TOPPERS COS ACADEMY PVT LTD

Time : 3 Hour CLASS 12 ( MATHS BY RANVEER SIR) Total Marks : 80

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 4

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options.[1 Marks Each] [18]

1. a 0 0
⎡ ⎤
Let A = ⎢0 a 0⎥ , then A
n
is equal to
⎣ ⎦
0 0 a

n n n
a 0 0 na 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
(A) ⎢ 0 a 0⎥ (B) ⎢ 0 na 0 ⎥ (C) ⎢ 0 a
n
0 ⎥ (D) ⎢ 0 a
n
0⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ n ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 0 a 0 0 na 0 0 a 0 0 a

n
a 0 0
⎡ ⎤
Ans. : (c) ⎢0 a
n
0 ⎥
⎣ n ⎦
0 0 a

a 0 0
⎡ ⎤
Explanation: A = ⎢ 0 a 0⎥
⎣ ⎦
0 0 a

a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
A
n
= ⎢0 a 0⎥ ×⎢0 a 0⎥ ×⎢0 a 0⎥ ×⎢0 a 0⎥…{ n times, (where
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 a

n ∈ N )}

n
a 0 0
⎡ ⎤
n n
A = ⎢ 0 a 0 ⎥
⎣ n ⎦
0 0 a

2. 3 − 2x x+1
If the matrix A = [ ] is singular then x = ?
2 4

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) −1 (D) −2

Ans. : (a) 1
Explanation: When a given matrix is singular then the given matrix determinant is
0.
|A| = 0

3 − 2x x+1
Given, A = ( )
2 4

Page 1
 |A| = 0

4(3 − 2x) − 2(x + 1) = 0

12 − 8x − 2x − 2 = 0

10 − 10x = 0

10(1 − x) = 0

x = 1

3. If A and B are invertible matrices, then which of the following is not correct?
(A) (AB) −1
= B
−1
A
−1

(B) (A + B) −1
= B
−1
+A
−1

(C) det(A) −1
= [det(A)]
−1

(D) adj A = |A| ⋅ A −1

Ans. : (b) (A + B) = B + A −1 −1 −1

Explanation: Since, A and B are invertible matrices.

−1 −1 −1
(AB) = B A … (i)

We know that, A −1
=
1

|A|
(adj A)

−1
⇒ adj A = |A| ⋅ A … (ii)

Also, det(A) −1
= [det(A)]
−1

−1 1
⇒ det(A) =
∣det(A)]

⇒ det(A) ⋅ det(A)
−1
= 1… (iii)
Which is true,
So, only option d is incorrect.
4. Let f (x) = [x] + √−
x , where [∙] and
− 2
[∙] respectively denotes the greatest integer
and fractional part functions, then
(A) f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0
(B) f (x) is non differentiable ∀x ∈ Z

(C) f (x) is discontinuous ∀x ∈ Z − {1}

(D) f (x) is continuous at all integral points

Ans. : (c) f (x) is discontinuous ∀x ∈ Z − {1}

Explanation:f (x) is discontinuous ∀x ∈ Z − {1}

5. Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (1, 2, 3) and is
parallel to the vector 3^
i + 2^
^
j − 2k

(A) r⃗ = ^
i + 2^
^
j + 3k + λ(3^
i + 2^
^
j − 2k. )λ ∈ R

(B) 2i + 2^
r⃗ = ˆ ^ + λ(3^
j + 3k i + 2^ ^. )λ ∈ R
j − 2k

(C) r ⃗ = 4^
i + 2^ ^ + λ(3^
j + 3k i + 2^ ^. )λ ∈ R
j − 2k

(D) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = 3 i + 2 j + 3k + λ(3 i + 2 j − 2k)λ ∈ R

Page 2
 Ans. : (a) r ⃗ = ^i + 2^j + 3k
^
+ λ(3 i + 2 j − 2k . ), λ ∈ R
^ ^ ^

Explanation: The equation of the line which passes through the point (1, 2, 3) and
is parallel to the vector
3^
i + 2^ , let vector a⃗ = ^i + ^j + k
^
j − 2k
^
and vector ⃗
b = 3^
i + 2^
^
j − 2k

the equation of line is:

⃗ ^ ^
a⃗ + λb = (^
i +^
j + k) + λ(3^
i + 2^
j − 2k)

6. The order of the differential equation of all circles of given radius a is:
(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Ans. : (c) 2
Explanation: Let the equation of given family be (x − h) + (y − k) = a . It has two 2 2 2

arbitrary constants h and k. Therefore, the order of the given differential equation
will be 2 .
7. By graphical method solution of LLP maximize z = x + y subject to
x + y ≤ 2x; y ≥ 0 obtained at

(A) at infinite number of points (B) only two points

(C) only one point (D) at definite number of points

Ans. : (a) at infinite number of points

Explanation:

Feasible region is shaded region with corner points (0, 0), (2, 0) and (0, 2)
Z(0, 0) = 0
Z(2, 0) = 2 ⟵ maximise

Z(0, 2) = 2 ⟵ maximise

Zmax = 2 obtained at (2, 0) and (0, 2) so is obtained at any point on line segment
joining (2, 0) and (0, 2) .
8. The domain of the function cos
−1
(2x − 1) is
(A) [0, π] (B) [−1, 1] (C) [0, 1] (D) (−1, 0)

