WEB APP FOR HEALTH WORKERS TO MONITOR

NUTRITION AMONG WOMEN AND CHILDREN

Guide: Mr. Mogili Siva, Sri Vaishnavi Gajam , Sujana Dudyala, Siliveru Sai Karthik
*1 Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science), Vignan Institute of Technology and Science
[email protected]

*2 Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science), Vignan Institute of Technology and Science
[email protected]

*3 Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science), Vignan Institute of Technology ans Science
[email protected]

*4 Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science), Vignan Institute of Technology and Science
[email protected]

ABSTRACT
India’s Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) is village-level female health workers who provide essential primary care
services to pregnant women, mothers, and newborn children. ANMs cater to populations of 3,000-5,000 people, and
their work mainly involves providing primary healthcare services for maternal and child health, family planning,
nutrition, and immunization programmers. Another extremely important part of the job is collecting healthcare data.
ANMs capture around 200 key indicators related to health, nutrition and immunization of pregnant women, mothers
and newborn children in their paper registers. Like many other ANMs, handles more than one village, and on an
average day carries 12-15 separate registers to record key data indicators while on the go. The proposed new
application is helping them log healthcare data.
Keywords: Web Application, Data Collection
programs. This multifaceted approach underscores their
1. INTRODUCTION significance in addressing key health concerns that
impact women and children in these communities.
1.1 Background
One of the cornerstones of an ANM's role is the collection
The health landscape in India is greatly influenced by of healthcare data. Through their diligent efforts, ANMs
its village-level healthcare workers known as Auxiliary capture approximately 200 key indicators related to
Nurse Midwives (ANMs). These dedicated female health health, nutrition, and immunization. This data serves as a
workers operate at the grassroots level, providing valuable resource for assessing the overall health status of
indispensable primary care services to pregnant women, pregnant women, mothers, and newborns. However, this
new mothers, and newborn children. With their unique data collection process has historically been paper-based,
position in the healthcare hierarchy, ANMs serve as a with ANMs meticulously recording data in
vital link between rural communities and formal registers.Despite the undeniable importance of their
healthcare systems. Their role extends beyond medical work, ANMs face logistical challenges in managing these
care; ANMs often serve as educators, advocates, and paper registers. ANMs often cover multiple villages,
communicators within their communities. necessitating them to carry 12-15 separate registers on an
ANMs are entrusted with the responsibility of catering to average workday. This cumbersome process not only
populations ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 people, making adds to their workload but also increases the risk of errors
their presence a pivotal factor in the health and well-being and inconsistencies in data entry. Additionally, the paper-
of rural areas. The scope of their work encompasses based approach makes it challenging to access real-time
various essential areas, including maternal and child data, hindering the ability to respond promptly to
health, family planning, nutrition, and immunization emerging health issues.

