FORCE, WORK, POWER AND ENERGY
1. A uniform half metre balances horizontally on a knife edge at 29 cm mark when a weight of
20gf is suspended from one end.
(i) Draw a diagram of the arrangement
(ii) What is the weight of the half metre rule?
2. A brass ball is hanging from a stiff cotton thread. Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the
forces acting on the brass ball and the cotton thread.
3. Why is a jack screw provided with a long arm?
4. State the energy changes in the following cases while in use:
(i) An electric iron (ii) a ceiling fan
5. (i) Why is the motion of a body moving with a constant speed around a circular path said to
be accelerated?
(ii) Name the physical quantity obtained by the formula 2K/V2. Where K = kinetic energy
and V = linear velocity
6. A force acts on a body and displaces it by a distance S in a direction at an angle θ with the
direction of force. What should be the value of θ to get the maximum positive work?
7. A half metre rod is pivoted at the centre with two weights of 20gf and 12gf suspended at a
perpendicular distance of 6 cm and 10 cm from the pivot respectively as shown below:
50 cm
20 gf 12 gf
6cm 10 cm
(i) Which of the two forces acting on the rigid rod causes clockwise moment?
(ii) Is the rod in equilibrium?
(iii) The direction of 20gf force is reversed. What is the magnitude of the resultant
moment of the forces on the rod?
8. Two bodies A and B have masses in the ratio 5:1 and their kinetic energies are in the ratio
125:9. Find the ratio of their velocities.
9. Define couple. State the SI unit of moment of couple.
10. A body of mass 10 kg is kept at a height of 5m. It is allowed to fall and reach the ground.
(i) What is the total mechanical energy possessed by the body at the height of 2m
assuming it is a frictionless medium?
(ii) What is the kinetic energy possessed by the body just before hitting the ground? Take
g = 10ms-2.
11. A uniform scale is in equilibrium as shown in the diagram:
5 cm 30 cm
0 cm 40 gf 100 cm
(i) Calculate the weight of the meter scale
(ii) Which of the following options is correct to keep the ruler in equilibrium when 40 gf
wt is shifted to 0 cm mark?
12. For a body to perform circular motion, ____________________.
a. Centrifugal force is equal to centripetal force
b. Centrifugal force is less than centripetal force
c. Centrifugal force is more than centripetal force
d. Centrifugal and centripetal forces cancel each other
13. What is the source of centripetal force for the following:
a. Motion of moon around the earth
b. Electrons revolving around the nucleus
14. With reference to their direction, how does the centripetal force differ from a centrifugal
force?
MACHINES
1. A pulley system has a velocity ratio 5. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the pulley system to
lift a load by applying the effort in a convenient direction. Mark the tension in your diagram.
(i) If the efficiency of the system is 80%, find its mechanical advantage
(ii) If a load of 10 kgf is pulled up by a distance of 2m in 10s, calculate the power
developed by the effort (given g = 10ms-2)
2. (i) In a single movable pulley, if the effort moves buy a distance 2x upwards, by what height
is the load raised?
(iii) In a single fixed pulley, the velocity ratio is more than the mechanical advantage.
Give reason
3. In which direction does the force need to be applied, when a single pulley is used with a
mechanical advantage greater than 1? How can you change the direction of force applied
without altering the mechanical advantage? Draw a labelled diagram of the system.
4. Using one fixed pulley and two movable pulleys, draw a pulley system whose mechanical
advantage is 4. If there are 6 movable pulleys what is the mechanical advantage?
5. A cook uses a ‘fire tong’ of length 35 cm to lift a piece of burning coal of mass 200g. if he
applies his effort at a distance of 7 cm from the fulcrum, what is the effort tin SI unit? (take
g= 10ms-2)
6. Scissors and shears are levers of the first order. However, the cutting edge of scissors used
for cutting cloth is much longer than the cutting edge of shears used for cutting metals.
Explain the difference.
7. What is the relation between the mechanical advantage and the number of strands of string
used to support the load in a ‘block and tackle’ set up?
