1 SHEET 1 ■ Introduction

Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, and Units 1.72 A 25-mm-diameter shaft is pulled through a cylindri-
1.20 Water flows from a large drainage pipe at a rate of cal bearing as shown in Fig. P1.72. The lubricant that fills the
4500 L  min. What is this volume rate of flow in (a) m3s, 0.3-mm gap between the shaft and bearing is an oil having a kine-
matic viscosity of 8.0  10 4 m2s and a specific gravity of 0.91.


Measures of Fluid Mass and Weight Determine the force P required to pull the shaft at a velocity of
1.29 A hydrometer is used to measure the specific grav- 3 m/s. Assume the velocity distribution in the gap is linear.
ity of liquids. For a certain liquid, a hydrometer reading
indicates a specific gravity of 1.15. What is the liquid’s density Bearing Lubricant
and specific weight? Express your answer in SI units.
1.34 GO The information on a can of pop indicates that the can
P
contains 355 mL. The mass of a full can of pop is 0.369 kg, while Shaft
an empty can weighs 0.153 N. Determine the specific weight, den-
sity, and specific gravity of the pop and compare your results with
the corresponding values for water at 20 °C. Express your results
in SI units.
0.5 m
1.37 A liquid when poured into a graduated cylinder is found to
weigh 8 N when occupying a volume of 500 ml (milliliters). De- 1.73 A piston having a diameter of 13.92 cm. and a length of
termine its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. 24.13 cm. slides downward with a velocity V through a vertical
pipe. The downward motion is resisted by an oil film between the
piston and the pipe wall. The film thickness is 0.005 cm., and
1.41 If 1 cup of cream having a density of 1005 kg/m3 is the cylinder weighs 0.23kg . Estimate V if the oil viscosity is
turned into 3 cups of whipped cream, determine the specific grav- 0.766N.s/m2. Assume the velocity distribution in the gap is linear.
ity and specific weight of the whipped cream.
1.74 A 10-kg block slides down a smooth inclined sur-
face as shown in Fig. P1.74. Determine the terminal velocity of
the block if the 0.1-mm gap between the block and the surface
Ideal Gas Law contains SAE 30 oil at 15 °C. Assume the velocity distribution
1.43 A tire having a volume of 0.081 m3 contains air at a gage pres- in the gap is linear, and the area of the block in contact with
sure of 180 kPa and a temperature of 21 °C.. Determine the density the oil is 0.1 m 2.
of the air and the weight of the air contained in the tire. 0.1 mm gap
V
20°
1.44 A compressed air tank contains 5 kg of air at a tem-
perature of 80 °C. A gage on the tank reads 300 kPa. Determine
the volume of the tank.
Viscosity

1.68 GO For a parallel plate arrangement of the type shown in

Fig. 1.5 it is found that when the distance between plates is 2 mm,
1.75 A layer of water flows down an inclined fixed surface
a shearing stress of 150 Pa develops at the upper plate when it is
with the velocity profile shown in Fig. P1.81. Determine the mag-
pulled at a velocity of 1 m/s. Determine the viscosity of the fluid
nitude and direction of the shearing stress that the water exerts on
between the plates. Express your answer in SI units.
the fixed surface for U  2 m s and h  0.1 m.
U δa
P

B B'
u h
U
b y u
y
u y y2
2 –
U = h h2
__ __ __

A δβ
Fixed plate

1.69 Two flat plates are oriented parallel above a fixed lower plate
1.76 A thin layer of glycerin flows down an inclined, wide plate
as shown in Fig. P1.69. The top plate, located a distance b above
with the velocity distribution shown in Fig. P1.76. For h ⫽ 0.75 cm
the fixed plate, is pulled along with speed V. The other thin plate and a ⫽ 20⬚, determine the surface velocity, U. Note that for equi-
is located a distance cb, where 0 c 1, above the fixed plate. librium, the component of weight acting parallel to the plate sur-
This plate moves with speed V1, which is determined by the vis-
face must be balanced by the shearing force developed along the
cous shear forces imposed on it by the fluids on its top and bot-
plate surface. In your analysis assume a unit plate width.
tom. The fluid on the top is twice as viscous as that on the bot-
tom. Plot the ratio V1/V as a function of c for 0 c 1.
V
U
2μ
u y α
b
u = __ y2
__ 2 – __2
y
V1
U h h
cb μ h
Fixed plate
 SHEET 1 2

