H

FOR OFFICIAL USE

National
Qualications Mark
2022 MODIFIED
X816/76/01 Computing Science

MONDAY, 30 MAY
1:30 PM – 3:30 PM *X8167601*

Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below.

Full name of centre Town

Forename(s) Surname Number of seat

Date of birth
Day Month Year Scottish candidate number

Total marks — 80
SECTION 1 — Software design and development, and Computer systems — 55 marks
Attempt ALL questions.
Attempt EITHER Section 2 OR Section 3
SECTION 2 — Database design and development — 25 marks
SECTION 3 — Web design and development — 25 marks
You may use a calculator.
Show all workings.
Write your answers clearly in the spaces provided in this booklet. Additional space for answers is
provided at the end of this booklet. If you use this space you must clearly identify the question
number you are attempting.
Use blue or black ink.
Before leaving the examination room you must give this booklet to the
Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.
©

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SECTION 1 — SOFTWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT, AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS
— 55 marks
Attempt ALL questions

1. Two’s complement can be used to represent positive and negative integers.

State the range of denary values that can be represented using 32‑bit two’s
complement. 2

2. Write the following binary number using floating‑point representation.

−111 0000 1111.0101

There are 16 bits for the mantissa (including the sign bit) and 8 bits for the
exponent. 3
Space for working

mantissa exponent
sign

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3. LottoScot has a logo shown below in diagram 1. They want to change the logo to
the one in diagram 2.

LottoScot LottoScot

Diagram 1 Diagram 2

In diagram 2 the rectangle has been moved forward.

Explain the advantage of making this change using a vector graphic application
compared to a bit‑mapped graphic application. 2

4. Explain why a processor with larger cache would outperform an identical processor
with smaller cache. 2

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5. A mathematician has written a program to generate the first six numbers in a
mathematical sequence. The next number in the sequence is the sum of the
previous two numbers. For example, if the sequence starts with

5,7, . . .

Then the first six numbers of the sequence would be

5, 7, 12, 19, 31, 50

The following code has been developed to generate the sequence of six numbers.

…
Line 10 DECLARE sequence INITIALLY [0,0,0,0,0,0]
Line 11 SET sequence[0] TO 5
Line 12 SET sequence[1] TO 7
Line 13 FOR n FROM 2 TO 5 DO
Line 14 SET sequence[n] TO sequence[n] + sequence[n-1]
Line 15 END FOR
…

(a) A logic error in the code means that an incorrect sequence is generated. The
trace table below shows the line numbers where a variable has changed.

Line Number sequence n

10 [0,0,0,0,0,0]

11 [5,0,0,0,0,0]

12 A

13 2

14 B

13 3

14 C

State the missing values at A, B and C. 3

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5. (continued)

(b) Re‑write Line 14 of the code to generate the correct sequence. 2

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6. An online game stores a player’s unique ID, their total score and the number of
minutes they have played the game. The game also stores three attributes for the
player which are speed, strength and agility.

Zodiac83
Score – 547063
Playing time – 361.45 minutes
Speed – 17
Strength – 19
Agility – 13

Throughout gameplay the player’s score and playing time are updated.

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6. (continued)

(a) At the end of each week, the player with the highest score is rewarded with an
upgrade to one of their three attributes.
If more than one player has the same score, then the player who has been
playing for the shortest time is rewarded.
The design for this part of the program is shown below.

Find player
to upgrade

Initialise Loop for Return position of

variables each player highest score

Is current
score >
highest score?
Yes
Set position to
current index

Explain why a program produced from this design would not be fit for purpose. 1

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(b) The game stores the following details for each player:
• unique ID
• score
• the number of minutes they have played the game
• speed
• strength
• agility.

A sample of data is shown below.

…
Zodiac83, 547063, 361.45, 17, 19, 13
Thrasher05, 176491, 175.12, 15, 25, 14
Knuckles45, 92543, 63.42, 16, 14, 21
…
(i) Using a programming language of your choice, define a suitable record
data structure to store the data. 2

(ii) There are currently 10 000 registered players in the game.

