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Topic 3. Classes - A Deeper Look. Composition

The document outlines a programming class focused on advanced concepts in C++, including const objects, composition, friend functions, the this pointer, and static class members. It provides definitions and examples of classes such as Date and Employee, demonstrating how to implement these concepts in code. The instructor is PhD, Associate Professor Leyla Muradkhanli.

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xediceelili2006
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12 views10 pages

Topic 3. Classes - A Deeper Look. Composition

The document outlines a programming class focused on advanced concepts in C++, including const objects, composition, friend functions, the this pointer, and static class members. It provides definitions and examples of classes such as Date and Employee, demonstrating how to implement these concepts in code. The instructor is PhD, Associate Professor Leyla Muradkhanli.

Uploaded by

xediceelili2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming and

Computer Applications

Classes
A Deeper Look
Instructor : PhD, Associate Professor Leyla Muradkhanli
Outline
• Introduction
• const Objects and const Member Functions
• Composition: Objects as Members of Classes
• friend Functions and friend Classes
• Using the this Pointer
• static Class Members
Introduction
• const objects and const member functions
• prevent modifications of objects and enforce the principle of least
privilege.
• Composition
• a form of reuse in which a class can have objects of other classes as
members.
• Friendship
• enables a class designer to specify nonmember functions that can access a
class’s non-public members
• The this pointer
• an implicit argument to each of a class’s non-static member functions.
• allows those member functions to access the correct object’s data members
and other non-static member functions.
const Objects and const Member
Functions
• You may use keyword const to specify that an object is not
modifiable and that any attempt to modify the object should result
in a compilation error.
• A member function is specified as const both in its prototype and
in its definition.
Composition: Objects as Members of
Classes
• Composition
• Sometimes referred to as a has-a relationship
• A class can have objects of other classes as
members
• An object’s constructor can pass arguments to
member-object constructors via member initializers.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Date
{
private:
int day;
int month;
int year;

public:
Date(int=1, int=1, int=2010);
void print();
};
class Employee
{
public:
Employee(string, string, Date, Date);
void print();

private:
string firstName;
string lastName;
Date birthDate;
Date hireDate;
};
Date::Date(int dy, int mn, int yr)
{
day=dy;
month=mn;
year=yr;
}

void Date::print()
{
cout<<day<<'/'<<month<<'/'<<year;
}
Employee::Employee(string first, string last,
Date dateofbirth, Date dateofhire)
{
firstName =first;
lastName =last;
birthDate=dateofbirth;
hireDate=dateofhire;
}
void Employee::print()
{
cout<<firstName<<' '<<lastName<<" Hired : ";
hireDate.print();
cout<<" Birthday : ";
birthDate.print();
cout<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Date birth(27,5,2001);
Date hire(3,12,2020);
Employee manager("Ali", "Aliyev",birth, hire);
cout<<endl;
manager.print();
cout<<"\nTest Date constructor with default values :\n";
Date birth2;
Date hire2;
Employee manager2("Anar", "Mammadov", birth2, hire2);
cout<<endl;
manager2.print();
return 0;
}

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