1
To address these challenges and empower ANMs in their • Minimize Data Entry Errors: The digital system aims
critical roles, a new application is proposed. This to reduce manual errors in recording and managing
innovative solution aims to revolutionize the way ANMs healthcare information.
log healthcare data. By transitioning from traditional
paper registers to a digital platform, ANMs can 2. RELATED TO WORK
streamline their data collection process. The new Several initiatives and technologies have been explored
application promises efficiency gains, reducing the in recent years to address similar challenges in rural
burden of carrying multiple registers and minimizing the healthcare, particularly related to data collection and
risk of manual errors. Furthermore, the digital format management. Here are some examples of related work
allows for secure and centralized data storage, ensuring that could inform or be relevant to this project:
that ANMs can access accurate and up-to-date
information whenever needed. • Digital Health Platforms for Rural Areas: Various
Through their diligent efforts, ANMs capture digital health platforms have been developed to improve
approximately 200 key indicators related to health, healthcare delivery in rural areas. For example, the
nutrition, and immunization. This data serves as a eSwasthya initiative in India uses mobile applications to
valuable resource for assessing the overall health status of manage healthcare data, facilitate communication
pregnant women, mothers, and newborns. However, this between healthcare workers, and enable real-time data
data collection process has historically been paper-based, collection. Similar platforms aim to digitize records for
with ANMs meticulously recording data in registers. healthcare workers like ANMs, ensuring more efficient
These examples highlight the ongoing work in digitizing management of health information.
healthcare services, especially in rural and remote settings.
The challenges observed in these initiatives—such as user • Mobile Health (mHealth) Solutions: mHealth
adoption, data security, and infrastructure limitations— solutions have gained traction globally, offering mobile
provide valuable insights into how the proposed applications that allow healthcare workers to collect and
application for ANMs can be improved. This includes manage data in real time. For instance, the mHealth India
addressing the needs of rural health workers, ensuring project focuses on using mobile technology to enhance
scalability, providing offline capabilities, and focusing on healthcare delivery and data collection in remote areas.
simplicity and usability for non-technical users. These applications often feature user-friendly interfaces,
The proposed work is aimed to build a web application offline capabilities, and integration with existing health
that enables health workers i.e., ANMs to collect and management systems.
store health related data from women and children in
remote areas. So, the idea is to decrease human • Electronic Health Records (EHR) for Community
intervention and make this data aggregation process more Health Workers: Several countries have experimented
productive. The goal of object recognition is to determine with digitizing health records for community health
the identity or category of an object in a visual scene from workers. Programs like the OpenMRS (Open Medical
the retinal input. This project aims to create an automated Records System) have been used in several African
waste detection system using a deep learning algorithm countries to improve healthcare data management.
that will gather waste imagesor videos. OpenMRS allows healthcare workers to manage patient
1.2 Objectives records electronically, making data access more efficient
and improving the quality of healthcare delivery.
• Improve the Efficiency of Data Collection: By
transitioning from paper registers to a digital platform, • Data Management Systems for Immunization: The
ANMs can streamline the collection of healthcare data Rapid SMS project, which uses SMS based platforms to
related to maternal and child health, immunization, and monitor immunization data in real time, is another
nutrition. example. While primarily focused on immunization, this
platform’s real-time data collection model could be
• Reduce Logistical Burden: The new application will beneficial for ANMs in rural areas. It also highlights the
help ANMs avoid the cumbersome task of carrying importance of low-cost, scalable solutions that can be
multiple registers across villages, reducing their adapted to local needs.
workload.

2
2
• Paperless Data Collection Systems for Health
Workers: In many countries, the move from paper-based
systems to digital health records has been a key focus. For
example, in Kenya, the Kenya EMR(Electronic Medical
Records) system enables healthcare workers to collect,
store, and analyze patient data electronically. This system
has improved data access, reporting, and decision-making
processes at various levels of healthcare.

• Cloud-Based Healthcare Solutions: Cloud computing

has been leveraged to centralize healthcare data and
ensure secure storage and retrieval of health information.
Fig. 3.1 System Architecture
Platforms like CloudMex provide real-time data analytics
to healthcare workers, helping them make informed
decisions. A similar cloud-based approach could be 3.2.Computational resources requirements:
adapted for ANMs to access real-time data, monitor 3.2.1. Software Requirements:
health trends, and improve service delivery. Database : MySQL
Server : Apache Tomcat
• Health Worker Training and Adoption of
Technology: A key factor in successful digital data Platform : Java
collection systems is the training and support of Technology : Servlets, JSP, JDBC
healthcare workers. Several initiatives, such as the Technologies : Html, CSS, Java Script
Community Health Worker (CHM) Digital Health
IDE : Eclipse
Program in Africa, have focused on providing training to
health workers to adopt digital tools effectively. For the UML Design : Rational Rose, SQL-Developer
proposed system, it would be critical to offer training Testing : J-unit
programs and technical support to ensure ANMs can
effectively transition to the digital platform
3.2.2. Hardware Requirements:
Processor : i3
3. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
RAM : 4GB
3.1. System Architecture:
Hard Disk : 500GB
The system architecture for the web application designed
to empower health workers in monitoring nutrition 3.3 Technical Architecture:
among women and children is a critical aspect that The JavaBeans are utilized as the Model to represent the
ensures seamless functionality, user-friendly interactions, data and encapsulate the application's business logic.
data security, and comprehensive reporting capabilities. These beans interact with the database or data resources
This architecture encompasses various components, to fetch, update, or delete healthcare-related data. By
including user interface design, authentication isolating the business logic within JavaBeans, the system
mechanisms, data management, and overall system ensures reusability and a clean separation from the user
security. The user interface serves as the gateway for interface.The JSP (JavaServer Pages) serve as the View,
health workers to interact with the application. which is responsible for presenting the processed data to
the user in a structured and user-friendly manner. JSPs
dynamically generate HTML pages that are returned to
the browser as HTTP Responses.