Using a programming language of your choice, declare a variable that can
store the data for the 10 000 players. Your answer should include the
record data structure defined in part (i). 2

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6. (continued)

(c) All players whose playing time is over 500 minutes will have their speed
increased by 3.
Using a programming language of your choice, write the code to implement
this. Your answer should use the record data structure from part (b) (i). 4

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6. (continued)

(d) The program is implemented using sub‑programs to help to make the code
maintainable.
Describe two other benefits of creating modular code. 2

(e) As part of the program’s comprehensive test plan each sub‑program was tested
individually.
Describe one benefit of having a comprehensive test plan. 1

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7. An app can be used to record two players’ scores on a 9 hole mini‑golf course.
A player wins a hole if they have fewer shots than their opponent. For example,
Claire has won the first hole taking only two shots compared to Tina’s four shots.
After nine holes, Claire has won four holes and Tina has won two.

Player A Player B
Claire Tina
Hole 1 2 4
Hole 2 3 4
Hole 3 2 3
Hole 4 4 2
Hole 5 6 2
Hole 6 2 2
Hole 7 3 3
Hole 8 1 3
Hole 9 4 4

Claire has won the most holes

Claire has 1 hole(s)‑in‑one

Tina has 0 hole(s)‑in‑one

Both players’ names and their nine scores are entered.

The app displays the name of the player who wins the most holes or a message
stating the game has been drawn if the number of holes won is the same.

(a) One boundary of this app is that the app is for games between exactly two
players.
State two other boundaries for this app. 2

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7. (continued)

(b) The top‑level design of the main steps of the program is shown below.
Complete the diagram to show the data flow for the program. 2

Mini-Golf Program

Get player Calculate result and Find and display

names and display winner’s name or hole(s)-in-one for
scores display draw message each player

playerAname
playerBname
playerAscores()
playerBscores()

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7. (continued)

(c) Using a design technique of your choice, refine the following step. 6

Calculate result and

display winner’s name or
display draw message

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7. (continued)

(d) A hole‑in‑one is achieved when a player completes the hole by taking just one
shot.
The app counts and displays the number of holes-in-one for a player. Below is
the code used to implement this feature. When tested the code was found to
contain errors.

…
Line 201 FUNCTION holesInOne (ARRAY OF INTEGER scores)
RETURNS INTEGER
Line 202 DECLARE noHolesInOne INITIALLY 0

Line 203 FOR index FROM 0 TO 8 DO

Line 204 IF scores[index] = 1 THEN
Line 205 SET noHolesInOne TO noHolesInOne + 1
Line 206 END IF
Line 207 END FOR

Line 208 RETURN noHolesInOne

Line 209 END FUNCTION
…
Line 258 SEND playerAname & " has scored " &
holesInOne(playerAname, playerAscores) &
" hole(s)‑in‑one" TO DISPLAY
…
(i) There is an error at the function call.
Describe the error. 1

(ii) Using a programming language of your choice, correct the error

described in part (i). 1

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7. (continued)

(e) Programmers have control over the scope of a variable when writing code.
Describe how the position of the declaration of a variable, within code,
determines its scope. 2

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8. A game displays a picture and the user is asked to spell the matching word by
entering letters.
When a correct letter is entered by the user the letter is filled into the correct
box(es).
The game displays the number of letters that the user has already guessed.
The user is able to get a hint. Once the correct letters have been entered a
message of congratulations is displayed.

