OOP Lab Suggestions

1. Polymorphism

Question 1:

Write a Java program that demonstrates method overriding. Create a class Vehicle with a method start(), and then create
two subclasses Car and Bike that override the start() method.

class Vehicle {

void start() {

System.out.println("Vehicle is starting");

class Car extends Vehicle {

@Override

void start() {

System.out.println("Car is starting");

class Bike extends Vehicle {

@Override

void start() {

System.out.println("Bike is starting");

public class TestPolymorphism {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Vehicle vehicle = new Car();

vehicle.start();

vehicle = new Bike();

vehicle.start();
 }

Question 2:

Write a Java program that uses method overloading. Create a class Calculator with methods add() that can handle both
integers and floating-point numbers.

class Calculator {

// Method for adding two integers

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

// Method for adding two floating-point numbers

double add(double a, double b) {

return a + b;

public class CalculatorTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Calculator calculator = new Calculator();

System.out.println("Sum of integers: " + calculator.add(5, 3));

System.out.println("Sum of doubles: " + calculator.add(5.5, 3.5));

Question 3:

Create a program that demonstrates runtime polymorphism. Write a base class Employee with a method calculateSalary().
Then, create subclasses FullTimeEmployee and PartTimeEmployee that override the calculateSalary() method.

class Employee {

void calculateSalary() {
 System.out.println("Calculating salary for general employee");

class FullTimeEmployee extends Employee {

@Override

void calculateSalary() {

System.out.println("Calculating salary for full-time employee");

class PartTimeEmployee extends Employee {

@Override

void calculateSalary() {

System.out.println("Calculating salary for part-time employee");

public class EmployeeTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Employee employee;

employee = new FullTimeEmployee();

employee.calculateSalary();

employee = new PartTimeEmployee();

employee.calculateSalary();

}
Question 4:

Write a Java program where you have a superclass Shape with a method area(). Create subclasses Circle and Rectangle
that implement the area() method, and display the area of each shape.

abstract class Shape {

abstract void area();

class Circle extends Shape {

int radius = 5;

@Override

void area() {

System.out.println("Area of Circle: " + (Math.PI * radius * radius));

class Rectangle extends Shape {

int length = 4, width = 6;

@Override

void area() {

System.out.println("Area of Rectangle: " + (length * width));

public class ShapeTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape shape1 = new Circle();

shape1.area();

Shape shape2 = new Rectangle();

shape2.area();
 }

Question 5:

Create a Java program where you have an interface Playable with a method play(). Create two classes Guitar and Drums
that implement the Playable interface and override the play() method.

interface Playable {

void play();

class Guitar implements Playable {

@Override

public void play() {

System.out.println("Guitar is playing");

class Drums implements Playable {

@Override

public void play() {

System.out.println("Drums are playing");

public class PlayableTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Playable playable1 = new Guitar();

playable1.play();

Playable playable2 = new Drums();

playable2.play();

}
2. Abstraction

Question 1:

Write a Java program that uses an abstract class Appliance with an abstract method turnOn(). Create two subclasses
WashingMachine and Refrigerator that implement the turnOn() method.

abstract class Appliance {

abstract void turnOn();

class WashingMachine extends Appliance {

@Override

void turnOn() {

System.out.println("Washing Machine is now ON");

class Refrigerator extends Appliance {

@Override

void turnOn() {

System.out.println("Refrigerator is now ON");

public class ApplianceTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Appliance appliance1 = new WashingMachine();

appliance1.turnOn();

Appliance appliance2 = new Refrigerator();

appliance2.turnOn();

}
Question 2:

Create a program where you define an abstract class BankAccount with an abstract method calculateInterest(). Then,
create two concrete classes SavingsAccount and CurrentAccount that provide their implementations of calculateInterest().

abstract class BankAccount {

abstract void calculateInterest();

class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {

@Override

void calculateInterest() {

System.out.println("Calculating interest for Savings Account");

class CurrentAccount extends BankAccount {

@Override

void calculateInterest() {

System.out.println("Calculating interest for Current Account");

public class BankTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

BankAccount account1 = new SavingsAccount();

account1.calculateInterest();

BankAccount account2 = new CurrentAccount();

account2.calculateInterest();

}
Question 3:

Write a Java program to model a generic class Vehicle with an abstract method move(). Create subclasses Car and Bicycle
that implement the move() method to describe their own ways of movement.

