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Inheritance Slides

The document provides an overview of inheritance in object-oriented programming (OOP), detailing its definition, advantages, types, and categories. It explains access modifiers and their impact on member visibility in derived classes, as well as the concepts of function overriding and overloading. Additionally, it outlines five categories of inheritance: single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance.

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36 views52 pages

Inheritance Slides

The document provides an overview of inheritance in object-oriented programming (OOP), detailing its definition, advantages, types, and categories. It explains access modifiers and their impact on member visibility in derived classes, as well as the concepts of function overriding and overloading. Additionally, it outlines five categories of inheritance: single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance.

Uploaded by

msajjadjr1246
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INHERITANCE

Muhammad Farooq
MAIN TOPICS

What is Inheritance?
Advantages
Types of Inheritance/Access modifiers
Categories of Inheritance
Function over-riding
INHERITANCE
Inheritance is the Key feature of OOP
The process of creating new classes from the existing classes is called
inheritance
Existing classes: are called
⚫ Parent or
⚫ Base or
⚫ Super classes

New classes: are called


⚫ Child or
⚫ Derived or
⚫ Sub classes

Need: Reusability
The derived class inherits some of the features from the base class
and can have additional features of its own.
private
Base Class
protected

public

Derived Class
protected

public
private

Base Class protected

public

private
protected Derived class members

Derived public
Class
protected Derived from Base
class
public
•Student
•Rollo
•Name
•subjects Base Class

•Student
•Discipline
•Rollo Derived
•Name
•subjects Class
•Animal
•Four legs Base Class
•Hair on body

Derived
•Vertebrates
•Have Backbone Class
SYNTAX

class Subclass_name : access_mode Superclass_name

Example
Class A : public class B
Output

Main function
Derived function
5
EXAMPLE
class Animal
{
public:
int legs = 4;
};

// Dog class inheriting Animal class


class Dog : public Animal
{
public:
int tail = 1;
};

int main()
{
Dog d;
cout << d.legs;
cout << d.tail;
ACCESS MODIFIERS
VISIBILITY OF CLASS MEMBERS

Depending on Access modifier used while inheritance,


the availability of class members of Super class in the
sub class changes.

It can either be
⚫ private
⚫ protected
⚫ public
1) PUBLIC INHERITANCE
This is the most used inheritance mode. In this
the protected member of super class becomes
protected members of sub class and public
becomes public.

class Subclass : public Superclass


2) PRIVATE INHERITANCE
In private mode, the protected and public
members of super class become private members
of derived class.
class Subclass : Superclass // By default its
private inheritance
3) PROTECTED INHERITANCE
In protected mode, the public and protected
members of Super class becomes protected
members of Sub class.

class subclass : protected Superclass


TABLE SHOWING ALL THE VISIBILITY MODES
Private mode

Base class Derived class

Used by
Protecte functions
d Private
+
Public

Protected mode

Derived class
Base class
Used by
functions
Protecte
Protecte
d
d
+
Public
Public mode

Base class Derived class

Used by
Protecte Protecte functions
d d
Public

Used by
Derived class
Base class object

Public Public
SUMMARY
Private members of base class can not be used by
derived class
Protected members of base class can be used by
derived class
Public members of base class can be used by
derived class using object
C++ FUNCTION OVERRIDING

If both base class and derived class have a


member function with same name and
arguments (number and type of arguments).
If we create an object of the derived class and call
the member function which exists in both classes
(base and derived)
the member function of the derived class is
invoked and the function of the base class is
ignored.
The Base class function is overridden by derived
class function
This feature in C++ is known as function
overriding.
HOW TO ACCESS THE OVERRIDDEN FUNCTION IN
THE BASE CLASS FROM THE DERIVED CLASS?

To access the overridden function of the base


class from the derived class/main function, scope
resolution operator :: is used.

int main()
{
B obj;
obj.A::show();
obj.show();
}
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
FUNCTION OVERLOADING & FUNCTION OVERRIDING

S.No Overloading overriding


1 No need Inheritance Need Inheritance
2 Different return type and Same return type and list of
list of parameters parameters
3 In same scope In different scope
4 Example of compile-time Example of run-time
polymorphism polymorphism
FUNCTION OVERLOADING VS FUNCTION OVERRIDING

Inheritance: Overriding of functions occurs when one class is


inherited from another class. Overloading can occur without
inheritance.

Function Signature: Overloaded functions must differ in


function signature ie either number of parameters or type of
parameters should differ. In overriding, function signatures
must be same.

Scope of functions: Overridden functions are in different


scopes; whereas overloaded functions are in same scope.

Behavior of functions: Overriding is needed when derived


class function has to do some added or different job than the
base class function. Overloading is used to have same name
functions which behave differently depending upon parameters
passed to them.
CATEGORIES OF INHERITANCE
There are 5 different types of inheritance

1. Single Inheritance
2. Multiple Inheritance
3. Multilevel Inheritance
4. Hierarchical Inheritance
5. Hybrid (Virtual) Inheritance
SINGLE INHERITANCE

A derived class with only one base class is


called single inheritance.
SINGLE INHERITANCE

Single inheritance represents a form of


inheritance when there is only one base class and
one derived class.
For example, a class describes a Person:
class A
{
... .. ...
};
class B: public A
{
... .. ...
};
MULTIPLE INHERITANCE.

A derived class with multiple base class is


called multiple inheritance.
MULTIPLE INHERITANCE
a class can be derived from more than one
parents.
For example: A class Bat is derived from base
classes Mammal and WingedAnimal.
It makes sense because bat is a mammal as well
as a winged animal.
class A
{
... .. ...
};
class B
{
... .. ...
};
class C: public A, public B
{
... .. ...
};
MULTILEVEL INHERITANCE

A derived class with one base class and that base


class is a derived class of another is
called multilevel inheritance.
class A
{
... .. ...
};
class B: public A
{
... .. ...
};
class C: public B
{
... .. ...
};
HIERARCHICAL INHERITANCE

Multiple derived classes with same base class is


called hierarchical inheritance.
Opposite of Multiple Inheritance
class A
{
... .. ...
};
class B: public A
{
... .. ...
};
class C: public A
{
... .. ...
};
HYBRID/VIRTUAL INHERITANCE

Combination of multiple and hierarchical


inheritance is called hybrid inheritance.
class A
{
... .. ...
};
class B
{
... .. ...
};
class C: public A, public B
{
... .. ...
};
class D: public C
{
... .. ...
};
class E: public C
{
... .. ...
};

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