean of 80
and a standard deviation of 10.
Scores in the Gen Math test have
a mean of 60 and a standard
deviation of 8. In which subject
was her standing better Maria has a better standing in her General Mathematics
assuming that the scores in her because she has a bigger z-score in Gen Math than
Statistics and Gen Math class are Statistics.

normally distributed?
LET’S PRACTICE!

FIND THE CORRESPONDING AREA.


1. P(0 < Z< 1.96)
2. P(Z > 0.82)
3. P(Z < 3.14)
4. P(Z < -1.06 OR Z > 3.10)

One year, many college-bound high school seniors in the U.S. took
the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). For the verbal portion of this
test, the mean was 425 and the standard deviation was 110. Based
on this information what percentage of the students would be
expected to score between 350 and 550?
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. Determine the properties of a normal distribution


2. Identify regions under the normal curve corresponding to
different standard normal values.
3. Compute probabilities and percentiles using the standard
normal table.

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