8. Which class of lever found in the human body is being used by a boy
(i) When he holds a load on the palm of his hand?
(ii) When he raises the weight of his body on his toes?
9. Give reasons for the following:
(i) We say that levers of class II necessarily multiply force
(ii) There is not much difference in the length of the handle and blades in ordinary
scissors used for cutting paper or cloth
10. State the principle of an ideal machine.
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
1. Work done on a body will be maximum if:
a. Angle between force and displacement is 900.
b. Angle between force and displacement is 00.
c. Angle between force and displacement is 1800.
d. All are incorrect
2. Select the statement which is incorrect in relation to work done:
a. Work done is said to be positive if displacement of body is in the direction of force
applied
b. Work done is said to be positive if body moves in the direction opposite to force applied
c. Positive work is always maximum work done
d. Work done against force of gravity is a negative work
3. Work done in a body controlled by centripetal force will be:
a. Maximum and positive c. Negative and positive
b. Negative and minimum d. Zero work done
4. A coolie carrying load on his head and walking, then
a. He does no work against the force of gravity
b. Displacement of his load is normal to direction of force of gravity
c. He does work against force of gravity
d. (a) and (b) are correct
e. (b) and (c) are correct
5. Select the correct answer for unit of work done:
a. 1 newton x 1 m c. kgm2/sec2
b. Joule d. (a) and (b) are correct e. (a) , (b) and (c) are correct
6. A man is taking 1 minute to complete a 100 m walk , while a completes the same task in 3
minutes, then
a. Power of boy is less than the power developed in man
b. Power developed in boy is greater than power of man
c. Both are having same power
d. Boy has developed 3 times more power compared to man
7. Power x time is related with:
a. Power consumed by a body
b. Energy consumed by a body
c. Both (a) and (b) are correct
d. None of the above
8. Unit of power is
a. Joule/sec c. Joule
b. Watt d. both (a) and (b) are correct
c. Both (b) and (c) are correct
9. What is the correct formula for work done in given situation of motion of body?
a. W = mgh
b. W = -mgh direction of motion of body F = mg
c. W = F x S
d. All are correct
10. Capacity of doing work by a body is:
a. Energy b. work c. power d. all are correct
Short answer questions:
1. For each of the following scenarios, state whether the work done by gravity is positive,
negative or zero.
a. A person walking on a level road
b. A person climbing a ladder
c. A car in neutral gear coming down the slope
2. The figure shows a simple pendulum of mass 200g. it is displaced from the mean position A
to the extreme position B. the potential energy at position A is zero. At the position B, the
pendulum bob is raised by 5m.
(a) What is the potential energy of the pendulum at position B?
(b) What is the total mechanical energy at point C?
(c) What is the speed of the bob at the position A when released from B?
(take g =10 ms-2 and given there is no loss of energy
3. A satellite revolves around a planet in a circular orbit. What is the work done by the satellite
at any instant? Give reason.
4. Is it possible that an object is in the state of accelerated motion due to external force acting
on it, but no work is done by the force? Explain with an example.
5. Crane A lifts a heavy load in 5s whereas another crane B does the same work in 2s. compare
the power of crane A to that of crane B.
6. If the speed of a particle is doubled, what will be the ratio of its new kinetic energy to its
new momentum?
7. Mention any two examples in which the mechanical energy of the system remains constant.
8. A car is moving on a levelled road. It gets its velocity doubled. In this process,
(i) How would the potential energy of the car change?
(ii) How would the kinetic energy of the car change?
(iii) How will its momentum change? Give reasons for your answer.
9. Determine the horsepower of an engine, which lifts 4000 m3 of water from a depth of 50m
in 40 minutes.
10. A shotput player throws a shotput of mass 3 kg. if it crosses the top of the wall 2 m high at a
speed of 4 ms-1, then compute the total mechanical energy gained by the shotput, when it
crosses the wall. (take g = 9.8ms-2)