Page 3
 Ans. : (c) [0, 1]

Explanation: We have f (x) = cos

−1
(2x − 1)

Since, −1 ≤ 2x − 1 ≤ 1

⇒ 0 ≤ 2x ≤ 2

⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

∴ x ∈ [0, 1]

9. ∫
π/2 cos x
dx equals
0 (2+sin x)(1+sin x)

(A) log( 3

4
) (B) log( 3

2
) (C) log( 4

3
) (D) log( 2

3
)

Ans. : (c) log(

4

3
)

Explanation: log(
4

3
)

Let I = ∫
0
2 cos x

(2+sin x)(1+sin x)
dx

Let sin x = t then cos x dx = dt

When x = 0, t = 0x =
π

2
,t = 1

Therefore the integral becomes

1 dt
I = ∫
0 (2+t)(1+t)

1 −1 1
= ∫ [ + ] dt
0 2+t 1+t

1
= [− log(2 + t) + log(1 + t)]0

1
= [log(1 + t) − log(2 + t)]
0

= log 2 − log 3 − log 1 + log 2

4
= log
3

10. 1 0 2 x
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
If [x −5 −1 ] ⎢ 0 2 1⎥⎢4 ⎥ = 0 , then the value of x is
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
2 0 3 1

– – – –
(A) ±6√5 (B) 5√5 (C) ±4√3 (D) ±3√5

Ans. : (c)
–
±4√3

1 0 2 x
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
Explanation: Given, [ x −5 −1 ] ⎢ 0 2 1⎥⎢4 ⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
2 0 3 1

⇒ x × 1 + (−5) × 0 + (−1) × 2x × 0 + (−5) × 2 + (−1) × 0

x
⎡ ⎤
x × 2 + (−5) × 1 + (−1) × 3] ⎢ 4 ⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎦
1

Page 4
 x
⎡ ⎤
⇒ [ x − 2 − 102x − 8 ] ⎢ 4 ⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎦
1

⇒ [(x − 2) × x + (−10) × 4 + (2x − 8) × 1] = 0

2
⇒ x − 2x − 40 + 2x − 8 = 0

2
⇒ x = 48
−− –
⇒ x = ±√48 = ±4√3

11. Objective function of an LPP is

(A) a function to be optimized (B) a function between the variables
(C) a constraint (D) a relation between the variables

Ans. : (a) a function to be optimized

Explanation:a function to be optimized
The objective function of a linear programming problem is either to be maximized
or minimized i.e. objective function is to be optimized.
12. The vector in the direction of the vector ^
i − 2^ ^
j + 2k that has magnitude 9 is
(A) ^i − 2^j + 2k
^
(B) 3(^i − 2^j + 2k
^
) (C) 9(^i − 2^j + 2k
^
)
(D)
^ ^ ^
i −2 j +2 k

Ans. : (b) 3(^

i − 2^ ^)
j + 2k

Explanation: Let a⃗ = ^
i − 2^
^
j + 2k

Unit vector in the direction of a vector a

^ ^ ^ ^ ^
i −2 j +2 k i−2 j +2 k
a⃗
= = =
|a⃗ |
2
√1 + 2 + 2
2 2 3

∴ Vector in the direction of a with magnitude 9

i−2j+2k
= 9⋅
3
= 3(i − 2j + 2k) .
13. ∣1 0 0∣

If , then the value of equals

∣ ∣
A = 1 1 2 det(Adj(Adj A))
∣ ∣
∣3 −1 9∣

(A) 14641 (B) 121 (C) 11 (D) 1331

Ans. : (a) 14641

Explanation: We know that, for a square matrix of order n,if |A| ≠ 0

n−2
Adj(Adj A) = |A| A(∵ n = 3)

3−2
∴ Adj(Adj A) = |A| A(∵ n = 3)

= |A|A

4
3
∴ ∣ ∣
∣Adj(Adj A) = ∣|A|A∥ = |A| det A∣ ∣
∣ A∣

4
= 11 = 14641

Page 5
14. If A and B are independent events such that P (A) =
1
, P (A ∪ B) =
7
, then what
5 10

is P (B̄) equal to?

(A) 3

8
(B) 7

9
(C) 3

7
(D) 2

Ans. : (a) 3

Explanation: Given that,

1 7
P (A) = , P (A ∪ B) =
5 10

Also, A and B are independent events,

∴ P (A ∩ B) = P (A) ⋅ P (B)

⇒ P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∪ B) = P (A) ⋅ P (B)

1 7 1
⇒ + P (B) − = × P (B)
5 10 5

P (B)
7 1 5
⇒ P (B) − = − =
5 10 5 10

4P (B) 1 5
⇒ = ⇒ P (B) =
5 2 8

5 3
∴ P (B̄) = 1 − P (B) = 1 − =
8 8

15.
Degree of the differential equation sin x + cos(
dy

dx
) = y
2
is
(A) 2 (B) no defined (C) 0 (D) 1

Ans. : (b) not defined

Explanation: not defined
16. If |a⃗ × b|⃗ = 4, |a⃗ ⋅ b|⃗ = 2 , then 2
|a⃗| |b|⃗
2
=