1.78 A new computer drive is proposed to have a disc, as 1.83 A 30 cm.-diameter circular plate is placed over a fixed
shown in Fig. P1.84. The disc is to rotate at 10,000 rpm, and the bottom plate with a 0.25 cm. gap between the two plates filled with
reader head is to be positioned 0.012 mm. above the surface of the glycerin as shown in Fig. P1.83. Determine the torque required to
disc. Estimate the shearing force on the reader head as a result of rotate the circular plate slowly at 2 rpm. Assume that the velocity
distribution in the gap is linear and that the shear stress on the edge
of the rotating plate is negligible.

Stationary reader head

5-mm.dia. Rotating plate
Torque
10,000 rpm
0.012 mm. 0.25 cm. gap

50
mm
Rotating disc
Surface Tension
1.112 When a 2-mm-diameter tube is inserted into a liquid
in an open tank, the liquid is observed to rise 10 mm above the
free surface of the liquid (see Video V1.10). The contact angle be-
1.80 A pivot bearing used on the shaft of an electrical in- tween the liquid and the tube is zero, and the specific weight of
strument is shown in Fig. P1.86. An oil with a viscosity of ␮ ⫽ the liquid is 1.2  104 N/m3. Determine the value of the surface
0.479 N . s/m 2fills the 0.0025cm. gap between the rotating shaft and tension for this liquid.
the stationary base. Determine the frictional torque on the shaft
when it rotates at 5000 rpm. 1.124 Two vertical, parallel, clean glass plates are spaced a dis-
tance of 2 mm apart. If the plates are placed in water, how high
will the water rise between the plates due to capillary action?
5000 rpm Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Problems
2–128 The specific gravity of mercury is 13.6. The specific
weight of mercury is
0.5 cm (a) 1.36 kN/m3 (b) 9.81 kN/m3 (c) 106 kN/m3 (d ) 133 kN/m3
(e) 13,600 kN/m3
2–129 A 0.08-m3 rigid tank contains air at 3 bar and 127°C.
The mass of the air in the tank is
(a) 0.209 kg (b) 0.659 kg (c) 0.8 kg (d) 0.002 kg
(e) 0.066 kg
2–135 An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 100
30° kPa to 170 kPa. The percent increase in the density of this
gas during this process is
μ = 0.479 N • s/m2
(a) 70% (b) 35% (c) 17% (d) 59% (e) 170%
0.0025 cm.
2–138 The viscosity of liquids and the vis-
cosity of gases with temperature.
(a) Increases, increases (b) Increases, decreases
(c) Decreases, increases (d) Decreases, decreases
(e) Decreases, remains the same
1.81 The 1viscosity of liquids can be measured through the use of a
rotating cylinder viscometer of the type illustrated in Fig. P1.87. In 2–142 The dynamic viscosity of air at 20°C and 200 kPa is
this device the outer cylinder is fixed and the inner cylinder is rotated 1.83 × 10−5 kg/m⋅s. The kinematic viscosity of air at this state is
with an angular velocity, v. The torque t required to develop ␻ is (a) 0.525 × 10−5 m2/s (b) 0.77 × 10−5 m2/s
measured and the viscosity is calculated from these two measurements. (c) 1.47 × 10−5 m2/s (d ) 1.83 × 10−5 m2/s
(a) Develop an equation relating m, v, t, /, Ro , and Ri. Neglect end (e) 0.380 × 10 m /s
−5 2
effects and assume the velocity distribution in the gap is linear.
Fixed
outer
2–143 A viscometer constructed of two 30-cm-long con-
cylinder centric cylinders is used to measure the viscosity of a fluid.
Liquid ᐀
The outer diameter of the inner cylinder is 9 cm, and the gap
ω
between the two cylinders is 0.18 cm. The inner cylinder is
rotated at 250 rpm, and the torque is measured to be 1.4 N⋅m.
Ri The viscosity of the fluid is
Ro (a) 0.0084 N⋅s/m2 (b) 0.017 N⋅s/m2 (c) 0.062 N⋅s/m2
Rotating (d ) 0.0049 N⋅s/m2 (e) 0.56 N⋅s/m2
inner ᐉ
cylinder 2–144 A 0.6-mm-diameter glass tube is inserted into water
at 20°C in a cup. The surface tension of water at 20°C is 𝜎s =
0.073 N/m. The contact angle can be taken as zero degrees.
The capillary rise of water in the tube is
(a) 2.6 cm (b) 7.1 cm (c) 5.0 cm
(d ) 9.7 cm (e) 12.0 cm
SHEET 2 Fluid Statics Manometers
3
Measurement of Pressure
2.27 Bourdon gages (see Video V2.4 and Fig. 2.13) 2.36 A U-tube mercury manometer is connected to a closed pres-
are commonly used to measure pressure. When such a gage is at- surized tank as illustrated in Fig. P2.36. If the air pressure is 14 kpa,
tached to the closed water tank of Fig. P2.27 the gage reads 34.5 Kpa. determine the differential reading, h. The specific weight of the air
What is the absolute air pressure in the tank? Assume standard at- is negligible.
mospheric pressure of 101.3 Kpa. pair = 14 kpa

