Scribd
Upload
36 views13 pages

Lec 25

The document discusses JPEG compression, a widely used lossy coding standard for continuous tone images based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). It outlines the steps involved in compressing and decompressing images, including pixel block processing, level shifting, quantization, and zigzag reordering of coefficients. The document also mentions the root-mean-squared error of the compression and reconstruction process, which is approximately 5.8 intensity levels.

Uploaded by

Sahil Atri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views13 pages

Lec 25

The document discusses JPEG compression, a widely used lossy coding standard for continuous tone images based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). It outlines the steps involved in compressing and decompressing images, including pixel block processing, level shifting, quantization, and zigzag reordering of coefficients. The document also mentions the root-mean-squared error of the compression and reconstruction process, which is approximately 5.8 intensity levels.

Uploaded by

Sahil Atri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Digital Image Processing (CS-323)

Lecture-25
Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
NIT Hamirpur, India

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
Outline

▪ Topics to Learn

▪ Image Compression
▪ Block Transformation Coding: JPEG Compression

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
JPEG Compression

▪ One of the most popular and comprehensive continuous tone, still-


frame compression standards is the JPEG standard.

▪ It is defined as a lossy baseline coding system, which is based on the


DCT and is adequate for most compression applications.

▪ In the baseline system, often called the sequential baseline system,


the input and output data precision is limited to 8 bits, whereas the
quantized DCT values are restricted to 11 bits. Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,
NIT Hamirpur
JPEG Compression

▪ The image is first subdivided into pixel blocks of size 8 × 8, which are
processed left-to-right, top-to-bottom.

▪ As each 8 × 8 block or subimage is encountered, its 64 pixels are


level-shifted by subtracting the quantity 2𝑘−1 , where 2𝑘 is the
maximum number of intensity levels.

▪ The 2-D discrete cosine transform of the block is then computed,


quantized in accordance with Eq. shown below, and reordered, using
the zigzag pattern, to form a 1-D sequence of quantized coefficients.
𝑇(𝑢,𝑣) Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,
෠
𝑇(u,v) =round NIT Hamirpur
𝑍(𝑢,𝑣)
JPEG Compression: Steps of Compression

▪ Consider compression and reconstruction of the following 8x8 subimage with the
JPEG baseline standard:

The original image consists of 256 or 28 possible intensities, so the coding process
begins by level shifting the pixels of the original subimage by − 27 or −128 intensity
levels. The resulting shifted array is

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
JPEG Compression

▪ Transformed in accordance with the forward DCT

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
JPEG Compression
▪ The normalizing matrix is:
𝑇(𝑢,𝑣)
▪ 𝑇෠ 𝑢, 𝑣 = T(u,v)
𝑍(𝑢,𝑣)

▪ The output after normalization is:

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
Z(u,v)
JPEG Compression

▪ The transformation and normalization process produces a large


number of zero-valued coefficients.
▪ When the coefficients are reordered in accordance with the zigzag
ordering pattern and the resulting 1-D coefficient sequence with EOB
(End-of-block condition)

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
JPEG Compression: Steps of Decompress

▪ To decompress a JPEG compressed subimage, the decoder must


first recreate the normalized transform coefficients that led to the
compressed bit stream.

Z(u,v)

▪ Denormalization:

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur

T(u,v)
JPEG Compression

▪ Inverse DCT

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
JPEG Compression

▪ The level shifting each inverse transformed pixel by 27 (or +128) to


yield.

+128 =

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
JPEG Compression

Original subimage Block Reconstructed subimage Block

Difference subimage between original and


reconstructed

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur
▪ The root-mean-squared error of the overall compression and
reconstruction process is approximately5.8 intensity levels.
JPEG Compression

▪ JPEG approximations of the monochrome image.

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mallick,


NIT Hamirpur

You might also like