(A) 2 (B) 20 (C) 8 (D) 6

Ans. : (b) 20
Explanation: We know that
2 2
⃗
(a⃗ ⋅ b)
2 ⃗
+ (a⃗ × b)
2
= |a⃗| |b|⃗

2 ⃗ 2 2 4
|a⃗| ⋅ |b| = 2 + 4

2
⃗ 2
|a⃗| ⋅ |b| = 20

17. If y = tan
−1 cos x
then dy
= ?
1+sin x dx

(A) 1

2
(B) 1 (C) 0 (D) −1

Ans. : (d) −1

Explanation: Given that y = tan

−1
(
cos x

1+sin x
)

Using cos x = cos 2 x

2
− sin
2 x

2
, sin x = 2 sin
x

2
cos
x

2
and cos
2
θ + sin
2
θ = 1

Therefore,

Page 6
 x x x x
2 x 2 x
cos − sin (cos −sin )(cos +sin )
2 2 2 2
−1 2 2 −1
y = tan ( x 2 x x x ) = tan ( 2
)
2
cos + sin +2 sin cos x x
2 2 2 2 (cos +sin )
2 2

x x
cos −sin
−1 2 2
⇒ y = tan x x
cos +sin
2 2

Dividing by cos
x

2
in numerator and denominator, we get
x
1−tan
−1 2
y = tan x
1+tan
2

Using tan(
π

4
− x) =
1−tan x

1+tan x
, we obtain
−1 π x
y = tan tan( − )
4 2

π x
= −
4 2

Differentiating with respect to x, we

dy 1
= −
dx 2

18. The cartesian equation of a line is given by 2x−1

=
y+2
=
z−3
The direction cosines
√3 2 3

of the line is

(A)
√3
,
−4
,
6 (B) √55
3
,
4

√55
,
6

√55
(C)
√3
,
4
,
6
(D) −3
,
4
,
6

√55 √55 √55

√55 √55 √55 √55 √55 √55

Ans. : (c)
√3 4 6
, ,
√55 √55 √55

Explanation: Rewrite the given line as

1
2(x− )
2 y+2 z−3
r = =
√3 2 3

1
x−
2 y+2 z−3
or = =
√3 4 6

∴ DR's of line are √–

3, 4 and 6

Therefore, direction cosines are:

or
√3 4 6 √3 4 6
, , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 √55 √55 √55
√(√3) + 4 + 6 √(√3) + 4 + 6 √(√3) + 4 + 6

* a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). [2]

Choose the correct option.

19. Assertion (A): If manufacturer can sell x items at a price of ₹ (5 −

x
) each. The
100

cost price of x items is ₹ ( + 500) x

Then, the number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit is 240 items.
Reason (R): The profit for selling x items is given by
2
24 x
x− − 300
5 100

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.

Page 7
 Ans. : (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Let S(x) be the selling price of x items and let C(x) be the cost price of
x items.
Then, we have
2
x x
S(x) = (5 − ) x = 5x −
100 100

x
and C(x) = + 500
5

Thus, the profit function P(x) is given by

2
x x
P (x) = S(x) − C(x) = 5x − − − 500
100 5

2
24 x
i.e. P (x) = x− − 500
5 100

On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

′ 24 x
P (x) = −
5 50

Now, P ′
(x) = 0 gives x = 240 .
Also, P ′
(x) =
−1

50
.
So, P ′
(240) =
−1

50
< 0

Thus, x = 240 is a point of maxima.

Hence, the manufacturer can earn maximum profit, if he sells 240 items.
20. Assertion (A): Let A = {1, 5, 8, 9}, B = {4, 6} and f = {(1, 4), (5, 6), (8, 4), (9, 6)} , then f
is a bijective function.
Reason (R): Let A = {1, 5, 8, 9}, B = {4, 6} and f = {(1, 4), (5, 6), (8, 4), (9, 6)} , then f is
a surjective function.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true
Ans. : (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: We have, A = {1, 5, 8, 9}, B = {4, 6} and f = {(1, 4), (5, 6), (8, 4), (9, 6)}
So, all elements of B has a domain element on A or we can say elements 1 and 8 5
and 9 have some range 4 6, respectively.
Therefore, f : A → B is a surjective function not one to one function.
Also, for a bijective function, f must be both one to one onto.

* Given Section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [10]

21. For the principal value, evaluate cot[ sin

−1
{cos(tan
−1
1)}]

Page 8
 Ans. :
−1 π
We know that tan 1 =
4

−1 −1
∴ cot[ sin {cos(tan 1)}]

−1 π −1 1 π
= cot{sin (cos )} = cot( sin ) = cot = 1
4 √2 4

OR
* Which is greater, tan 1 or tan
−1
1?

