UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO AI

MCQ

1. What is the primary goal of Artificial Intelligence? (K1 - Remembering)

a) To replace human intelligence
b) To create systems that think and act rationally
c) To develop faster processors
d) To eliminate the need for human intervention
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of AI technique? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) Machine Learning
b) Deep Learning
c) Cloud Computing
d) Fuzzy Logic
3. Which AI technique is used in self-driving cars? (K3 - Applying)
a) Genetic Algorithms
b) Reinforcement Learning
c) Rule-based Systems
d) Expert Systems
4. Which AI technique is best for handling uncertainty? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) Decision Trees
b) Fuzzy Logic
c) Neural Networks
d) Depth-First Search
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of Weak AI? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) It performs only a specific task
b) It can think and reason like humans
c) It continuously improves itself without human intervention
d) It does not require training
6. Which search algorithm guarantees finding the shortest path? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) Depth-First Search (DFS)
b) Breadth-First Search (BFS)
c) Hill Climbing
d) Genetic Algorithm
7. What is the purpose of a heuristic function in AI? (K3 - Applying)
a) To guarantee an optimal solution
b) To provide an estimate for the best path to the goal
c) To explore all possible solutions
d) To randomly select the next step
8. Which type of problem-solving approach does AI use? (K1 -
Remembering)
a) Algorithm-based
b) Search-based
c) Manual decision-making
d) Fixed rule-based processing
9. Which of the following is an example of an AI-based problem-solving
approach? (K3 - Applying)
a) Using brute force to check all possibilities
b) Using heuristics to guide the search
c) Solving problems randomly
d) Manually coding every possible outcome
10. Which problem-solving method is commonly used in AI for
optimization? (K2 - Understanding)
a) Minimax Algorithm
b) Genetic Algorithm
c) Breadth-First Search
d) Rule-based systems
11. Which AI model is inspired by the human brain? (K1 - Remembering)
a) Decision Trees
b) Neural Networks
c) Genetic Algorithms
d) Bayesian Networks
12. Which AI model is best suited for probabilistic reasoning? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) Decision Trees
b) Bayesian Networks
c) Neural Networks
d) Rule-based Systems
13. Which AI model uses natural selection principles for optimization? (K3 -
Applying)
a) Genetic Algorithms
b) Decision Trees
c) Neural Networks
d) Linear Regression
14. Which AI model is used for classification and regression tasks? (K3 -
Applying)
a) Decision Trees
b) Reinforcement Learning
c) Fuzzy Logic
d) Game Theory
15. Which AI model learns by interacting with its environment? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) Supervised Learning
b) Unsupervised Learning
c) Reinforcement Learning
d) Deep Learning
16. What is the first step in the AI learning process? (K1 - Remembering)
a) Model training
b) Data Collection
c) Data Cleaning
d) Model Evaluation
17. Which technique is used for reducing the dimensionality of data? (K3 -
Applying)
a) Data Cleaning
b) Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
c) Overfitting
d) Feature Engineering
18. What is the impact of biased data on AI models? (K4 - Analyzing)
a) It improves model performance
b) It leads to inaccurate or unfair predictions
c) It has no impact
d) It speeds up learning
19. Which of the following is an example of unstructured data? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) Database Tables
b) Excel Sheets
c) Images and Videos
d) Sensor Data
20. Which of the following is a major challenge in data acquisition for AI?
(K3 - Applying)
a) Lack of algorithms
b) Poor data quality
c) High computing power
d) Too many AI models
21. Which algorithm is commonly used to solve Tic-Tac-Toe? (K3 -
Applying)
a) A* Algorithm
b) Minimax Algorithm
c) Decision Trees
d) Bayesian Networks
22. What is the constraint in the Missionaries and Cannibals problem? (K2 -
Understanding)
a) The boat can carry only two people
b) Cannibals must never outnumber missionaries on any side
c) Only one person can move at a time
d) There is no constraint
23. Which search algorithm is best suited for solving the Missionaries and
Cannibals problem? (K3 - Applying)
a) Breadth-First Search (BFS)
b) Genetic Algorithm
c) Hill Climbing
d) Backtracking
24. Which AI concept is demonstrated by Tic-Tac-Toe? (K2 - Understanding)
a) Optimization
b) Game Playing
c) Machine Learning
d) Robotics
25. What is the solution strategy for Tic-Tac-Toe? (K3 - Applying)
a) Try all possibilities
b) Use the Minimax algorithm
c) Use brute force
d) Play randomly
26. What is the objective of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)? (K1 -
Remembering)
a) To find the shortest route covering all cities
b) To minimize the number of cities
c) To randomly select paths
d) To avoid visiting the same city twice
27. Which algorithm is best for solving TSP efficiently? (K3 - Applying)
a) Genetic Algorithm
b) Depth-First Search
c) Minimax Algorithm
d) Naïve Search
 28. What is the real-world application of the TSP? (K3 - Applying)
a) Scheduling deliveries
b) Predicting stock prices
c) Facial recognition
d) Image classification