3
3
 Fig. 3.3. Technical Architecture

The technical architecture of the project is designed using

the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern to ensure Fig. 3.4.1 Use case diagram
scalability, maintainability, and separation of concerns in
the application. The system is built on a Java-enabled 3.4.2. Class Diagram
HTTP server, allowing seamless communication between
the client and server through HTTP requests and A class diagram is a diagram that shows a set of classes,
responses. interfaces, and collaborations andtheir relationships.

At the core of the architecture is the HTTP Client Class diagram commonly contain the following things:
(Browser), which acts as the interface for the ANMs. • Classes
Through the browser, users interact with the system by
• Interfaces
sending HTTP Requests to the server. The requests are
• Collaborations
handled by Servlets, which function as the Controller in
the MVC pattern. The Controller is responsible for • Dependency, generalization relationships.
receiving user inputs, processing the logic, and delegating
tasks to other components of the system.

3.4. UML Diagrams :

3.4.1. Use case Diagram
A use case diagram is a diagram that shows a set of use
cases and actors and their relationships. A use case
diagram is just a special kind of diagram and shares the
same common propertiesas do all other diagrams - a name
and graphical contents that are a projection into a model.
What distinguishes a use case diagram from all other
kinds of diagrams is its content.
Use case diagrams commonly contain.
• Use cases
Fig. 3.4.2 Class Diagram
• Actors
• Dependency, generalization relationships
3.4.3. Sequence Diagram
A sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language
(UML) is a kind of interaction diagram that shows how
processes operate with one another and in what order. It
is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. Sequence

4
4
diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams, event
scenarios, and timing diagrams.
Sequence diagrams commonly contain.
• Objects
• Links
• Messages

Fig: 4.3. View Employee page

Fig 4.5. Change Employee

Fig. 3.4.3. Sequence Diagram

4. Implementation/Results

Fig 4.6. Add User

Fig: 4.1. Login Page

Fig 4.7. View Users

Fig: 4.2. Add Employee Page

5
5
 thereby enhancing the responsiveness of healthcare
services in rural communities.

This digital tool not only empowers ANMs by

simplifying their workflow but also supports better
decision-making and evidence-based interventions in
maternal and child health, immunization, and nutrition.
Furthermore, the centralized and secure storage of
healthcare data allows for more efficient monitoring and
reporting, improving the overall healthcare system's
effectiveness at the grassroots level.
Fig 4.8. View Pending Users

6. References
1. Mavalankar D, Vora K. The Changing Role of
Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) in India:Implications
for Maternal and Child Health (MCH). Ahmedabad:
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad; 2008.

2. Mavalankar D, Vora K, Prakasamma M. Achieving

Millennium Development Goal 5: is India serious? Bull
World Health Organ 2008; 86(4): 241-320.

Fig 4.9. Post Messages 3. Malik G. Role of auxiliary nurse midwives in National
Rural Health Mission. Nurs J India 2009; 100(4): 88-91.

4.1. Discussions 4. Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI). History

Enhanced Data Analytics: Implement advanced and Trends in Nursing in India. New Delhi, India: TNAI;
analytics and machine learning algorithms to provide 2001.
insights and predictions related to nutrition trends, risk
5. Iyer A, Jesani A. Barriers to the quality of care: the
factors, and potential health issues among women and
experience of auxiliary nurse-midwives in rural
children. Mobile Application Integration: Develop a Maharashtra. In: Koenig MA, Khan ME, eds., Improving
mobile app version to make it easier for health workers Quality of Care in India’s Family Welfare Programme.
to input data and monitor nutrition while on the field, Population Council; 1999:210-37.
even in areas with limited internet connectivity. The
application ensures prompt data entry, updates, and 6. MOHFW. Srivastava Committee Report: Health
Services and Medical Education; A Program for
maintains high data quality and accountability.
Immediate Action. Bombay: Indian Council of Social
Science Research; 1975.

5. Conclusion
In conclusion, the proposed digital application for
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) represents a
transformative step toward improving healthcare
delivery in rural India. By transitioning from
cumbersome paper-based data collection methods to a
streamlined digital platform, this solution addresses the
critical challenges faced by ANMs in managing health
information efficiently. The application promises to
reduce the logistical burden, minimize data entry errors,
and provide real-time access to accurate health data,

6
6