SPELL IT
Letters Guessed
0/26

Get a hint Enter

(a) Describe two processes of this game. 2

Process 1

Process 2

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(b) The first level of the game uses words that are three letters long. These words
are stored in a text file called threeLetters.txt.
Using a design technique of your choice, design a program to read in this file,
pick one of the words at random and assign it to a variable called
chosenWord. 4

(c) As the game progresses the words get longer and users can get hints from the
game.
Using a programming language of your choice, write code to:
(i) assign the variable hintOne the first letter of the word stored in the
chosenWord variable. 1

(ii) assign the variable hintTwo a random letter from the word stored in the
chosenWord variable. 2

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(d) When the user enters a letter they have not already chosen, this is stored in an
array called usedLetters. The number of letters stored in the array is
increased by one and is stored in a variable called numLetters.
For example:

Values
usedLetters ["D", "Z", "R", "B", "",
"", "", "", "", "", "", "",
"", "", "", "", "", "", "",
"", "", "", "", "", "", ""]

numLetters 4

If the user enters a letter already stored in the array usedLetters an error
message is displayed. The user is asked to try again until they enter a letter
that is not already stored in this array.
Using a programming language of your choice, write the code to implement
this feature. 6

[END OF SECTION 1]

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Attempt ALL questions MARGIN

9. Cara runs a private tutoring company for Computing Science students.

Cara requires a relational database to:
• store data on students, tutors and sessions
• display the contact details for a particular tutor or student
• display the number of sessions for a particular date
• display the total fees that each tutor has been paid
• display the tutor who charges the lowest hourly rate.

(a) State one functional requirement of the relational database. 1

(b) Cara has created a relational database that uses three tables.

Student Tutor Session

studentID tutorID sessionID
studentName tutorName sessionDate
studentAddress tutorAddress sessionTime
studentContactNo tutorContactNo duration
hourlyRate tutorID*
studentID*

Draw an entity‑relationship diagram to show the relationships that exist in this

database.
Your answer should show the entity names and cardinality. Attributes are not
required on the diagram. 2

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10. A swimming club uses a database to store details of swimmers and their times in a
50 metres swim. A sample of the data stored in the Swimmer table is shown below.

Swimmer

swimmerNo swimmer squad time

001 M Marston Dolphins1A 30.25

002 S Cochrane Dolphins2A 25.75

003 L Richards Dolphins1B 30.23

004 F Qazi Dolphins2A 35.45

005 R Mirza Dolphins1A 28.15

006 J Smith Sharks1A 29.35

007 L Pascal Sharks2A 32.25

008 F McDonald Sharks1B 31.45

009 T Madison Sharks2B 36.54

010 M Johnston Sharks1B 39.15

011 M Davidson Sharks1A 29.45

012 Z Habib Dolphins1A 25.45

013 K Patel Sharks1B 33.76

… … … …

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10. (continued)

The head coach would like to produce a report displaying the slowest and fastest
times from any of the squads with a ‘1’ in their name, as shown below.

squad Slowest Time Fastest Time

Dolphins1A 30.25 25.45

Dolphins1B 30.23 30.23

Sharks1A 29.45 29.35

Sharks1B 39.15 31.45

The following SQL statement is executed.

SELECT squad, MIN(time) AS [Slowest Time], MAX(time) AS

[Fastest Time]
FROM Swimmer
WHERE squad LIKE "1"

When tested, the actual output did not match the expected output.
Identify the three errors in the above SQL statement. 3

Error 1

Error 2

Error 3

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11. Perfect Eyes is an optician that has branches throughout Scotland. It uses a
relational database consisting of three linked tables to store data about customers,
opticians and specialist referrals.
Extracts from the three tables are shown below.

Customer

customerID opticianID forename surname loyaltyPoints address town

AW3212 KM101 Amy Wilson 24 8 Pelken Road Paisley

JP2323 CS878 Joyce Peden 47 42 Bewston Road Ayr

JS9767 KM101 Julia Smith 77 32 Bracken Road Paisley

KC1123 MS221 Katy Carenduff 11 12 Main Street Melrose

LL3234 CS878 Robin Li 51 21 Manse Court Largs

MR8766 JS232 Margaret Rennie 73 63 Royal Crescent Dalry

SR7123 CS878 Steven Rycroft 50 22 Markston Place Ayr

… … … … … … …

Optician

opticianID opticianName opticianAddress opticianTown

KM101 Mr K Madhok South Road Paisley

KM321 Mr M Ali Main Road Troon

MS221 Mrs M Saunders St Dunstan’s Park Melrose

… … … …

Referral

referralID customerID referralDate specialist

P12121 AW3212 12/02/2022 Gerard McGowan Eye Clinic

H92743 HS3433 14/02/2022 JK Optometrist

CXR222 JP2323 28/04/2022 Eye Clinic at Newmains

U32349 JS9767 26/04/2022 Gerard McGowan Eye Clinic

… … … …

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11. (continued)

