Criterion B Criterion C

Inquiring and Designing Processing and Evaluating

Time frame :
1 lesson Introduction to assessment
1 lesson planning
1 lesson doing experiment
2 lessons writing writing up assessment

Hand in 2 working days after lesson 5.

 You can add diagrams if this helps your explanations, just remember to list your sources.

Background Information Use approximately 5 sentences to describe a background for the investigation, communicating your
understanding of relevant concepts. Include sources.

In this investigation, kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy were demonstrated. When
the ball is dropped, gravity of earth pulls the ball towards the center of the Earth (downward),
during the movement of the ball, the gravitational potential energy decreased, while kinetic energy
was increased. There are also two forms of wasted energy: heat and sound. The sound comes from
when the ball reaches the ground and the heat comes from the ball and the floor’s friction.

Weber State University (n.d.). Law of Gravity. [online] physics.weber.edu. Available at:
https://physics.weber.edu/amiri/physics1010online/WSUonline12w/OnLineCourseMovies/CircularMotion&Gravity/reviewofgravity/ReviewofGravity.html.
Research Question State a specific research question for this investigation.

What would changing the initial distance between the ball and the ground (cm) change the
height the ball bounces (cm)?
Hypothesis My hypothesis is that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball bounces.

Explanation of Explain a hypothesis for this experiment, using scientific reasoning

Hypothesis
I think that since the higher the ball gets dropped initially the more gravitational potential energy
there is, leading to more potential energy to build up speed, which causes the ball to gain more
kinetic energy, leading the ball to rebound higher when it touches the floor.
 What are you changing?

Independent Variable Outline the independent variable, with units and necessary measuring tools.
The independent variable in this experiment is the height where the ball was dropped (cm), a
meter ruler was used to measure it.

State a possible range of values for the independent variable

60cm, 70cm, 80cm, 90cm, 100cm
 What are you measuring? What equipment will you use to measure it?
What will the units be?
What will you do with the raw/ trial data?

Dependent Variable We are measuring the height of the rebound of the We used a meter ruler to measure it, and used a phone with the
ball after it hits the ground. (cm) slow-motion function to make sure of the height it bounces. The unit will be
recorded in “cm”.

What it is How will it be controlled?

What equipment will you use (if necessary)?

Control Variable 1 Make sure to use the same ball every trial. ❏ I will control this by not changing the ball before each trial

Control Variable 2 The position of the ruler stays the same. ❏ I will control this by sticking the ruler onto the wall with bluetac

Control Variable 3 Make sure the surface which the ball bounces on ❏ I will control this by not switching places everytime we do the
stays the same each time. experiment and choose a single spot.
Materials: Diagram:
A phone
A bouncy ball
A meter ruler
A flat surface for the ball to
bounce on
 Method:

Design a logical list of steps that can be followed to complete the investigation
Outline how reliability can be maximised in this investigation
1. Choose a spacious area with a flat surface
2. Place a meter ruler vertically against the wall
3. Set up my phone to be able to record the ball’s rebound height
4. Drop the ball from 100 cm above the surface
5. Record the height of which the ball rebounds using the help of a slow
motion camera
6. Jot down the height that was recorded from the slow motion camera.
7. Repeat the steps 3 to 6 and change the height the ball is dropped
from.(90cm, 80cm, 70cm, 60 cm)
8. Repeat steps 3 to 7 for two more times.(3 trials)
9. Write down all data
 Criterion B Strand (iv)
Risk Assessment

Hazard Prevention Treatment

Getting hit by the bouncy ball Wear safety goggles Depending on the seriousness of the injury, you might go to the
nurse or go to the hospital.

Getting hit by the ruler Make sure the ruler is stuck firmly onto the Depending on the seriousness of the injury, you might go to the
wall with bluetac nurse or go to the hospital.

