Chapter 2

The Decision Control

(a) main( )
{
int a = 300, b, c ;
if ( a >= 400 )
b = 300 ;
c = 200 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d", b, c ) ;
}

Output:0 200

(b) main( )
{
int a = 500, b, c ;
if ( a >= 400 )
b = 300 ;
c = 200 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d", b, c ) ;
}

Output:300 200

(c) main( )
{
int x = 10, y = 20 ;
if ( x == y ) ;
printf ( "\n%d %d", x, y ) ;
}
Output:10 20

(d) main( )
{
int x = 3, y = 5 ;
if ( x == 3 )
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
 else ;
printf ( "\n%d", y ) ;
}
Output:3
5

(e) main( )
{
int x = 3 ;
float y = 3.0 ;
if ( x == y )
printf ( "\nx and y are equal" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nx and y are not equal" ) ;
}
Output:x and y are equal

(f) main( )
{
int x = 3, y, z ;
y = x = 10 ;
z = x < 10 ;
printf ( "\nx = %d y = %d z = %d", x, y, z ) ;
}
Output:x =10 y =10 z =0

g) main( )
{
int k = 35 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d %d", k == 35, k = 50, k > 40 ) ;
}
Output:0 50 0

(h) main( )
{
int i = 65 ;
char j = 'A' ;
if ( i == j )
printf ( "C is WOW" ) ;
else
printf( "C is a headache" ) ;
}
Output:C is WOW
(i) main( )
{
int a = 5, b, c ;
b = a = 15 ;
c = a < 15 ;
printf ( "\na = %d b = %d c = %d", a, b, c ) ;
}
Output:a = 15 b = 15 c =0

(j) main( )
{
int x = 15 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d %d", x != 15, x = 20, x < 30 ) ;
}
Output:0 20 1

[B] Point out the errors, if any, in the following programs:

(a) main( )
{
float a = 12.25, b = 12.52 ;
if ( a = b )
printf ( "\na and b are equal" ) ;
}
Error:We need to use ==(equality operator) instead of using = inside of if() statement

(b) main( )
{
int j = 10, k = 12 ;
if ( k >= j )
{
{
k=j;
j=k;
}
}
}
Error:There are extra {} inside if() statement due to which it will not give any output
(c) main( )
{
if ( 'X' < 'x' )
printf ( "\ascii value of X is smaller than that of x" ) ;
}
Error:No Error
(d) main( )
{
int x = 10 ;
if ( x >= 2 ) then
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}
Error:value of x will not be printed because then is written after if() statement
(e) main( )
{
int x = 10 ;
if x >= 2
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}
Error:There are no () after if statement
(f) main( )
{
int x = 10, y = 15 ;
if ( x % 2 = y % 3 )
printf ( "\nCarpathians" ) ;
}
Error:We need to use ==(equality operator) instead of using = inside of if() statement
(g) main( )
{
int x = 30 , y = 40 ;
if ( x == y )
printf( "x is equal to y" ) ;
elseif ( x > y )
printf( "x is greater than y" ) ;
elseif ( x < y )
printf( "x is less than y" ) ;
}
Error:No Error

(h) main( )
{
int x = 10 ;
if ( x >= 2 ) then
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}
Error:value of x will not be printed because then is written after if() statement

(i) main( )
{
int a, b ;
 scanf ( "%d %d",a, b ) ;
if ( a > b ) ;
printf ( "This is a game" ) ;
else
printf ( "You have to play it" ) ;
}
Error:After if(a>b) there is “;” making it unable to execute any function after it as attended
[D] What would be the output of the following programs:

(a) main( )
{
int i = 4, z = 12 ;
if ( i = 5 || z > 50 )
printf ( "\nDean of students affairs" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nDosa" ) ;
}
Output:Dean of students affairs

(b) main( )
{
int i = 4, z = 12 ;
if ( i = 5 && z > 5 )
printf ( "\nLet us C" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nWish C was free !" ) ;
}
Output:Let us C

(c) main( )
{
int i = 4, j = -1, k = 0, w, x, y, z ;
w = i || j || k ;
x = i && j && k ;
y = i || j && k ;
z = i && j || k ;
printf ( "\nw = %d x = %d y = %d z = %d", w, x, y, z ) ;
}
Output:w = 1 x = 0 y = 1 z =1

(d) main( )
{
int i = 4, j = -1, k = 0, y, z ;
y = i + 5 && j + 1 || k + 2 ;
z = i + 5 || j + 1 && k + 2 ;
printf ( "\ny = %d z = %d", y, z ) ;
}
Output:y =1 z =1