Ans. : From Fig. we note that tan x is an increasing function in the interval 1(
−π

2
,
π

2
) ,
since 1;
π

4
⇒ tan 1; tan
π

4
. This gives
tan 1; 1
π
⇒ tan 1; 1;
4

−1
⇒ tan 1; 1; tan (1)

22. Show that f (x) = sin x − cos x is an increasing function on (

−π
,
π
) .
4 4

Ans. : Given: f(x) = sin x - cos x

f (x) = cos x + sin x
– 1 1
= √2 ( cos x + sin x)
√2 √2

– sin π cos π
= √2 ( cos x + sin x)
4 4
– π
= √2 sin( + x)
4

Now,
π π
x ∈ (− , )
4 4

π π
⇒ − < x <
4 4

π π
⇒ 0 < +x <
4 2

∘ π π
⇒ sin 0 < sin( + x) < sin
4 2

π
⇒ 0 < sin( + x) < 1
4
– π
⇒ √2 sin( + x); 0
4

′
= f (x); 0

Hence, f(x) is an increasing function on (

−π

4
,
π

4
)

23. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at a speed of 4
cm/s. At the instant, when the radius of the circular wave is 10 cm, how fast is
the enclosed area increasing?

Page 9
 Ans. : Let A be the area of the circle of radius r.
Then, A = πr 2

Therefore, the rate of change of area A with respect to time 't' is

dA

dt
=
d

dt
(πr ) =
2 d

dr
2
(πr ) ⋅
dr

dt
= 2πr
dr

dt
...(By Chain Rule)
Given that dr

dt
= 4cm/s

Therefore, when r = 10,

dA

dt
= 2π × 10 × 4 = 80π

Thus, the enclosed area is increasing at a rate of 80πcm /s

2
, when r = 10cm .
OR
* Show that the function f (x) = x
100
+ sin x − 1 is increasing on the interval (
π

2
, π)

Ans. : Given interval : x ∈ (π/2, π)

⇒ π/2 < x < π

99
x > 1

99
100x > 100

Again, x ∈ (π/2, π) ⇒ −1 < cos x < 0 ⇒ 0 > cos x > −1

99
100x > 100 and cos x > −1

99
100x + cos x > 100 − 1 = 99

99
100x + cos x > 0

′
f (x) > 0

Thus f (x) is increasing on (π/2, π)

24. Evaluate: ∫ tan

3
x sec
3
xdx

Ans. : Let I = ∫ tan

3
x sec
3
xdx , then we have
2 2 2 2
I = ∫ tan x sec x(sec x tan x)dx = ∫ (sec x − 1) sec x(sec x tan x)dx

Substituting sec x = t and sec x tan x dx = dt, we obtain

5 3
2 2 4 2 t t 1 5 1 3
I = ∫ (t − 1) t dt = ∫ (t − t ) dt = − +C = sec x− sec x+C
5 3 5 3

25. ∣ x sin θ cos θ ∣

Prove that the determinant ∣

∣
− sin θ −x 1
∣
∣
is independent of θ .
∣ cos θ 1 x ∣

x sin θ cos θ
⎡ ⎤
Ans. : Let Δ = ⎢ − sin θ −x 1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
cos θ 1 x

∣ −x 1∣ ∣ − sin θ 1∣ ∣ − sin θ −x ∣
Expanding along first row, Δ = x ∣ ∣ − sin θ ∣ ∣ + cos θ ∣ ∣ ,
∣ 1 x∣ ∣ cos θ x∣ ∣ cos θ 1 ∣

2
⇒ Δ = x (−x − 1) − sin θ(−x sin θ − cos θ) + cos θ(− sin θ + x cos θ)

3 2 2
⇒ Δ = −x − x + x sin θ + sin θ cos θ − sin θ cos θ + x cos θ

3 2 2 3 3
⇒ Δ = −x − x + x (sin θ + cos θ) = −x − x + x = −x

which is independent of θ

Page 10
 [18]
* Given Section consists of questions of 3 marks each.

26. Evaluate the integral: ∫

0
π

2 2
x
2 2
dx
a cos x+ b sin x

Ans. : We have,
π x
I = ∫ dx
0 2 2 2 2
a cos x+ b sin x

Using property of definite integral we have,

π (π−x)
= ∫ 2
dx
0 2 2 2
a cos (π−x)+ b sin (π−x)

π π−x
= ∫ 2 2
dx … (ii)
0 2 2
a cos x+ b sin x

Adding (i) and (ii)

π x+π−x
2I = ∫ 2 2
dx
0 2 2
a cos x+ b sin x

π 1
= π∫ 2 2
dx
0 2 2
a cos x+ b sin x

2
π sec x 2
= π∫ 2
dx … (Dividing numerator and denominator by cos x )
0 2 2
a +b tan x
π
2
2 sec x
= 2π ∫ dx
0 2 2 2
a +b tan x

2a a a
… [ Using ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (x)dx + ∫ f (2a − x)dx]
0 0 0

Put tan x = t
2
⇒ sec xdx = dt

When x → 0; t → 0
and x → ; t → ∞ π

2 dt
∴ 2I = 2π ∫0 2 2
2
a +b t

π 2 dt
⇒ I = 2
∫0 2
b a 2
+t
b2

∞
π b −1 bt
= 2
× [ tan ( )]
a a 0
b

π π
= [ − 0]
ab 2

π π
= ×
ab 2

2
π
=
2ab

Hence, I
2
π
=
2ab

27. In answering a question on a multiple choice questions test with four choices in
each question, out of which only one is correct, a student either guesses or
copies or knows the answer. The probability that he makes a guess 1

and the probability the he copies is also 1

4
The probability that the answer is
correct, given that he copied it is 3

4
Find the probability that he knows the
answer to the question, given that he correctly answered it.

Page 11
 Ans. : Let E1= Student guesses the answer
E2= Student copies the answer
E3 = Student knows the answer
A = Student answers the question correctly.
1 1 1 1 1
P (E1 ) = , P (E2 ) = , P (E3 ) = 1 − ( + ) =
4 4 4 4 2