2 Mark Questions
A. AI Techniques
1. What are the main techniques used in Artificial Intelligence? (K1 - Remembering)
o The main AI techniques are Machine Learning, Expert Systems, Natural
Language Processing (NLP), Computer Vision, and Robotics.
2. Define Expert Systems in AI. (K1 - Remembering)
o Expert systems are AI programs that mimic human decision-making using a
knowledge base and inference engine.
3. Explain the difference between Symbolic AI and Subsymbolic AI. (K2 -
Understanding)
o Symbolic AI relies on explicit rules and logic (e.g., expert systems), while
subsymbolic AI uses patterns and learning (e.g., neural networks).
4. What is the role of Fuzzy Logic in AI? (K2 - Understanding)
o Fuzzy Logic allows AI to handle uncertainty by representing data with degrees
of truth rather than binary values.
5. How does AI use Genetic Algorithms? (K3 - Applying)
o AI applies Genetic Algorithms by simulating natural evolution to optimize
solutions, using selection, crossover, and mutation.
B. Problem Solving with AI
6. What is meant by problem-solving in AI? (K1 - Remembering)
o AI problem-solving involves using algorithms and search strategies to find
optimal or approximate solutions to tasks.
7. What are the basic steps in the problem-solving process? (K1 - Remembering)
o The basic steps include problem definition, state representation, applying search
strategies, evaluating results, and refining solutions.
8. Differentiate between a well-defined problem and an ill-defined problem. (K2 -
Understanding)
o A well-defined problem has a clear initial state, goal state, and defined
operations, whereas an ill-defined problem lacks clarity in constraints or goals.
9. What is the role of heuristics in AI problem-solving? (K2 - Understanding)
o Heuristics help AI solve complex problems faster by using experience-based
techniques to guide the search for solutions.
10. How can AI be used to solve real-world problems? (K3 - Applying)
o AI solves real-world problems like medical diagnosis, fraud detection, and route
optimization by learning patterns and making predictions.
C. AI Models
11. What is an AI model? (K1 - Remembering)
o An AI model is a mathematical framework that learns from data to make
predictions or decisions.
 12. List different types of AI models. (K1 - Remembering)
o Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Bayesian Networks, Support Vector
Machines, and Reinforcement Learning models.
13. Explain the concept of Neural Networks. (K2 - Understanding)
o Neural Networks are AI models that simulate the human brain by using
interconnected neurons to process and analyze data.
14. What is the difference between a rule-based system and a machine learning
model? (K2 - Understanding)
o A rule-based system follows predefined rules, while a machine learning model
learns patterns from data without explicit programming.
15. How does Reinforcement Learning differ from Supervised Learning? (K3 -
Applying)
o Reinforcement Learning learns from trial and error with rewards, while
Supervised Learning uses labeled data to learn patterns.
D. Data Acquisition and Learning in AI
16. What is data acquisition in AI? (K1 - Remembering)
o Data acquisition is the process of collecting, storing, and preprocessing data for
AI models.
17. Why is data preprocessing important in AI? (K2 - Understanding)
o It ensures data quality by removing noise, handling missing values, and
converting data into a usable format.
18. Differentiate between Structured and Unstructured Data. (K2 - Understanding)
o Structured data is organized in tables (e.g., databases), while unstructured data
includes text, images, and videos without a fixed format.
19. What is the significance of feature selection in AI models? (K3 - Applying)
o Feature selection improves model performance by reducing irrelevant or
redundant data, making training more efficient.
20. Explain the impact of biased data on AI models. (K3 - Applying)
o Biased data can lead to unfair or inaccurate AI predictions, affecting decision-
making in critical areas like hiring and lending.