(e) main( )
{
int i = -3, j = 3 ;
if ( !i + !j * 1 )
printf ( "\nMassaro" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nBennarivo" ) ;
}
Output:Bennarivo
(f) main( )
{
int a = 40 ;
if ( a > 40 && a < 45 )
printf ( "a is greater than 40 and less than 45" ) ;
else
printf ( "%d", a ) ;
}
Output:40
(g) main( )
{
int p = 8, q = 20 ;
if ( p == 5 && q > 5 )
printf ( "\nWhy not C" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nDefinitely C !" ) ;
}
Output:Definitely C !
(h) main( )
{
int i = -1, j = 1, k ,l ;
k = i && j ;
l = i || j ;
printf ( "%d %d", I, j ) ;
}
Output:1 1
(i) main( )
{
int x = 20 , y = 40 , z = 45 ;
if ( x > y && x > z )
printf( "x is big" ) ;
else if ( y > x && y > z )
printf( "y is big" ) ;
else if ( z > x && z > y )
printf( "z is big" ) ;
}
Output:z is big
(j) main( )
{
int i = -1, j = 1, k ,l ;
k = !i && j ;
l = !i || j ;
printf ( "%d %d", k, l ) ;
}
Output:0 1
(k) main( )
{
int j = 4, k ;
k = !5 && j ;
printf ( "\nk = %d", k ) ;
}
Output:0

[E] Point out the errors, if any, in the following programs:

(a)/* This program

(b) main( )
{
int code, flag ;
if ( code == 1 & flag == 0 )
printf ( "\nThe eagle has landed" ) ;
}
Error:Incorrect because of single &(correct is &&)
(c) main( )
{
char spy = 'a', password = 'z' ;
if ( spy == 'a' or password == 'z' )
printf ( "\nAll the birds are safe in the nest" ) ;
}
Error:Incorrect because of or(correct is ||)
(d) main( )
{
int i = 10, j = 20 ;
if ( i = 5 ) && if ( j = 10 )
printf ( "\nHave a nice day" ) ;
}
Error:We need to use ==(equality operator) instead of using = inside of if() statement

(e) main( )
{
int x = 10 , y = 20;
if ( x >= 2 and y <=50 )
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}
Error:Incorrect because of and(correct is &&)

(f) main( )
{
int a, b ;
if ( a == 1 & b == 0 )
printf ( "\nGod is Great" ) ;
}
Error:Incorrect because of single &(correct is &&)

(g) main( )
{
int x = 2;
if ( x == 2 && x != 0 ) ;
{
printf ( "\nHi" ) ;
printf( "\nHello" ) ;
}
else
printf( "Bye" ) ;
}
Error:No Error
(h) main( )
{
int i = 10, j = 10 ;
if ( i && j == 10)
printf ( "\nHave a nice day" ) ;
}
Error:The variable i has no comparison value in the if statement
[G] What would be the output of the following programs:
(a) main( )
{
int i = -4, j, num ;
j = ( num < 0 ? 0 : num * num ) ;
printf ( "\n%d", j ) ;
}
Output:num not initialized

(b) main( )
{
int k, num = 30 ;
k = ( num > 5 ? ( num <= 10 ? 100 : 200 ) : 500 ) ;
printf ( "\n%d", num ) ;
}
Output:200

(c) main( )
{
int j = 4 ;
( !j != 1 ? printf ( "\nWelcome") : printf ( "\nGood Bye") ) ;
}
Output:Welcome

[I] Rewrite the following programs using conditional operators.

main()
{
int x, min, max ;
scanf ( "\n%d %d", &max, &x );
x>max?(max=x):(min=x);
}

(b) main( )
{
int code ;
scanf ( "%d", &code ) ;
if ( code > 1 )
printf ( "\nJerusalem" ) ;
else
if ( code < 1 )
printf ( "\nEddie" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nC Brain" ) ;
}
Using Conditional Operators:
main()
{
int code ;
scanf ( "%d", &code ) ;
code>1?printf("\nJerusalem"):(code<1?printf("\nEddie"):printf("\nC Brain"));
}

(c) main( )
{
float sal ;
printf ("Enter the salary" ) ;
scanf ( "%f", &sal ) ;
if ( sal < 40000 && sal > 25000 )
printf ( "Manager" ) ;
else
if ( sal < 25000 && sal > 15000 )
printf ( "Accountant" ) ;
else
printf ( "Clerk" ) ;
}
Using Conditional Operators:
main()
{
float sal ;
 printf ("Enter the salary:" ) ;
scanf ( "%f", &sal ) ;
sal<40000&&sal>25000?printf("Manager"):(sal<25000&&sal>15000?
printf("Accountant"):printf("Clerk"));
}