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C++ Structures (Struct)

C++ structures (structs) allow the grouping of related variables of different data types into a single unit. Structures can be declared using the 'struct' keyword, and their members can be accessed using dot syntax. Named structures can be treated as data types, enabling the creation of multiple variables based on the same structure definition.

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25 views9 pages

C++ Structures (Struct)

C++ structures (structs) allow the grouping of related variables of different data types into a single unit. Structures can be declared using the 'struct' keyword, and their members can be accessed using dot syntax. Named structures can be treated as data types, enabling the creation of multiple variables based on the same structure definition.

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Elton horacio Fernando
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C++ Structures (struct)


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C++ Structures
Structures (also called structs) are a way to group several related variables into one
place. Each variable in the structure is known as a member of the structure.

Unlike an array, a structure can contain many different data types (int, string, bool,
etc.).

Create a Structure
To create a structure, use the struct keyword and declare each of its members
inside curly braces.

After the declaration, specify the name of the structure variable (myStructure in the
example below):

struct { // Structure declaration


int myNum; // Member (int variable)
string myString; // Member (string variable)
} myStructure; // Structure variable

Access Structure Members


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To access members of a structure, use the dot syntax ( . ):


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Example
Assign data to members of a structure and print it:

// Create a structure variable called myStructure


struct {
int myNum;
string myString;
} myStructure;

// Assign values to members of myStructure


myStructure.myNum = 1;
myStructure.myString = "Hello World!";

// Print members of myStructure


cout << myStructure.myNum << "\n";
cout << myStructure.myString << "\n";

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One Structure in Multiple Variables


You can use a comma ( , ) to use one structure in many variables:

struct {
int myNum;
string myString;
} myStruct1, myStruct2, myStruct3; // Multiple structure variables
separated with commas

This example shows how to use a structure in two different variables:

Example
Use one structure to represent two cars:
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struct {
Tutorials 
string brand;
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string model;
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int year;
} myCar1, myCar2; // We can add variables by separating them with a comma
here

// Put data into the first structure


myCar1.brand = "BMW";
myCar1.model = "X5";
myCar1.year = 1999;

// Put data into the second structure


myCar2.brand = "Ford";
myCar2.model = "Mustang";
myCar2.year = 1969;

// Print the structure members


cout << myCar1.brand << " " << myCar1.model << " " << myCar1.year << "\n";
cout << myCar2.brand << " " << myCar2.model << " " << myCar2.year << "\n";

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Named Structures
By giving a name to the structure, you can treat it as a data type. This means that
you can create variables with this structure anywhere in the program at any time.

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To create a named structure, put the name of the structure right after the struct
 keyword:
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struct myDataType { // This structure is named "myDataType"


int myNum;
string myString;
};

To declare a variable that uses the structure, use the name of the structure as the
data type of the variable:

myDataType myVar;

Example
Use one structure to represent two cars:

// Declare a structure named "car"


struct car {
string brand;
string model;
int year;
};

int main() {
// Create a car structure and store it in myCar1;
car myCar1;
myCar1.brand = "BMW";
myCar1.model = "X5";
myCar1.year = 1999;

// Create another car structure and store it in myCar2;


car myCar2;
myCar2.brand = "Ford";
myCar2.model = "Mustang";
myCar2.year = 1969;

// Print the structure members


cout << myCar1.brand << " " << myCar1.model << " " << myCar1.year <<
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"\n";
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<< myCar2.brand Services
<< " " << 
myCar2.model <<  My W3Schools
" " << myCar2.year <<
"\n";
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return 0;
}

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