Computer

System
Presentation by Sir Nathan
WHAT IS COMPUTER?

T.L.E. - I.C.T. | 2022

 A computer is an
electronic device that
manipulates
information, or data.

T.L.E. - I.C.T. | 2022

CALCULATOR = COMPUTER?

T.L.E. - I.C.T. | 2022

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Overview
Hardware Software
Major hardware System Software

Input Devices Application Software

Output Devices

Storage Devices
Ports, Cables and Wires
TLE - ICT | 2023
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SYSTEM UNIT
The main part of a computer, sometimes called the
chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion
Slots and Cards.

Major Hardware
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Motherboard/
Mainboard / System
Board
The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that run the computer.

Major Hardware
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CPU (Central
Processing Unit)
The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer
system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations
that are needed and manages the flow
of information through a computer.

Major Hardware
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Primary storage
(internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working
storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and
processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage.
Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.

Two (2) Types of Memory

ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning

it holds data even when the power
is ON or OFF.

RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning

it holds data only when the
power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.

Major Hardware
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Expansion Bus
A bus is a data pathway between several hardware
components inside or outside a computer. It does not only
connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links
the CPU with other important hardware.

Major Hardware
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Adapters
Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that
enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary
connections or circuit boards. They
are often used to permit upgrading to a new different
hardware.

Major Hardware
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Power Supply Unit

(PSU)
Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power)
into DC voltages that are used by other components in the
PC.

Major Hardware
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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device
that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used
as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer,
the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and applications.

Major Hardware
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Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to
read data on the optical media. There are three types of
optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

Major Hardware
 Page 13 Two (2) Types of Input
Devices
Keyboard Entry
Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
• Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC.
Data is transferred to the PC over a short cable with a
circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that plugs into the
back of the motherboard.

Direct Entry
A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices
create machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic
media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

INPUT DEVICES
 Page 14 Three Categories of Direct Entry
Devices

1. Pointing Devices
An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on
screen.
• Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs.
Every mouse has two buttons and most have one or two scroll wheels.
• Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger
or stylus.
• Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used to
draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen to the
desired point on screen and presses the pen button to make contact.
• Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new
images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the device with a wired or wireless pen or puck.
Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck DEVICES
INPUT is officially the "tablet
cursor."
 Page 15 Three Categories of Direct Entry
Devices

2. Scanning Devices
• A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and
translates the information into a form the computer can use.

INPUT DEVICES
 Page 16 Three Categories of Direct Entry
Devices

3. Voice- Input Devices

Audio input devices also known as speech or voice recognition systems
that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing,
recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as
microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order to record a
voice message or navigate software.

INPUT DEVICES
 Page 17 Computer Display Monitor
It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The
portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen or
video display terminal.

Types of Monitor
A. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were
the only type of displays for use with desktop PCs. They are
relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs)
B. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has
been used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made
commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.
C. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting
technology used in almost every electrical and electronic product
on the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts,
flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.

OUTPUT DEVICES
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LCD Projectors
utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a
liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current
passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so
that light cannot pass through them.
Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light
to pass through or blocking the light.

OUTPUT DEVICES
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Smart Board
A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive
transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar to
a touch screen.

OUTPUT DEVICES
 Page 20 Printer
A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Types of printer
• Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - prays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet
printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
• Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser
printers produce very high quality text and graphics.
• LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals or
light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the
drum.
• Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire
line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality
print.
• Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated
pins against heat-sensitive paper.
OUTPUT DEVICES
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Speakers
Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit
or connected with cables.
Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound
effects from your computer.

OUTPUT DEVICES
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Flash drive / Thumb drive - is a data storage device

that includes flash memory with an integrated
Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. USB flash drives
are typically removable and rewritable, and
physically much smaller than an optical disc.
Floppy disk - is a disk storage medium composed of
a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage
medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined
with fabric that removes dust particles. Floppy disks
are read and written by a floppy disk drive (FDD).
Memory cards
Hard drive
CD / DVD

STORAGE DEVICES
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Serial Port
Intended for serial type mouse and older camera
Parallel Port
Also called as printer port. This is only for old model printer.
It has 25 pins. It is a female port.
VGA (Video Graphic
Array) Port
Used to connect monitors. It has 15 pins and it is a female
port.
USB (Universal Serial
Bus) Port
High speed serial interface that is used with almost all
devices.
PS/2 Port
Simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial connections commonly
dedicated Ports, Cables and Wires
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Power Port
Intended for power cord.
S-Video Port
S-Video connections are available on certain source
components and video display devices, and offer a
higher level of video performance over composite video
signals.
Audio Port
Intended for plugging in the speaker or headset.
LAN (Local Area
Networking) Port
A physical interface often used for terminating twisted pair
type cables used to connect
computers onto a local-area
networks (LAN), especially
Ethernet RJ-45 connectors
Ports, Cables and Wires
 Page 25 SOFTWARE
is the set of instructions (also called a program) that
guides the hardware to operate effectively.

Two main types:

1. System Software
Any software required to support the production or
execution of application programs, but which is not
specific to any particular application. Common operating
systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2 and
UNIX.

SOFTWARE
 2. Application Software
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Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related tasks.
Examples of application software are as follows:
a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents. Example: MS Word,
WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.
b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and columns is used to
present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.
c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large collection of computer
programs. Data is organized as fields and records for easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase,
Fox Pro, Oracle.
d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for easier analysis
and presentation. Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe
Photoshop
3. People ware - Refers to people involved in the data processing
operations such as the system administrator, office workers, students
and others.

SOFTWARE
 Thank
You!
Presentation by Sir NATHAN

T.L.E. - I.C.T.| 2022