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SQL

The document provides a comprehensive overview of SQL commands and operations related to a Customers table, including data selection, filtering, sorting, insertion, updating, and deletion. It also covers advanced topics such as joins, unions, and database management commands like creating and deleting databases and tables. Additionally, it includes examples of using SQL functions, aliases, and conditional statements.

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hoangthuy05082005
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4 views

SQL

The document provides a comprehensive overview of SQL commands and operations related to a Customers table, including data selection, filtering, sorting, insertion, updating, and deletion. It also covers advanced topics such as joins, unions, and database management commands like creating and deleting databases and tables. Additionally, it includes examples of using SQL functions, aliases, and conditional statements.

Uploaded by

hoangthuy05082005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples

Custom Customer Contact Addres City Coun


erID Name Name s PostalC try
ode

1 Alfreds Maria Obere Berli 12209 Germ


Futterkiste Anders Str. 57 n any
2 Ana Trujillo Ana Avda. de Méxi 05021 Mexic
Empareda Trujillo la co o
dos y Constitu D.F.
helados ción
2222
3 Antonio Antonio Matader Méxi 05023 Mexic
Moreno Moreno os 2312 co o
Taquería D.F.
4 Thomas 120 WA1 1DP UK
Around the Hardy Hanover Lond
Horn Sq. on

5 Berglunds Christina Berguvs Luleå S-958 22 Swed


snabbköp Berglund vägen 8 en

1. Select
- SELECT CustomerName, City FROM Customers;
- SELECT ALL: SELECT * FROM Customers;
- SELECT DISTINCT Country FROM Customers; Chỉ lấy các giá trị
khác biệt ( Không trùng nhau )
Đếm số phần tử khác biệt: SELECT Count(DISTINCT Country) FROM
Customers;
2. where: Lọc dữ liệu
- Lấy những phần tử thỏa mãn điều kiện
SELECT *FROM Customers
WHERE Country=’Mexico’ AND CustomerID=1;
- Lấy những phần tử thỏa mãn điều kiện
+ SELECT *FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country=’Mexico’;
+ SELECT *FROM Customers
WHERE Country NOT LIKE ’Mexico’;
+ SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE CustomerID NOT BETWEEN 3 AND 5;
+ SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE City NOT IN ('Paris', 'London');

3. Sắp xếp dữ liệu


- sắp xếp tăng dần:
SELECT * FROM Customers
ORDER BY CustomerID;
- sắp xếp giảm dần:
- SELECT * FROM Customers
- ORDER BY CustomerID DESC;
4. Chèn dữ liêu:
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, Country)
VALUES
('Cardinal', 'Tom B. Erichsen', 'Skagen
21', 'Stavanger', '4006', 'Norway'),
('Greasy Burger', 'Per Olsen', 'Gateveien
15', 'Sandnes', '4306', 'Norway'),
('Tasty Tee', 'Finn Egan', 'Streetroad 19B', 'Liverpool', 'L1 0AA', 'UK');
5. Update
UPDATE Customers
SET ContactName = 'Alfred Schmidt', City= 'Frankfurt'
WHERE CustomerID = 1;
6. Xóa dữ liệu
DELETE FROM Customers
WHERE CustomerName= ‘Maria Anders’;
7. Lấy các dòng
- SELECT TOP 3 * FROM Customers; // Lấy 3 dòng đầu
- SELECT *FROM Customers
LIMIT 3;
- SELECT * FROM Customers
FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY;
- SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * FROM Customers; // Lấy 50% số dòng
đầu tiên
8. Min, max, count, avg( average),
9. Wildcard
- start: like ‘a%’;
- end: like’%a’;
- contains: like’%a%’;

10. SQL Aliases


lấy ra 1 cột nhưng tự đặt tên cho cột đó
SELECT CustomerID AS ID
FROM Customers;
11. Join
SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderDate
FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Customers
ON Orders.CustomerID=Customers.CustomerID;
12. Union
SELECT City FROM Customers
UNION
SELECT City FROM Suppliers
ORDER BY City;
13. Having
select CustomerID, count(OrderID) as TotalOrders
from dbo.Orders
group by CustomerID
having count(OrderID)>20
order by Totalorders desc;
14. EXISTS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE condition);
15. SELECT INTO: Sao chép dữ liệu từ 1 bảng qua bảng mới
Ví dụ: SELECT column1, column2, column3, ...
INTO newtable [IN externaldb]
FROM oldtable
WHERE condition;
16. INSERT INTO: Chèn dữ liệu từ bảng này qua bảng khác
INSERT INTO table2
SELECT * FROM table1
WHERE condition;
17. CASE
SELECT OrderID, Quantity,
CASE
WHEN Quantity > 30 THEN 'The quantity is greater than
30'
WHEN Quantity = 30 THEN 'The quantity is 30'
ELSE 'The quantity is under 30'
END AS QuantityText
FROM OrderDetails;
18. Function
Cấu trúc: CREATE PROCEDURE SelectAllCustomers
AS
SELECT * FROM Customers
GO;
Gọi lại: EXEC SelectAllCustomers;
19. Create Database
vd: CREATE DATABASE Products;
20. Delete Database currently
vd: DROP DATABASE databasename;
21. Sao lưu cơ sở dữ liệu
vd: Câu lệnh SQL sau đây tạo bản sao lưu đầy đủ của cơ sở dữ liệu hiện
có "testDB" vào ổ đĩa D:
BACKUP DATABASE testDB
TO DISK = 'D:\backups\testDB.bak';
22. Create Table
VD:
- Create new table
CREATE TABLE Persons (
PersonID int,
LastName varchar(255),
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
);
- Create table from old table:
CREATE TABLE new_table_name AS
SELECT column1, column2,...
FROM existing_table_name
WHERE ....;
23. Delete Table
- Delete Table
VD: DROP TABLE table_name;
- Delete Data but not Delete Table
VD: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

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