A query is required to list customers who were referred in April 2022 to any
specialist that includes ‘Eye Clinic’ in its name. The list should be displayed with the
most recent referral date first, as shown below.

forename surname referralDate specialist

Joyce Peden 28/04/2022 Eye Clinic at Newmains

Julia Smith 26/04/2022 Gerard McGowan Eye Clinic

Margaret Rennie 01/04/2022 University Hospital Eye Clinic

(a) Complete the design of a query to produce this output. 3

Field(s) and forename, surname, referralDate,

calculation(s) specialist

Tables(s)

Search criteria

Grouping

Sort order referralDate DESC

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11. (continued)

(b) Perfect Eyes wants to know which customers have more than the average
loyalty points.
(i) Write the SQL statement to display the average loyalty points of the
customers, as shown below. 2

Average Points

38.4

(ii) The query from part (i) is saved as ‘AvgPointsQuery’. Using this query,
complete the SQL statement to display the customers who have more than
the average loyalty points, in order from highest to lowest as shown below. 4

forename surname loyaltyPoints opticianName

Julia Smith 77 Mr K Madhok

Margaret Rennie 73 Mr M Ali

Robin Li 51 Miss C Srigor

Steven Rycroft 50 Miss C Srigor

… … … …

SELECT forename, surname, loyaltyPoints, opticianName

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12. A car dealership uses a relational database to store the following information in
three tables as shown below.

CarSale Customer SalesPerson

saleID customerNo salesPersonRef
carReg firstName salesPersonName
dateIn surname
year contactNo
mileage
askingPrice
sold
dateSold
salesPersonRef*
customerNo*
soldPrice

(a) When the CarSale table was originally designed, it was suggested that a
compound key could have been used.
Explain why a compound key would not have been suitable for the CarSale
table. 1

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(b) Sample data from the CarSale table is shown below.

CarSale
saleID carReg dateIn year mileage askingPrice sold dateSold salesPersonRef custNo soldPrice
001 KS17 SDD 17/07/2019 2017 2400 15305 Yes 19/09/2019 GA001 1234 14000
002 DD15 LDX 11/10/2019 2015 45512 6000 Yes 22/11/2019 AJ344 1234 5750
003 DG15 KJS 01/03/2021 2015 34069 5000 Yes 26/06/2021 AJ344 7001 4800
004 KS19 AZX 14/08/2021 2019 10033 13655 Yes 19/09/2021 AJ344 7747 13555
005 FF18 PMD 08/12/2021 2019 8238 10800 Yes 28/12/2021 SS002 5414 10500
006 LK16 JSS 07/03/2022 2016 45300 8500 No
007 EF18 FES 10/03/2022 2018 29178 11709 No
008 DD15 LDX 15/03/2022 2015 72130 5000 No
009 KP15 DDS 01/04/2022 2015 34444 7900 Yes 02/05/2022 GA001 3002 7800
010 KS17 SDD 01/04/2022 2017 22452 12000 No
011 PK17 YFK 22/04/2022 2017 19858 22663 No
012 FF17 EES 26/04/2022 2017 14469 10166 No
013 DS17 KRF 02/05/2022 2017 16113 14748 No
… … … … … … … … … … …

A customer would like to buy a car from the years 2017 or 2018. They want to
know the cheapest asking price of the 2017 and the 2018 cars that are
currently on sale.
This information is shown below.