1 3
P (A ∣ E1 ) = , P (A ∣ E2 ) = , P (A ∣ E3 ) = 1
4 4

The required probability

P (E3 )×P (A∣E3 )
= P (E3 ∣ A) = 3
∑ P (Ei )×P (A∣Ei )
i=1

1
×1
2
= 1 1 1 3 1
× + × + ×1
4 4 4 4 2

1 8 2
= 1 3
= =
12 3
+ +1
8 8

28. π

Evaluate the definite integral ∫

0
4 sin x cos x

4 4
dx
cos x+ sin x

Ans. :
π/4 sin x⋅cos x
I = ∫ dx
0 4 4
cos x+ sin x

Dividing Nr. and Dr. by cos4 x

sin x ⋅c os x

π/4 c os4 z
= ∫ dx
0 c os4 x sin 4 x
+
4 4
c os x c os x

π/4 2
tan x⋅sec x
= ∫ 4
dx
0 1+ tan x

π/4 2
tan x⋅sec x
= ∫ 2
dx
0 2
1+(tan x)

Put tan
2
x = t

2
2 tan x ⋅ sec xdx = dt

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x =

π

4
,t = 1

1 1 dt
∴ I = ∫ 2
2 0 1+t

1
1 −1
= [ tan t]
2 0

1 π π
= ⋅ =
2 4 8

OR
* Evaluate the definite integral: ∫
2
e
2x
(
1
−
1
) dx
1 x 2x
2

Ans. : We have,
2 1 1
2x
I = ∫ e ( − ) dx
1 x 2x
2

2 1 2 1
2x 2x
I = ∫ ⋅e −∫ 2
⋅e dx
1 x 1 2x

⇒ I = I1 − I2

Now, I (By parts we have)

2 1 2x
1 = ∫ e
1 x

Page 12
 2 2 2 2x
1 2x 1 e
⇒ I1 = [ ] ⋅∫ e dx − ∫ − 2
dx
x 1 1 1 x 2

2
2x 2
1 e 1 2x
⇒ I1 = [ ⋅ ] +∫ 2
e dx
x 2 1 2x
1

2
1 2x
⇒ I1 = [ e ] + I2
2x 1

As, I = I1 − I2

2
1 2x
⇒ I = [ e ] − I2 + I2
2x 1

2
1 2x 1 1 4 2
⇒ I = [ e ] = [ e −e ]
2x 1 2 2

1 2 2
⇒ I = e (e − 1)
4

29. Solve the following differential equation dy

2
= 1+x +y
2 2
+x y
2
, given that y = 1 ,
dx

when x = 0 .
Ans. : According to the question,
Given differential equation is,
dy
2 2 2 2
= 1+x +y +x y
dx

dy
2 2 2
⇒ = 1 (1 + x ) + y (1 + x )
dx

dy
2 2
⇒ = (1 + x ) (1 + y )
dx

dy
2
⇒ 2
= (1 + x ) dx
1+y

On integrating both sides, we get

dy
2
∫ 2
= ∫ (1 + x ) dx
1+y

3
−1 x
⇒ tan y = x+ + C.
3

Given that y = 1 when x = 0

On putting x = 0 and y = 1 in Eq. (i), we get
−1
tan 1 = C

−1 π
⇒ tan (tan π/4) = C [∵ tan = 1]
4

π
⇒ C =
4

On putting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get

3
−1 x π
tan y = x+ +
3 4

3
x π
∴ y = tan(x + + )
3 4

which is the required solution of differential equation.

OR
* Find the particular solution of the differential equation (xe
x/y
+ y) dx = xdy , given
that y(1) = 0
Ans. : The given differential equation can be rewritten as,
y
dy
xe x −y +x = 0
dx
 y
dy
⇒ x = y − xe x
dx
y
dy y
⇒ = ( )−e z
dx x

dy y
⇒ = f( )
dx x

⇒ the given differential equation is a homogenous equation.

The solution of the given differential equation is:
Put y = vx
dy dv
⇒ = v +x
dx dx
wx
dv vx
v +x = ( )−e x
dx x

dv v
⇒ x = −e
dx

dv −dx
⇒ x =
e x

Integrating both the sides we get:

dv dx
⇒ ∫ v = −∫ +c
e x

−v
⇒ −e = − In |x| + c

Resubstituting the value of y = vx we get

y
−( )
x
⇒ −e = − ln |x| + c

Now, y(1) = 0
−(0)
⇒ −e = − ln |1| + c

⇒ c = −1

−y/x
⇒ log |x| + e = 1

30. Let a⃗, b

⃗
and c⃗ be three vectors such that ⃗
|a⃗| = 3, |b| = 4, |c |⃗ = 5 and each one of
them being ⊥ to the sum of the other two, find ⃗
|a⃗ + b + c |⃗