Air
Air

0.6 m

Water 0.6 m

30.5 cm.
Bourdon gage
0.6 m

15 20
10 25 Water h
5 30
0 35

Mercury (SG = 13.6)

15.25 cm.

2.37 A U-tube manometer is connected to a closed tank con-

taining air and water as shown in Fig. P2.37. At the closed end of the
manometer the air pressure is 112 kPa. Determine the reading on the
pressure gage for a differential reading of 1.2 m on the manometer.
2.28 On the suction side of a pump, a Bourdon pressure Ex-press your answer in Pa (gage). Assume standard atmospheric
gage reads 40 kPa vacuum. What is the corresponding absolute pres-sure and neglect the weight of the air columns in the
pressure if the local atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa (abs)? manometer.
Closed valve
Manometry
2.34 The closed tank of Fig. P.2.34 is filled with water and is 1.5 m
long. The pressure gage on the tank reads 49kPa. Determine: (a) Air pressure = 112 kPa
the height, h, in the open water column, (b) the gage pressure acting
on the bottom tank surface AB, and (c) the absolute pressure of the
air
in the top of the tank if the local atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa.
1.2m
Open Air

49 kPa

Air
h 0.6 m
0.6 m Water
Water
Gage fluid
0.6 m ( γ =14.1 kN/m3) Pressure
gage
A B
■ Figure P2.34
2.35 A mercury manometer is connected to a large reservoir of 2.38 Compartments A and B of the tank shown in Fig. P2.38 are
water as shown in Fig. P2.35. Determine the ratio, hw/hm , of the closed and filled with air and a liquid with a specific gravity equal
distances hw and hm indicated in the figure. to 0.6. Determine the manometer reading, h, if the barometric pres-
sure is 101.3 kPa and the pressure gage reads 3.5 kPa. The effect
of the weight of the air is negligible.
3.5 kPa
Open
Water hw

Air
hm h

hm
0.03 m
Water

Liquid
A B (SG = 0.6)
Mercury (SG = 13.6)
Mercury
SHEET 2 Fluid Statics Manometers Problems 4
2.40 Two pipes are connected by a manometer as shown in Fig. 2.48 Water, oil, and an unknown fluid are contained in the verti-
P2.40. Determine the pressure difference, pA  pB, between the pipes. cal tubes shown in Fig. P2.48. Determine the density of the un-
known fluid.
A 2.54 Cm. diameter 5.08 Cm diameter

0.5 m

Water

0.6 m 0.3 m
Oil, Unknown
1.3 m SG = 0.9 fluid

Water

Gage fluid 0.6 m

(SG = 2.6) Water
0.3 m

2.41 An inverted open tank is held in place by a force R as shown 2.53 The inverted U-tube manometer of Fig. P2.53 contains oil
in Fig. P2.41. If the specific gravity of the manometer fluid is 2.5, (SG  0.9) and water as shown. The pressure differential between
determine the value of h. pipes A and B, pA p B, is 5 kPa. Determine the differential read-
 

ing h .