E. Problem Formulation and Search

21. What is the problem space in AI? (K1 - Remembering)
o The problem space consists of the initial state, goal state, and all possible
intermediate states.
22. Define state-space representation. (K1 - Remembering)
o It is a way of modeling a problem using states and actions to transition between
states.
23. Differentiate between uninformed and informed search techniques. (K2 -
Understanding)
o Uninformed search (e.g., BFS, DFS) does not use problem-specific knowledge,
while informed search (e.g., A*) uses heuristics.
24. What is an admissible heuristic in AI? (K2 - Understanding)
o An admissible heuristic never overestimates the actual cost to reach the goal,
ensuring optimal solutions.
25. How does the A algorithm improve search efficiency?* (K3 - Applying)
 o A* combines uniform-cost search and heuristics to find the shortest path
efficiently.
F. Toy Problems in AI
26. What is a toy problem in AI? (K1 - Remembering)
o A toy problem is a simplified version of a real-world problem used for testing
AI algorithms.
27. Describe the state-space of the Tic-Tac-Toe game. (K1 - Remembering)
o The state-space includes all possible board configurations that can occur during
gameplay.
28. What is the Missionaries and Cannibals problem? (K1 - Remembering)
o It is a river-crossing puzzle where missionaries and cannibals must cross
without violating safety constraints.
29. What are the constraints in the Missionaries and Cannibals problem? (K2 -
Understanding)
o At no point should the number of cannibals exceed the missionaries on either
side of the river.
30. Which search strategy is best suited for solving the Missionaries and Cannibals
problem? (K3 - Applying)
o Breadth-First Search (BFS) is commonly used as it guarantees the shortest
solution.
G. Real-World Problem – Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)
31. What is the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)? (K1 - Remembering)
o TSP involves finding the shortest possible route that visits each city once and
returns to the starting point.
32. Why is TSP considered an NP-Hard problem? (K2 - Understanding)
o TSP has exponential growth in possible routes, making it computationally
difficult to solve optimally.
33. List two algorithms used to solve TSP. (K2 - Understanding)
o Dynamic Programming and Genetic Algorithms are commonly used to find
approximate solutions.
34. How does the Nearest Neighbor heuristic solve TSP? (K3 - Applying)
o It selects the closest unvisited city at each step, though it does not guarantee an
optimal solution.
35. How is TSP applied in real-world scenarios? (K3 - Applying)
o TSP is used in logistics, delivery route planning, and network optimization.

PART B QUESTIONS

1 . Explain various AI techniques with suitable examples. (K2 - Understanding)

2. Describe the problem-solving process in AI with real-world examples. (K3 - Applying)
3. Explain different types of AI models with their advantages and disadvantages. (K4 -
Analyzing)
4. Discuss data acquisition and preprocessing techniques in AI. (K3 - Applying)
5. How do AI systems formulate problems, and what are the characteristics of problem-solving
in AI? (K4 - Analyzing)
6. Explain the Tic-Tac-Toe problem and the Missionaries and Cannibals problem using state-
space representation. (K5 - Evaluating)
7. Discuss the Travelling Salesman Problem and its AI-based solutions. (K6 - Creating)