Ans. : ⃗ ⃗ = 0, b ⃗ ⋅ (c ⃗ + a⃗) = 0, c ⃗ ⋅ (a⃗ + b)

a⃗ ⋅ (b + c )
⃗
= 0

(Given) ⃗
|a⃗ + b + c |⃗
2 ⃗ ⃗ ⋅ (a⃗ + b ⃗ + c )
= (a⃗ + b + c ) ⃗

= a⃗ ⋅ a⃗ + a⃗ ⋅ (b ⃗ + c )
⃗ + b ⃗ ⋅ b ⃗ + b ⃗ ⋅ (a⃗ + c ) ⃗
⃗ + c ⃗ ⋅ c ⃗ + c ⃗ ⋅ (a⃗ + b)

2 ⃗ 2 2
= |a⃗| + |b| + |c |⃗

= 9 + 16 + 25

= 50

⃗ −−
|a⃗ + b + c |⃗ = √50

–
= 5√2

OR
* If a⃗ = (^
i −^
j ), b ⃗ = (3^ ^)
j −k and c ⃗ = (7^ ^)
i −k , find a vector d⃗ which is perpendicular
to both a⃗ and b
⃗
and for which ⃗
c⃗ ⋅ d = 1
 Ans. :

^
Let a⃗ = a1 ^
i + a2 ^
j + a3 k

⃗ ⃗ ^) (^
d ⊥ a⃗, d ⋅ a⃗ = 0 ⇒ (a1 ^
ı + a2 ^
ȷ + a3 x i −^
j) = 0

⇒ a1 − a2 = 0 … (i)

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ^ ^
d ⊥ b, a⃗ ⋅ b = 0 ⇒ ( a1 ^
i + a2 ^
j + a3 k) (3j − k) = 0

⇒ 3a2 − a2 = 0 … (ii)

⃗
d c⃗ = 1 ⇒ ( a1 ^
i + a2 ^ ^) (7^
j + a3 k ^) = 1
i −k

⇒ 7a1 − a3 = 1 … (iii)

Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get 3a1 − a3 = 0 .

Again solving equation (iii) \& (iv) we get a1 =
1

From equation (i), a 1 − a2 = 0 or a1 = a2 =

1

From equation (ii), 3a 2 − a2 = 0 ⇒ 3 ⋅

1

4
= a3 ⇒ a3 =
3

Hence, d ⃗ = 1

4
^
i +
1

4
^
j +
3

4
^
k

31. Find dy
of the function (cos x)
y
= (cos y )
x
.
dx

Ans. : We have, (cos x) = (cos y) y x

On taking log both sides, we get

y x
log(cos x) = log(cos y )

⇒ y log(cos x) = x log(cos y)

On differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get

d d
y ⋅ log(cos x) + log cos x ⋅ (y)
dx dx

= x
dx
d
log(cos y) + log(cos y)
d

dx
(x) [by using product rule of derivative]
dy
1 d 1 d
⇒ y ⋅ (cos x) + log(cos x) = x⋅ (cos y) + log cos y ⋅ 1
cos x dx dx cos y dx

dy dy
1 1
⇒ y ⋅ (− sin x) + log(cos x) ⋅ = x⋅ (− sin y) + log cos y ⋅ 1
cos x dx cos y dx

dy dy
⇒ −y tan x + log(cos x) = −x tan y + log(cos y)
dx dx

dy
⇒ [x tan y + log(cos x)] = log(cos y) + y tan x
dx

dy log(cos y)+y tan x

∴ =
dx x tan y+log(cos x)

* Given Section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [20]

32. Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x

2
+y
2
≤ 4, x + y ≥ 2}

Ans. : According to Given question, Region is {(x, y) : x

2
+y
2
≤ 4, x + y ≥ 2}

The above region has a circle with equation x

2
+y
2
= 4

centre of the given circle is (0, 0)

Radius of given circle = 2
 The above region consists of line whose equation is
x+y=2........ (ii)
Point of intersection of line and circle is
2 2
⇒ x + (2 − x) = 4 [from Eq. (ii)]

2 2
⇒ x +4+x − 4x = 4

2
⇒ 2x − 4x = 0

⇒ 2x(x − 2) = 0

⇒ x = 0 or 2

When x = 0 then y = 2 + 0 = 2
When x = 2 then y = 2 - 2 = 0 So,
points of intersection are (0, 2) and (2, 0).
On drawing the graph, we get the shaded region as shown below:

Required area
2
= ∫ [ y(circle) − y(line )
] dx
0

2 −−−−−
= ∫ [ √4 − x2 − (2 − x)] dx[ From Eq(i) and (ii) ]
0

2 −−−−− 2
= ∫ √4 − x2 dx − ∫ (2 − x)dx
0 0

x
−−−−− 4 −1 x
2
= [ √4 − x2 + sin ]
2 2 2 0

2
x
2 −−
2
−−−−
2 x −−−−− − 2
a −1 x
− [2x − ] [∵ √a − x dx = √a2 − x2 + sin ( )]
2 2 2 a
0

−1 2 −1 4
= [0 + 2 sin ( ) − 0 − 2 sin 0] − (4 − − 0)
2 2

−1 4
= (2 sin −0) − (4 − )
2

π
= 2⋅ −2
2

= (π − 2) sq units

33. Let A = {1, 2, 3, … .9} and R be the relation in A×A defined by (a, b)R(c, d) if
a+d = b+c for (a, b), (c, d) in A×A . Prove that R is an equivalence relation and
also obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5)] .
Ans. : Given that A = {1, 2, 3, … .9}(a, b)R(c, d)a + d = b + c for (a, b) ∈ A × A and
(c, d) ∈ A × A .
Let (a, b)R(a, b)
 ⇒ a + b = b + a, ∀a, b ∈ A

Which is true for any a, b ∈ A Hence, R is reflexive.