2.54
cm -diameter tube Oil

h
0.2 m
R
0.6 m- Air
diameter A
tank
0.9 m 0.3 m
h
0.6 m Water

0.3 m B
Water

2.54 An inverted U-tube manometer containing oil (SG  0.8) is

2.43 For the inclined-tube manometer of Fig. P2.43, the pressure located between two reservoirs as shown in Fig. P2.54. The reser-
in pipe A is 4.1 Kpa. The fluid in both pipes A and B is water, and voir on the left, which contains carbon tetrachloride, is closed and
the gage fluid in the manometer has a specific gravity of 2.6. What pressurized to 55Kpa. The reservoir on the right contains water and
is the pressure in pipe B corresponding to the differential reading is open to the atmosphere. With the given data, determine the depth
Water of water, h, in the right reservoir.
Carbon tetrachloride
B 55 kpa
Water 0.07m
A 0.2m 0.2 m Oil
SG = 2.6
0.07m Water
30° 0.9 m 0.3 m
h

2.47 Determine the elevation difference, h, between the 0.3 m

water levels in the two open tanks shown in Fig. P2.47.
SG = 0.90
2.58 In Fig. P2.58 pipe A contains gasoline (SG  0.7), pipe
B contains oil (SG  0.9), and the manometer fluid is mercury.
Determine the new differential reading if the pressure in pipe A is
0.4 m
decreased 25 kPa, and the pressure in pipe B remains constant. The
initial differential reading is 0.30 m as shown.
Δh

1m B

0.4 m Oil

Water A

0.3 m
Gasoline Mercury
5 SHEET 2 Fluid Statics Gates
2.60 The inclined differential manometer of Fig. P2.60 con- 2.85 A gate having the shape shown in Fig. P2.85 is located in
tains carbon tetrachloride. Initially the pressure differential be- the vertical side of an open tank containing water. The gate is
tween pipes A and B, which contain a brine (SG  1.1), is zero as mounted on a horizontal shaft. (a) When the water level is at the
illustrated in the figure. It is desired that the manometer give a dif- top of the gate, determine the magnitude of the fluid force on the
ferential reading of 0.3m. (measured along the inclined tube) for a rectangular portion of the gate above the shaft and the magnitude
pressure differential of 0.7 kPa. Determine the required angle of of the fluid force on the semicircular portion of the gate below the
inclination, u. shaft. (b) For this same fluid depth determine the moment of the
force acting on the semicircular portion of the gate with respect to
an axis that coincides with the shaft.
A
B
Brine

Brine Water 6m
0.3 m
Shaft
Carbon
tetrachloride 3m

θ Side view
of gate

2.62 Determine the new differential reading along the in-

■ Figure P2.85
clined leg of the mercury manometer of Fig. P2.62, if the pressure
in pipe A is decreased 10 kPa and the pressure in pipe B remains
unchanged. The fluid in A has a specific gravity of 0.9 and the fluid 2.86 A pump supplies water under pressure to a large tank as
in B is water. shown in Fig. P2.86. The circular-plate valve fitted in the short dis-
charge pipe on the tank pivots about its diameter A–A and is held
SG = 0.9 shut against the water pressure by a latch at B. Show that the force
A
Water on the latch is independent of the supply pressure, p, and the height
of the tank, h.
100 mm
30°
B
Pressure p Supply
80 mm

50 mm

Mercury

■ Figure P2.62
Water
Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface h

2.77 A circular 2-m-diameter gate is located on the sloping side

of a swimming pool. The side of the pool is oriented 60 relative
to the horizontal bottom, and the center of the gate is located 3 m
below the water surface. Determine the magnitude of the water
force acting on the gate and the point through which it acts. A A
2.79 A horizontal 2-m-diameter conduit is half filled with a liq-
uid (SG  1.6) and is capped at both ends with plane vertical B
surfaces. The air pressure in the conduit above the liquid surface
is 200 kPa. Determine the resultant force of the fluid acting on ■ Figure P2.86
one of the end caps, and locate this force relative to the bottom 2.87 GO A homogeneous,1.2 mwide,9.6 m long rectangular gate
of the conduit. weighing 3.6 kN is held in place by a horizontal flexible cable as
shown in Fig. P2.87. Water acts against the gate, which is hinged
2.82 A structure is attached to the ocean floor as shown in at point A. Friction in the hinge is negligible. Determine the ten-
Fig. P2.82. A 2-m-diameter hatch is located in an inclined wall and sion in the cable.

