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Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

This presentation provides an overview of microprocessors and microcontrollers, highlighting their roles in modern computing and embedded systems. It covers the architecture, functionalities, and applications of the 8085 microprocessor, including its pin diagram, memory organization, addressing modes, and instruction set. The conclusion emphasizes their significance in driving technological advancements across various fields.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

9 views11 pages

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

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offcsatyam003

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TECHNO INTERNATIONAL NEWTOWN

POWER POINT PRESENTATION FOR CA 1

EXAMINATION

NAME :-SATYAM JHA

ROLL NO:-18700323051
PAPER NAME :-microprocessor
and microcontrollers.
PAPER CODE:-EC403
DEPARTMENT:-ECE
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Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers
This presentation provides an overview of microprocessors and
microcontrollers, essential components in modern computing and
embedded systems. Microprocessors serve as the central processing
units in computers, executing instructions and performing calculations.
Microcontrollers, on the other hand, integrate a microprocessor with
peripherals like memory and input/output interfaces, making them ideal
for controlling electronic devices. We'll explore their architectures,
functionalities, and applications, providing a foundational
understanding for students in electrical engineering and computer
science.

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8085 Microprocessor Pin
Diagram and Classification
Pin Diagram Pin Classification

The 8085 microprocessor's Pins can be classified based on

architecture is defined by its their functions: address pins for
pins. Understanding the location specifying memory locations,
and purpose of each pin is data pins for transferring data,
crucial for interfacing and and control pins for managing
designing systems around it. Key operations such as read/write
pins include address, data, and and interrupt handling.
control signals.

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Memory Organization in 8085
Microprocessor Stack (LIFO Structure) Registers
Memory
Registers are essential for
The 8085 microprocessor The stack operates on a data processing. The 8085
interacts with memory to Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) includes the Accumulator,
store and retrieve principle, crucial for General Purpose Registers
instructions and data. subroutine calls and (B, C, D, E, H, L), and Special
Understanding memory interrupt handling. It Purpose Registers (Stack
types (ROM, RAM) and provides temporary storage Pointer, Program Counter).
addressing is essential for for addresses and data. Each has a specific role.
programming.

; Example: Push the

; Example: Load data contents of HL ; Example: Move the
from memory location register pair onto contents of register
2050H to Accumulator the stack B to Accumulator
LDA 2050H PUSH H MOV A, B
; A <- (2050H) ; SP <- SP - 2 ; A <- B
; (SP) <- L
; (SP + 1) <- H

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Demultiplexing Address/Data Bus
1 Using ALE Signal
The Address Latch Enable (ALE) signal is used to demultiplex the address and
data lines. During T1 state, ALE is high, indicating the address is present on the
AD0-AD7 lines.

; Example code snippet\n; Assume address is available on AD0-AD7\n;

and ALE is high\n\n; Latch the address\nOUT Latch_Control_Port,
Address_Latch_Enable_Signal

2 Latch (74LS373)
A latch, such as the 74LS373, is used to separate the address and data lines.
When ALE is high, the address is latched; when ALE is low, the AD0-AD7 lines
become the data bus.

; Example usage of 74LS373 latch\n; When ALE = 1, address is

latched\n; When ALE = 0, data can be read/written\n\n;Pseudo-
code:\nif (ALE == 1) {\n Address = AD0_AD7; // Latch the address\n}
else {\n Data = AD0_AD7; // Read/Write data\n}

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Addressing Modes of 8085
Direct Addressing Indirect Addressing Immediate Addressing

In direct addressing, the address of the In indirect addressing, the address of In immediate addressing, the operand is
operand is specified directly in the the operand is specified by a register specified directly in the instruction.
instruction. Example: LDA 2050H (Load pair. Example: LDAX B (Load Example: MVI A, 30H (Move 30H to
Accumulator from memory location Accumulator from memory location Accumulator).
2050H). pointed to by BC register pair).

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Instruction Set of 8085

Data Transfer Instructions Arithmetic Instructions

These instructions move data between Arithmetic instructions perform
registers, memory, and I/O ports. operations like addition, subtraction,
Examples include MOV, LDA, STA. increment, and decrement. Examples
include ADD, SUB, INR, DCR.

Logical Instructions Control Transfer Instructions

Logical instructions perform logical These instructions control the flow of
operations such as AND, OR, XOR, and the program, including jumps, calls, and
complement. Examples include ANA, returns. Examples include JMP, CALL,
ORA, XRA, CMA. RET.

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Applications of
Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers
Microprocessors Microcontrollers

Microprocessors are used in Microcontrollers are found in

personal computers, servers, embedded systems such as
and high-performance washing machines, automotive
computing systems. They handle systems (ABS, engine control),
complex calculations and data and industrial automation
processing tasks. systems. They control specific
devices and functions.

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Conclusion: The Significance
of Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers