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Number System

The document explains the concept of number systems, which are methods of representing numbers using symbols based on specific rules. It details four main types of number systems: Decimal, Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal, along with their applications and examples. Additionally, it provides conversion methods between these systems, illustrating how to convert numbers from one system to another.

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c.abdullahzahid
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1 views

Number System

The document explains the concept of number systems, which are methods of representing numbers using symbols based on specific rules. It details four main types of number systems: Decimal, Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal, along with their applications and examples. Additionally, it provides conversion methods between these systems, illustrating how to convert numbers from one system to another.

Uploaded by

c.abdullahzahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number System

A Number System is a way of representing and expressing numbers using symbols


or digits according to a set of rules. It defines how numbers are written, calculated,
and interpreted. Different number systems are used based on application areas,
especially in computing and digital electronics.

Types of Number Systems


1. Decimal Number System (Base-10):
o Digits Used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
o Base: 10
o Application: Used in daily life for counting and arithmetic operations.
o Example: 237, 54.89

2. Binary Number System (Base-2):


o Digits Used: 0, 1
o Base: 2
o Application: Used in computers and digital systems because they
operate on binary logic (ON/OFF states).
o Example: 1010, 1101.01

3. Octal Number System (Base-8):


o Digits Used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
o Base: 8
o Application: Used in older computing systems, digital displays, and
simplifying long binary numbers.
o Example: 74, 125.4

4. Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16):


o Digits Used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11, ...,
F=15)
o Base: 16
o Application: Used in memory addressing, color codes (HTML/CSS),
and simplifying long binary numbers.
o Example: 1A3F, 9C.4

Conversion table:

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

0 0000 0 0

1 0001 1 1

2 0010 2 2

3 0011 3 3

4 0100 4 4

5 0101 5 5

6 0110 6 6

7 0111 7 7

8 1000 10 8

9 1001 11 9

10 1010 12 A

11 1011 13 B
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

12 1100 14 C

13 1101 15 D

14 1110 16 E

15 1111 17 F

Conversions:
Binary to Other Systems
Binary to Decimal
1. Multiply each bit by 2 raised to its position index (right to left, starting from
0).
2. Add all the results.
Example: 1101 → 1×2³ + 1×2² + 0×2¹ + 1×2⁰ = 13
Binary to Octal
1. Group bits in sets of three, starting from the right.
2. Convert each group to its decimal equivalent.
Example: 1101 → 1 101 → 15 (Octal: 15)
Binary to Hexadecimal
1. Group bits in sets of four, starting from the right.
2. Convert each group to its decimal/hexadecimal equivalent.
Example: 1101 → 1101 → D (Hexadecimal: D)

3. Octal to Other Systems


Octal to Decimal
1. Multiply each digit by 8 raised to its position index (right to left, starting
from 0).
2. Add all the results.
Example: 116 → 1×8² + 1×8¹ + 6×8⁰ = 78
Octal to Binary
1. Convert each octal digit to its 3-bit binary representation.
Example: 116 → 001 001 110 → 1101110
Octal to Hexadecimal
1. Convert to Binary.
2. Group bits in sets of four.
3. Convert to Hexadecimal.
Example: 116 → 001001110 → 4E

4. Hexadecimal to Other Systems


Hexadecimal to Decimal
1. Multiply each digit by 16 raised to its position index (right to left, starting
from 0).
2. Add all the results.
Example: FE → 15×16¹ + 14×16⁰ = 254
Hexadecimal to Binary
1. Convert each hexadecimal digit to its 4-bit binary representation.
Example: FE → 1111 1110
Hexadecimal to Octal
1. Convert to Binary.
2. Group bits in sets of three.
3. Convert to Octal.
Example: FE → 1111 1110 → 111 111 0 → 770

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