Free surface
Cable 60°

Seawater
10 m

30°

Hatch
Hinge
Water Gate
Air pressure, p1 1.8 m 2.4m

Hinge

■ Figure P2.82 A
■ Figure P2.87
SHEET 2 Fluid Statics Gates Problems 6
2.88 A rectangular gate 1.8m tall and 1.5m wide in the side of an 2.97 The massless,1.2m-wide gate shown in Fig. P2.97 piv-
open tank is held in place by the force F as indicated in Fig. P.2.88. ots about the frictionless hinge O. It is held in place by the 8896 N
The weight of the gate is negligible, and the hinge at O is friction- counterweight, w. Determine the water depth, h.
less. (a) Determine the water depth, h, if the resultant hydrostatic
force of the water acts 0.8m above the bottom of the gate, i.e., it
is collinear with the applied force F. (b) For the depth of part (a),
determine the magnitude of the resultant hydrostatic force. (c) De- Water
Gate
termine the force that the hinge puts on the gate under the above
h
conditions.

Pivot O

Width = 1.2m
0.6m
0.9m
Water
Hinge 0

h ᐃ
Gate
■ Figure P2.97
F 1.8m
2.100 A 1.2m by 0.9 m massless rectangular gate is used to
0.8m close the end of the water tank shown in Fig. P2.100. A 890 N
weight attached to the arm of the gate at a distance / from the fric-
tionless hinge is just sufficient to keep the gate closed when the
■ Figure P2.88 water depth is 0.6 m , that is, when the water fills the semicircular
lower portion of the tank. If the water were deeper, the gate would
2.93 GO A 3-m-wide, 8-m-high rectangular gate is located at open. Determine the distance / .
the end of a rectangular passage that is connected to a large open
tank filled with water as shown in Fig. P2.93. The gate is hinged
at its bottom and held closed by a horizontal force, FH, located at ᐉ
Hinge Hinge
the center of the gate. The maximum value for FH is 3500 kN. (a)
0.3 m
Determine the maximum water depth, h, above the center of the
890 N 0.6 m 0.9 m
gate that can exist without the gate opening. (b) Is the answer the Gate radius
same if the gate is hinged at the top? Explain your answer. Water
1.2 m

■ Figure P2.100

2.101 The rigid gate, OAB, of Fig. P2.101 is hinged at O and rests
h against a rigid support at B. What minimum horizontal force, P, is
required to hold the gate closed if its width is 3 m? Neglect the
4m
weight of the gate and friction in the hinge. The back of the gate
FH is exposed to the atmosphere.
4m Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface
Hinge 2.116 A 4-m-long curved gate is located in the side of a reservoir
containing water as shown in Fig. P2.116. Determine the magni-
■ Figure P2.93 tude of the horizontal and vertical components of the force of the
water on the gate. Will this force pass through point A? Explain.
2.96 A gate having the cross section shown in Fig. P2.96 is
4 ft wide and is hinged at C. The gate weighs 80.0 kN, and its
mass center is 0.5m to the right of the plane BC. Determine the
vertical reaction at A on the gate when the water level is 0.9 m above
the base. All contact surfaces are smooth.
1.5m
Water
Hinge 6m
C A

2m
2.7m

Gate
Water surface

■ Figure P2.116
0.9m
B A

■ Figure P2.96
 fundamentals of engineering (fe) exam problems
7 SHEET 2 Fluid Statics Gates 3–164 The gage pressure in a pipe is measured by a
manometer containing mercury (𝜌 = 13,600 kg/m3). The top
2.119 A tank wall has the shape shown in Fig. P2.119. Determine of the mercury is open to the atmosphere and the atmospheric
the horizontal and vertical components of the force of the water on pressure is 100 kPa. If the mercury column height is 24 cm,
a 1.2 m length of the curved sectionAB. the gage pressure in the pipe is
(a) 32 kPa (b) 24 kPa (c) 76 kPa
(d ) 124 kPa (e) 68 kPa