Let (a, b) R (c, d)
a+d = b+c
c+b=d+a (c, d) R (a, b)
So, R is symmetric.
Let (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f)
a+d=b+c and c+f=d+e
a+d=b+c and d+e = c +f(a+d)-(d+e) = (b+c)-(c+f)
(a-e) = b-f
a+f=b+e
(a, b) R (e, f)
So, R is transitive.
Hence R is an equivalence relation.
Let (a,b) R (2,5), then a+5=b+2 a-b-3
If b < 3then a does not belong to A.
Therefore, possible values of b are ;3.
For b=4,5,6,7,8,9
a=1,2,3,4,5,6
Therefore, equivalence class of (2,5) is
(1,4),(2,5),(3,6),(4,7),(5,8),(6,9).
OR
* Let A = R − {3} and B = R − {1} . Consider the function f : A ⇒ B defined by

f (x) = (
x−2

x−3
) . Is f one-one and onto? Justify your answer.

Ans. : A = R − {3} and B = R − {1} and f (x) = (

x−2

x−3
)

Let x1 , x2 ∈ A , then f (x1 ) =

x1 −2

x1 −3
and f (x2 ) =
x2 −2

x2 −3

Now, for f (x1 ) = f (x2 )

x1 −2 x2 −3
⇒ =
x1 −3 x2 −3

⇒ (x1 − 2) (x2 − 3) = (x2 − 2) (x1 − 3)

⇒ x1 x2 − 3x1 − 2x2 + 6 = x1 x2 − 2x1 − 3x2 + 6

⇒ −3x1 − 2x2 = −2x1 − 3x2

= x1 = x2

∴ f is one-one function.
Now y =
x−2

x−3
 ⇒ y(x − 3) = x − 2

⇒ xy − 3y = x − 2

⇒ x(y − 1) = 3y − 2

3y−2
⇒ x =
y−1

3y−2
−2
3y−2 y−1 3y−2−2y+2
∴ f( ) = 3y−2
= = y
y−1 2y−2−3y+3
−3
y−1

⇒ f (x) = y

Therefore, f is an onto function

34. 3 1
If A = [ ] then show that A
2
− 5A + 7I = 0 and hence find A
−1 2

Ans. : Given A
2
− 5A + 7I = 0

8 5 15 5 7 0
L.H.S = [ ]−[ ]+[ ]
−5 3 −5 10 0 7

0 0
= [ ] = R.H.S
0 0

2
A = 5A − 7I

3 2
A = A ⋅A

2
= 5A − 7AI

2
= 5A − 7A( Since AI = A)

= 5(5A − 7I ) − 7A

= 25A − 35I − 7A

3
A = 18A − 35I

4 3
A = A ⋅A

= (18A − 35I ) ⋅ A

2
= 18A − 35I A

= 18(5A − 7I ) − 35A

= 90A − 126I − 35A

= 55A − 126I

3 1 1 0
= 55 [ ] − 126 [ ]
−1 2 0 1

165 55 −126 0
= [ ]+[ ]
−55 110 0 −126

4
39 55
A = [ ]
−55 −16

35. Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of
radius R is 8

27
of the volume of the sphere
 Ans. :

1 2 2
−−− −−−−
2 2
v = πr h [ r = √R − x ]
3

1 2 2
V = π ⋅ (R − x ) ⋅ (R + x)
2

dy 1 2 2
= π [(R − x ) (1) + (R + x)(−2x)]
dx 3

1
= π[(R + x)(R − x) − 2x(R + x)]
3

1
= π(R + x)[R − x − 2x]
3

1
= π(R + x)(R − 3x) … (1)
3

dv
Put = 0
dv

R = −x (neglecting)

R = 3x

R
= x
3

On again differentiating equation (1)

2
d v 1
2
= π[(R + x)(−3) + (R − 3x)(1)]
dx 3

2
d v 1 R R
= 2
] = π [(R + ) (−3) + (R − 3 ⋅ )]
dx R 3 3 3
x=
3

1 4R
π[ × −3 + 0]
3 3

−1
= π4R
3

2
d v
2
< 0 Hence maximum
dx

Now v =
1

3
π [(R
2 2
− x ) (R + x)] [x =
R

3
]

2
1 2 R R
v = π [( R −( ) ) (R + ( ))]
3 3 3

2
1 8R 4R
= π[ × ]
3 9 3

8 4 3
v = ( ) πR
27 3

8
v = Volume of sphere
27

Volume of cone =
8

27
of volume of sphere.
OR
* A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircular opening.
The total perimeter of the window is 10 m. Find the dimensions of the window to
admit maximum light through the whole opening
 Ans. :

Let P be the perimeter of window

1
P = 2x + 2r + × 2πr
2

10 = 2x + 2r + πr[P = 10]