year Cheapest Price

2017 10166

2018 11709

Complete the design of a query that will display the information as shown
above. 3

Field(s) and calculation(s)

Tables(s) CarSale

Search criteria

Grouping

Sort order year ASC

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(c) The manager would like to display a list of all cars that have been sold,
showing the price difference between the asking price and the sold price.
The list should look like this.

carReg salesPersonName askingPrice soldPrice Price Difference

KP15 DDS Daniel Avery 7900 7800 100
FF18 PMD Deanna Smith 10800 10500 300
KS19 AZX Hosea Jack 13655 13555 100
DD15 LDX Hosea Jack 6000 5750 250
DG15 KJS Hosea Jack 5000 4800 200
KS17 SDD Daniel Avery 15305 14000 1305
… … … … …

Write the SQL statement that would create this list. 4

(d) The asking price of all cars with mileage of 10 000 or less have to be increased
by 10%.
Write the SQL statement that would make these changes. 2

[END OF SECTION 2]

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SECTION 3 — WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT — 25 marks
Attempt ALL questions

13. HTML 5 elements have been used to define different parts of a web page shown
below.

Online Market Place

Online Market Place

Free | Express | Premium A
Delivery Options
You can choose a variety of delivery options from Free, Express
or Premium Delivery

Free Delivery
This level of standard delivery can take 5-7 working
days. It will be delivered on a Monday to Saturday.
No delivery slot can be selected.

Express Delivery
Express delivery can take 3-5 working days.
It will be delivered on a Monday to Saturday. B
A 4 hour delivery slot can be pre-selected.
If we cannot make this we will contact you.

Premium Delivery
Premium delivery will be delivered on the next
working day when possible.
A 1 hour delivery slot can be selected and you will
be provided with tracking information.

Contact Us
About Us
Log Out

© Online Market Place 2022

State which elements should be used for the parts labelled A and B. 2

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14. A recruitment agency website allows users to create a profile to detail their
employment history.
Once logged in users can update their employment history by adding the following
pieces of compulsory information: job title, job description, job type (full time,
part time or voluntary) and start date. An end date should only be provided when
they have left that job.
An example of the ‘Edit your profile’ page is shown below.

Edit your profile

Joe Smith
Job Title Kitchen Porter
Job Description Collect and wash up crockery.
Clean food prep areas and equipment.
Unload deliveries.
Job Type Full Time
Start Date 1/12/2020
End Date 6/1/2021

Job Title First Aid

Job Description First Aid cover at local events
Job Type Voluntary
Start Date 5/2/2021
End Date

Add New Job

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14. (continued)

Draw a wireframe for a form that would allow users to provide the information for
a new job. 4

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15. Kelly runs a company offering driving lessons.
She wants a website where users can view her profile page and from there directly
access individual pages about each of her instructors: Anne, Sarah, Jamal and
Eilidh. The website should also detail the courses offered, a frequently asked
questions page and a page where users can contact the company.
The multi‑level structure below was proposed.

Home page

About Kelly Courses Contact us Level 1

Anne Level 2

Sarah Level 3

Jamal Level 4

Eilidh Level 5

(a) Explain why this structure did not meet the requirements. 2

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15. (continued)

(b) The developers proposed an initial design for the ‘Contact us’ page.
The design is shown below.

Kelly’s Driving School

Welcome to Kelly’s Driving School

SiteLogo.jpg

Contact Us
If you have any questions or want to know
anything further please use the form below.

Quick Contact

Your Name

Submit

Contact Us
(c) Kelly’s Driving School

A low fidelity prototype was created from the wireframe above.

State two issues that should be identified from usability testing. 2

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15. (continued)

(c) The style rule for h1 headings is shown below.

h1 { font-family: Verdana;
text-align: center;}

All h2 and h3 elements should also be formatted using the rule above. All h2
elements should also have a 10 pixel padding.
Making use of a grouping selector where appropriate, write the CSS rules to
format the headings. 2

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15. (continued)

(d) On the ‘Courses’ page there are a large number of different course packages
that are offered. A sample of the HTML code used to implement this page is
shown below.