Tank
Water 3–165 Which is of the highest value?
wall (a) 1 bar (b) 105 N/m2 (c) 1 atm
(d) 100 kPa (e) None of these
5.5m
A
3–166 The pressure in seawater where a submarine is sail-
ing is measured to be 1300 kPa. The submarine is in a water
depth of (Take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3.)
1.8 m
(a) 130 m (b) 133 m (c) 0.133 m
B (d) 122 m (e) 0.122 m
■ Figure P2.119
3–167 The atmospheric pressure in a location is measured
by a mercury (𝜌 = 13,600 kg/m3) barometer. If the height of
2.128 GO An open tank containing water has a bulge in its ver-
tical side that is semicircular in shape as shown in Fig. P2.128. De- the mercury column is 740 mm, the atmospheric pressure at
termine the horizontal and vertical components of the force that that location is
the water exerts on the bulge. Base your analysis on a 1-ft length (a) 88.5 kPa (b) 93.9 kPa (c) 96.2 kPa
of the bulge. (d ) 98.7 kPa (e) 101 kPa
3–168 A manometer is used to measure the pressure of a
gas in a tank. The manometer fluid is water (𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3)
1.8 m and the manometer column height is 1.8 m. If the local atmo-
Bulge spheric pressure is 100 kPa, the absolute pressure within the
Water
tank is
(a) 17,760 kPa (b) 100 kPa (c) 180 kPa
0.9 m (d ) 101 kPa (e) 118 kPa
3-169 Consider a hydraulic car jack with a piston area ratio
of 50. A person can lift a 1000-kg car by applying a force of
(a) 100 kgf (b) 10 kgf (c) 50 kgf
(d) 20 kgf (e) 196 kgf
■ Figure P2.128
3–170 Consider the vertical rectangular wall of a water tank
with a width of 5 m and a height of 8 m. The other side of
2.129 A closed tank is filled with water and has a 4-ft-
diameter hemispherical dome as shown in Fig. 2.129. A U-tube the wall is open to the atmosphere. The resultant hydrostatic
manometer is connected to the tank. Determine the vertical force of force on this wall is
the water on the dome if the differential manometer reading is 7 ft (a) 1570 kN (b) 2380 kN (c) 2505 kN
and the air pressure at the upper end of the manometer is 86.9 Kpa. (d ) 1410 kN (e) 404 kN
3–171 A vertical rectangular wall with a width of 20 m
pA and a height of 12 m is holding a 7-m-deep water body. The
Air resultant hydrostatic force acting on this wall is
1.2 m diameter
(a) 1370 kN (b) 4807 kN (c) 8240 kN
138 Kpa (d ) 9740 kN (e) 11,670 kN
3–172 A vertical rectangular plate with a width of 16 m
1.5 m
and a height of 12 m is located 4 m below a water surface.
0.6 m The resultant hydrostatic force on this plate is
Water (a) 2555 kN (b) 3770 kN (c) 11,300 kN
0.6 m (d) 15,070 kN (e) 18,835 kN
Gage
fluid 3–173 A rectangular plate with a width of 16 m and a height
(SG = 3.0) of 12 m is located 4 m below a water surface. The plate is
tilted and makes a 35° angle with the horizontal. The resultant
■ Figure P2.129 hydrostatic force acting on the top surface of this plate is
(a) 10,800 kN (b) 9745 kN (c) 8470 kN
(d ) 6400 kN (e) 5190 kN
3–174 A vertical rectangular plate with a width of 16 m
and a height of 12 m is located 4 m below a water surface.
The line of action yp for the resultant hydrostatic force on this
plate is (Neglect atmospheric pressure.)
(a) 4 m (b) 5.3 m (c) 8 m (d) 11.2 m (e) 12 m
8 SHEET 3 The Bernoulli Equation

3.36 Water flows from a pressurized tank, through a 1.5 cm.- Wind tunnel
diameter pipe, exits from a 5cm.-diameter nozzle, and rises 6 m
above the nozzle as shown in Fig. P3.36. Determine the pressure in 97 km/h
the tank if the flow is steady, frictionless, and incompressible.

Open Fan

h 2.5 cm
.
6m Water Oil ( SG = 0.9)

■ Figure P3.46
5 cm
Air
3.47 Natural gas (methane) flows from a 7.6 cm.-diameter gas main,
0.6m through a2.5 cm.-diameter pipe, and into the burner of a furnace at a
rate of 2.8 m3 /hour. Determine the pressure in the gas main if the
pressure in the 2.5 cm. pipe is to be 15.2 cm . of water greater than atmos-
pheric pressure. Neglect viscous effects.
15 cm

■ Figure P3.36 3.51 Water flows through the pipe contraction shown in Fig. P3.51.
For the given 0.2-m difference in manometer level, determine the
3.37 An inviscid, incompressible liquid flows steadily from flowrate as a function of the diameter of the small pipe, D.
the large pressurized tank shown in Fig. P.3.37. The velocity at the exit
is 12 m/ s. Determine the specific gravity of the liquid in the tank.