10−2r−πr
x =
2

Let A be area of window

1 2
A = 2rx + πr
2

10−2r−πr 1 2
= 2r [ ] + πr
2 2

2 2 1 2
= 10r − 2r − πr + πr
2
2
2 πr
= 10r − 2r −
2

dA
= 10 − 4r − πr
dr
2
d A
2
= −(π + 4)
dr

dA
= 0
dr

10
r =
π+4

2
d A
2
< 0 maximum
dr

10−2r−πr
x =
2

10
x =
π+4

Length of rectangle = 2r =
20

π+4

width =
10

π+4

* Case study based questions [12]

36. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
A shopkeeper sells three types of flower seeds A1 A2 A3They are sold in the form
of a mixture, where the proportions of these seeds are 4 : 4 : 2 respectively. The
germination rates of the three types of seeds are 45%, 60% and 35%
respectively.
Based on the above information:
i. Calculate the probability that a randomly chosen seed will germinate. (1)
ii. Calculate the probability that the seed is of type A2, given that a randomly
chosen seed germinates. (1)
iii. A die is throw and a card is selected at random from a deck of 52 playing
cards. Then find the probability of getting an even number on the die and a
spade card. (2)
OR
If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) = P(A) , then find
P( A |B). 2)
Ans. :

4 4 2
Here, P (E1 ) = , P (E2 ) = , P (E3 ) =
10 10 10

A 45 A 60 A 35
P ( ) = ,P ( ) = ,P ( ) =
E1 100 E2 100 E3 100

A A A
∴ P (A) = P (E1 ) ⋅ P ( ) + P (E2 ) ⋅ P ( ) + P (E3 ) ⋅ P ( )
E1 E2 E3

4 45 4 60 2 35
= × + × + ×
10 100 10 100 10 100

180 240 70
= + +
1000 1000 100

490
= = 4.9
1000

E2
ii. Required probability = P ( )
A

A
P (E2 )⋅P ( )
E
2
=
P (A)

4 60
×
10 100
= 490

1000

240 24
= =
490 49

iii. Let,
E = Event for getting an even number on die and
1
 E2 = Event that a spade card is selected
3
∴ P (E1 ) =
6

1
=
2

and P (E2 ) =
13

52
=
1

Then, P (E1 ∩ E2 ) = P (E1 ) ⋅ P (E2 )

1 1 1
= , =
2 4 8

OR
P (A) + P (B) − P (A and B )= P (A)
⇒ P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B) = P (A)

⇒ P (B) − P (A ∩ B) = 0

⇒ P (A ∩ B) = P (B)

P (A∩B)
∴ P (A ∣ B) =
P (B)

P (B)
=
P (B)

= 1

37. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Consider the following diagram, where the forces in the cable are given.

i. What is the equation of the line along cable AD? (1)

ii. What is length of cable DC? (1)
iii. Find vector DB (2)
OR
What is sum of vectors along the cable? (2)
Ans. : i. Clearly, the coordinates of A are (8, 10, 0) and D are (0, 0, 30)
∴ Equation of AD is given by
x−0 y−0 z−30
= =
8−0 10−0 −30

z y 30−z
⇒ = =
4 5 15

ii. The coordinates of point C are (15,20, 0) and D are (0, 0, 30)
∴ Length of the cable DC
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √(0 − 15)2 + (0 + 20)2 + (30 − 0)2

−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− −−
= √225 + 400 + 900 = √1525 = 5√61 m

iii. Since, the coordinates of point B are (-6, 4, 0) and D are (0, 0, 30), therefore
vector DB is
 ^ ^ ^
(−6 − 0) i + (4 − 0) j + (0 − 30)k , i.e., −6^i + 4^j − 30k
^

OR
Required sum
^ ^ ^
= (8^
i + 10^
j − 30k) + (−6^
i + 4^
j − 30k) + (15^
i − 20^
j − 30k)

^
= 17^
i − 6^
j − 90k

38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Linear programming is a method for finding the optimal values (maximum or
minimum) of quantities subject to the constraints when a relationship is
expressed as linear equations or inequations.
i. At which points is the optimal value of the objective function attained? (1)
ii. What does the graph of the inequality 3x + 4y < 12 look like? (1)
iii. Where does the maximum of the objective function Z = 2x + 5y occur in
relation to the feasible region shown in the figure for the given LPP? (2)

OR
What are the conditions on the positive values of p and q that ensure the
maximum of the objective function Z = px + qy occurs at both the corner points
(15, 15) and (0, 20) of the feasible region determined by the given system of
linear constraints? (2? (2)
Ans. : When we solve an L.P.P. graphically, the optimal (or optimum) value of the
objective function is attained at corner points of the feasible region.
ii. From the graph of 3x + 4y < 12 it is clear that it contains the origin but not the

points on the line 3x + 4y = 12

iii. Maximum of objective function occurs at corner points
Corner Points Value of z = 2x + 5y
(0,0) 0
(7,0) 14
 (6,3) 27
(4,5) 33 ← Maximum
(0,6) 30
OR
Value of Z = px + qy at (15, 15) = 15p + 15q and that at (0, 20) = 20q . According to
given condition, we have 15p + 15q = 20q ⇒ 15p = 5q ⇒ q = 3p
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