<h1>We offer varying courses including:</h1>

<ul>
<li>Beginners</li>
<li>Refresher</li>
</ul>

<h2>Course Details</h2>
<ol>
<li>Beginners Course</li>
<ul>
<li>Cost: £30 per lesson</li>
<li>Minimum Lessons: 2</li>
<li>Lesson Length: 1hr</li>
</ul>
<li>Refresher Course</li>
<ul>
<li>Cost: £25 per lesson</li>
<li>Minimum Lessons: 1</li>
<li>Lesson Length: 1.5 hr</li>
</ul>
</ol>

The CSS rules shown below are used to style the ‘Courses’ page.

ul { color: yellow ; }
ol ul li { color: blue ; }

Describe the effect of these CSS rules on this page. 2

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15. (continued)

(e) Kelly wants to add a tutorial page with videos and audio clips as shown in the
wireframe below.

Kelly’s Driving School

Tutorial Page Site Logo

Video Tutorials
Parallel Parking Moving Off Emergency Stop

Audio Tutorials
These verbal tutorials may also help

Parallel Parking Moving Off Emergency Stop

Contact Us
(c) Kelly’s Driving School

State two different compatibility tests that should be carried out on this page. 2

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16. An energy supplier’s website allows customers to log in and manage their account
online.

(a) They are redesigning their home page and want to implement the spacings
shown below.

30 pixels spacing

20 pixels spacing

Welcome to ScotEco energy. We are a new online energy supplier available to all residential
customers in Scotland.

We aim to offer 100% customer service and 100% renewable energy.

Using the partially completed code below, complete the CSS rules to
implement the appropriate spacing as shown above. 2

<style>
main { background-color: darkgrey;}
p { background-color: lightgrey;

;}
</style>

<main>
<p>Welcome to ScotEco energy. We are a new online
energy supplier available to all residential
customers in Scotland</p>

<p>We aim to offer 100% customer service and 100%

renewable energy.</p>
…

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16. (continued)

(b) A navigation bar will be included across the site.

Home Join Us

Complete the CSS rule that will change the colours to black and white if the
cursor moves over a link. 2

nav { height:40px; }
nav ul li { float:left;width:100px;text-align:center; }
nav ul li a { display:block;padding:10px; }

nav ul li ___________________{ __________________________;

; }

(c) One of the web pages uses multiple div elements as shown below.

<p>Tariff one</p>
<p>Tariff two</p>
<p>Tariff three</p>

They are to be displayed as shown below.

Tariff one Tariff two Tariff three

The CSS rule below is added.

p { display: inline ;}

Explain why this CSS rule displays the contents of the elements side by side. 1

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16. (continued)

(d) When an image, ‘question.jpg’, on the web page is clicked, it should display
the text:

‘For more help call us on 0800 300200’

The JavaScript code below does not correctly implement this feature.

<script>
function displayHelp(){
document.getElementById("display").style.display="block";
}
</script>

<p>For help please click on the icon below.</p>

<img src="question.jpg" >

<div id="help" style="display:none">

<p>For more help call us on 0800 300200</p>

</div>
…
(i) Re‑write the line of code which will use a JavaScript event to call the
function displayHelp when the image ‘question.jpg’ is clicked. 2

(ii) Explain why the text is still not displayed when the function
displayHelp is called. 1

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16. (continued)

All customers have electricity meters and some customers also have a gas meter.
The HTML code below allows the user to enter their meter readings.

…
<form>
…

Electricity Meter Reading <br>

<input type="number" name="electricity">

Gas Meter Reading <br>

<input type="number" name="gas">

<input type="submit">
…
</form>
…

(e) Re‑write the line of HTML code to ensure that a reading has been entered for
the electricity meter. 1

[END OF SECTION 3]

[END OF QUESTION PAPER]

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