Being unaware of your Look around before starting your Depending on the seriousness of the injury, you might go to the
surroundings and tripping experiment nurse or go to the hospital.
 Draw a table to show results and add a title.
Replace with your own when necessary

Title -

Dropping Height Height that the ball bounces (cm)

(cm) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean Processed DV(PGE/Joule)
100 86 84 87 85.67 0.160
90 75 74 78 75.67 0.142
80 67 68 65 66.67 0.125
70 56 58 59 57.67 0.108
60 50 53 49 50.67 0.095

Mass of bouncy ball: 0.0187kg

Present your GPE or efficiency calculations and show
your working.
Gpe = Mass x Gravity of Earth x Height

Mass=0.0187 kg
Gravity of Earth = 10 N/kg
Height = mean height/100 m
Dropping height /cm GPE/Joule
85.67 0.187*10*85.67/100=0.160
75.67 0.187*10*75.67/100=0.142
66.67 0.187*10*66.67/100=0.125
57.67 0.187*10*57.67/100=0.108
50.67 0.187*10*50.67/100=0.095
Use Google Sheets to draw a graph and copy and paste it below.
Analysis:
Correctly interpret the trend observed in the results. Explain using scientific concepts.
Describe this trend, making reference to specific data values, anomalies, and outliers.
From the graph made, you can clearly see that the gpe increases along with the height the ball is dropped.
For example, when the ball is dropped from 60cm, the gpe is 0.095 Joules. When the ball is dropped from
80cm and 100cm, the gpe is 0.125 Joules and 0.16 Joules respectively. Showing that there is a positive
correlation between them. As GPE = Mgh, the more the initial height, the larger the initial gpe is possessed.
When the ball touches the ground, all the gpe turns into ke or lost as heat and sound energy, and the
moment it touches the ground the gpe will also turn to zero. When the ball bounces the ke will turn back
into gpe until it reaches a certain height (lower than the initial height due to energy loss), it will stop when
the ke becomes zero. Therefore the larger the dropping height the larger the bounce height and hence the
final gpe will be. There was also no anomalies in our data set, because all the data points are very close to
the trend line as shown in the graph.
Validity of Hypothesis:
Discuss whether the original hypothesis was mostly accepted or rejected, making reference to specific evidence found in the
data.

My hypothesis was that the larger my dropping height is, the higher the ball bounces back. From the graph, you can clearly see
that the slope has an upward incline (positively sloped). when the ball is dropped from 70cm, the mean bounce height was
57.67cm. And when the ball is dropped from a higher height of 90cm, the mean bounce height is increased to 75.67. Therefore
the data and the slope trend of the graph supports my hypothesis.

Conclusion:
State the conclusion from your results making reference to specific data values
From the experimental results, it is suggested that the higher you drop the ball the higher the bounce
will be. This is proven from the fact that when the ball is dropped from 60 cm, the rebound height
was only 50.67cm and when the ball is dropped from a higher height of 100cm, the rebound height
was increased to 85.67cm. This all matches with the prediction of hypothesis statement.
 Validity of the Method: *For strand Civ please use the flow diagram on the final slide to help you
Strengths - Outline the how this affects the fairness of the method

The experiment was a fair test, because I did three trials for each IV with the control variables remaining the same each
time, such as using the same ball such that the air resistance of each trial and energy loss to surroundings remain the
same each time, and make sure the gpe’s change is only due to the height.
and the position of the ruler was the same to minimize any measuring errors. With the control variables staying the
same, this experiment successfully allows me to answer my research question.
Weaknesses/ limitations - Outline the how this affects the fairness of the method, if possible with
evidence from the data

The IV range (60cm-100cm) was not the measurer’s eye level, it would enlarge the human reading error of the
experiment.
As meter ruler was used during the experiment for measuring the IV, this would limit IV range within 100cm
Improvements - Describe a possible improvement for each limitation

A measuring tape should be used instead of a meter ruler, since it covers a bigger range of length and
enlarges the IV range.

Next you can set the IV range closer to the human eye level, so the data can be more accurate.

More trials can be done to minimize human error.