abstract class Vehicle {

abstract void move();

class Car extends Vehicle {

@Override

void move() {

System.out.println("Car is moving on the road");

class Bicycle extends Vehicle {

@Override

void move() {

System.out.println("Bicycle is moving on the cycle path");

public class VehicleTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Vehicle vehicle1 = new Car();

vehicle1.move();

Vehicle vehicle2 = new Bicycle();

vehicle2.move();

}
Question 4:

Create a Java program with an interface Shape with a method draw(). Implement the draw() method in the concrete
classes Circle and Rectangle.

interface Shape {

void draw(); // Interface method (no need for 'abstract' keyword)

class Circle implements Shape {

@Override

public void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a Circle");

class Rectangle implements Shape {

@Override

public void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a Rectangle");

public class ShapeTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape shape1 = new Circle();

shape1.draw();

Shape shape2 = new Rectangle();

shape2.draw();

}
Question 5:

Write a program to simulate a PaymentSystem using an interface PaymentMethod with a method processPayment().
Implement subclasses CreditCard and PayPal with specific payment processing logic.

interface PaymentMethod {

void processPayment(); // Interface method (no need for 'abstract' keyword)

class CreditCard implements PaymentMethod {

@Override

public void processPayment() {

System.out.println("Processing payment through Credit Card");

class PayPal implements PaymentMethod {

@Override

public void processPayment() {

System.out.println("Processing payment through PayPal");

public class PaymentSystemTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

PaymentMethod payment1 = new CreditCard();

payment1.processPayment();

PaymentMethod payment2 = new PayPal();

payment2.processPayment();

}
3. Exception Handling

Question 1:

Write a Java program that handles an ArithmeticException by catching it and displaying an appropriate message when
dividing by zero.

public class ArithmeticExceptionTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

int result = 10 / 0;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

System.out.println("Error: Division by zero");

Question 2:

Write a Java program that reads a number from the user and catches a NumberFormatException if the input is not a valid
integer.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NumberFormatExceptionTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a number: ");

try {

int number = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());

System.out.println("You entered: " + number);

} catch (NumberFormatException e) {

System.out.println("Error: Invalid number format");

}
Question 3:

Write a Java program that handles multiple exceptions in a single catch block. For example, handle ArithmeticException
and NullPointerException in the same catch block.

public class MultipleExceptionsTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

int[] array = new int[5];

array[10] = 50; // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

String str = null;

str.length(); // NullPointerException

} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException | NullPointerException e) {

System.out.println("Error: " + e.getClass().getSimpleName());

Question 4:

Create a program that uses a finally block to close a database connection, even if an exception occurs during the database
operation.

import java.sql.*;

public class FinallyTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Connection connection = null;

try {

connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin://localhost:1521:xe", "user", "password");

System.out.println("Database connected successfully");

} catch (SQLException e) {

System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());

} finally {

if (connection != null) {

try {
 connection.close();

System.out.println("Connection closed");

} catch (SQLException e) {

System.out.println("Error closing connection");

4. Threads

Question 1:

Write a Java program that creates a thread by extending the Thread class. In the run() method, print numbers from 1 to 10
with a delay of 1 second between each print.

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {

System.out.println(i);

try {

Thread.sleep(1000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(e);

public class ThreadTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread thread = new MyThread();

thread.start();

}
Question 2:

Create a program that creates two threads using the Runnable interface. One thread should print even numbers from 1 to
20, and the other thread should print odd numbers from 1 to 20.

class EvenNumbers implements Runnable {

public void run() {

for (int i = 2; i <= 20; i += 2) {

System.out.println(i);

class OddNumbers implements Runnable {

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 19; i += 2) {

System.out.println(i);

public class ThreadTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread evenThread = new Thread(new EvenNumbers());

Thread oddThread = new Thread(new OddNumbers());

evenThread.start();

oddThread.start();

Question 3:

Write a Java program that uses Thread.sleep() to simulate a process that pauses for 5 seconds before continuing. Print a
message before and after the sleep.
public class SleepTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Before sleep");

try {

Thread.sleep(5000); // Sleep for 5 seconds

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(e);

System.out.println("After sleep");

Question 4:

Write a Java program that creates two threads. The first thread should print numbers from 1 to 5, and the second thread
should print letters from 'A' to 'E'. Use Thread.join() to ensure the first thread completes before the second thread starts.

class PrintNumbers implements Runnable {

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

System.out.println(i);

public class JoinTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

Thread thread = new Thread(new PrintNumbers());

thread.start();

thread.join(); // Main thread waits for this thread to finish

System.out.println("Thread completed");