0.2 m
69 kpa

Air
Q
1.5 m Liquid 0.1 m D

3m
■ Figure P3.51

3.52 Water flows through the pipe contraction shown in

12 m/s Fig. P3.52. For the given 0.2-m difference in the manometer level,
determine the flowrate as a function of the diameter of the small
■ Figure P3.37
pipe, D.
3.42 Water flowing from the 1.90 cm.-diameter outlet
shown in Video V8.15 and Fig. P3.42 rises 7.1 cm in. above the outlet.
Determine the flowrate.
0.2 m

Q
. cm
7.1 0.1 m D

1.90 cm.
■ Figure P3.52

Q
3.58 GO Water is siphoned from the tank shown in Fig. P3.58.
The water barometer indicates a reading of 9.2m. Determine the
■ Figure P3.42
maximum value of h allowed without cavitation occurring. Note
3.46 Air is drawn into a wind tunnel used for testing auto- that the pressure of the vapor in the closed end of the barometer
mobiles as shown in Fig. P3.46. (a) Determine the manometer read- equals the vapor pressure.
ing, h, when the velocity in the test section is 97 km/h. Note that
there is a 2.5 cm. column of oil on the water in the manometer.(b) De-
termine the difference between the stagnation pressure on the front
of the automobile and the pressure in the test section.
9 SHEET 3 The Bernoulli Equation

3.69 Determine the flowrate through the pipe in Fig. P3.69.

Closed end
ρ m = 900 kg/m 3

.
7.6 cm 2.5 m
diameter
9.2 m

Q
1.8 m Water 0.08 m

■ Figure P3.69

h 3.75 Air flows through the device shown in Fig. P3.75. If the
flowrate is large enough, the pressure within the constriction
will be low enough to draw the water up into the tube. Determine
12.7 cm.-diameter
the flowrate, Q, and the pressure needed at section (1) to draw
the water into section (2). Neglect compressibility and viscous
effects.
■ Figure P3.58

3.65 Water flows steadily from a large, closed tank as shown

in Fig. P3.65. The deflection in the mercury manometer is 2.5cm. and
viscous effects are negligible. (a) Determine the volume flowrate. Free jet
25 mm
(b) Determine the air pressure in the space above the surface of the
water in the tank. Q
(2) Air
(1)

0.3 m
50 mm 50 mm
Water
Air
0.3m diameter ■ Figure P3.75
7.6 cm. diameter
24 m
3.82 Water flows steadily from a large open tank and discharges
into the atmosphere though a7.6 m.-diameter pipe as shown in
Fig. P3.82. Determine the diameter, d, in the narrowed section of
the pipe at A if the pressure gages at A and B indicate the same
2.5 cm .
pressure. B

Mercury
2.7 m
7.6 cm diameter
■ Figure P3.65

3.67 Oil of specific gravity 0.83 flows in the pipe shown in Fig. 2.4 m
P3.67. If viscous effects are neglected, what is the flowrate? A
4.9 m
diameter = d

■ Figure P3.82
10.2 cm 3.83 Water flows from a large tank as shown in Fig. P3.83.
Atmospheric pressure is 100kpa , and the vapor pressure is 1.60
Water psia. If viscous effects are neglected, at what height, h, will cavita-
tion begin? To avoid cavitation, should the value of D1 be increased
or decreased? To avoid cavitation, should the value of D2 be in-
SG = 0.83 creased or decreased? Explain.
7.6 cm 10.2 cm
Q

■ Figure P3.67
h
D3 = 10.2. cm

D1 = 2.5 .cm i D 2 =5 cm.

■ Figure P3.83
 SHEET 3 The Bernoulli Equation Problems 10
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Problems
3.86 The vent on the tank shown in Fig. P3.86 is closed and the
tank pressurized to increase the flowrate. What pressure, p1, is 5–110 Water flows in a 10-cm-diameter pipe at a velocity
needed to produce twice the flowrate of that when the vent is open? of 0.75 m/s. The mass flow rate of water in the pipe is
(a) 353 kg/min (b) 209 kg/min (c) 88.4 kg/min
(d ) 44.5 kg/min (e) 5.9 kg/min
p1 5–111 Water flows in a 3-cm-diameter pipe at a velocity of
Vent 0.55 m/s. The volume flow rate of water in the pipe is
(a) 23.3 L/min (b) 0.39 L/min (c) 1400 L/min
1.2 m Air (d) 55 L/min (e) 70.7 L/min
5–112 Cold water at a rate of 25 L/min is mixed with hot
water at 40 L/min in a continuous manner in a mixing cham-
3.0 m ber. The rate of water output from the mixing chamber is
Water (a) 0.65 kg/s (b) 1.08 kg/s (c) 15 kg/s
(d) 32.5 kg/s (e) 65 kg/s
Q
5–113 Air enters a steady-flow compressor at 1 atm and
25° C at a rate of 0.35 m3/s and leaves at a rate of 0.12 m3/s.
■ Figure P3.86 The density of air at the compressor exit is
3.91 JP-4 fuel (SG  0.77) flows through the Venturi meter (a) 1.2 kg/m3 (b) 1.63 kg/m3 (c) 2.48 kg/m3
shown in Fig. P3.91 with a velocity of 4.6 m/s in the 15.2 cm. pipe. If (d) 3.45 kg/m (e) 4.57 kg/m
3 3

viscous effects are negligible, determine the elevation, h, of the fuel 5–114 A 75-m-high water body that is open to the atmo-
in the open tube connected to the throat of the Venturi meter. sphere is available. The mechanical energy of this water body
per unit mass is
(a) 736 kJ/kg (b) 0.736 kJ/kg (c) 0.75 kJ/kg
(d) 75 kJ/kg (e) 150 kJ/kg
5–115 Water enters a motor-pump unit at a pressure of
95 kPa at a rate of 115 kg/min. If the motor consumes 0.8 kW
1.8 m of electricity, the maximum water pressure at the exit of the
15.2 cm
pump is
.
(a) 408 kPa (b) 512 kPa (c) 816 kPa
(d) 1150 kPa (e) 1020 kPa
JP-4 fuel
20.3 cm
. 20° 5–116 A pump is used to increase the pressure of water
10.2 .cm from 100 kPa to 900 kPa at a rate of 160 L/min. If the shaft
power input to the pump is 3 kW, the efficiency of the pump is
h
(a) 0.532 (b) 0.660 (c) 0.711 (d ) 0.747 (e) 0.855
.
15.2 cm
5–117 A hydraulic turbine is used to generate power by
using the water in a dam. The elevation difference between
V = 4.6m/s the free surfaces upstream and downstream of the dam is 130 m.
■ Figure P3.91 The water is supplied to the turbine at a rate of 150 kg/s. If
the shaft power output from the turbine is 155 kW, the effi-
ciency of the turbine is
(a) 0.79 (b) 0.81 (c) 0.83 (d ) 0.85 (e) 0.88
3.92 Water, considered an inviscid, incompressible fluid,
flows steadily as shown in Fig. P3.92. Determine h.
5–118 The efficiency of a hydraulic turbine-generator unit
is specified to be 85 percent. If the generator efficiency is
96 percent, the turbine efficiency is
(a) 0.816 (b) 0.850 (c) 0.862 (d ) 0.885 (e) 0.960
Air 5–119 Which one is not an assumption involved with the
h
Bernoulli equation?
Q = 0.113 m3/s (a) No elevation change (b) Incompressible flow
Water (c) Steady flow (d) No shaft work (e) No friction
5–120 Consider incompressible, frictionless flow of a fluid
0.15 m diameter 0.3 m diameter in a horizontal piping. The pressure and velocity of a fluid
0.9 m
is measured to be 150 kPa and 1.25 m/s at a specified point.
The density of the fluid is 700 kg/m3. If the pressure is 140 kPa
at another point, the velocity of the fluid at that point is
(a) 1.26 m/s (b) 1.34 m/s (c) 3.75 m/s (d ) 5.49 m/s
(e) 7.30 m/s
■ Figure P3.92