Lab Report

Lab Report

Course Title: Computer Fundamental & Programing

Basic Lab
Course Code: CSE 102

Submitted to
Rubya Shaharin
Assistant Professor
Computer Science & Engineering Department
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University

Submitted by
Marshia Minhaj Mohana
Roll: 20102041
Reg No: 8872
Session: 2019-20
Computer Science & Engineering Department
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University

Submission Date: December 15, 2021

1
 Table of Contents

SL No Problem Name Page No

01 Find the greatest amongst three numbers 3

02 Calculating Interest 5

03 Find the roots of ax2+bx+c=0 7

04 Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius and Celsius to 9

Fahrenheit
05 Write a program to process loan application 12
and to sanction
06 Write a program to display pyramid 15

07 Write a program to display triangle 18

08 Find grade using switch 20

09 Find grade using if else 23

10 Use of break statement 26

11 A Program to evaluate the series: 29

1 n
1−x = 1+x+x2+x3+……..+x

12 Use of continue statement 32

13 Use of goto statement 35

14 Find the range of a series of values 38

2
Problem No: 1

Problem Name: Find the greatest amongst three numbers

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input the three numbers a,b,c
Step 3: Check if a is greater than b
Step 4: If it is true than check a is greater than c
Step 4.1: If true print that the greatest number is a
Step 4.1: If false print that the greatest number is c
Step 5: If it is true than check b is greater than c
Step 5.1: If true print that the greatest number is b
Step 5.1: If false print that the greatest number is c
Step 6: End
Flow Chart:

Start

Input a,b,c

No Yes
Is a>b?

Is b>c? No No
Is a>c?

Yes Yes

Print a Print b Print c

End

3
Program Code:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("Enter the three numbers: ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
if(a>b)
{
if(a>c)
{
printf("The largest number is %d",a);
}
else
{
printf("The largest number is %d",c);
}
}
else
{
if(b>c)
{
printf("The largest number is %d",b);
}
else
{
printf("The largest number is %d",c);
}
}
}

Result:
Input: 3 7 10
Output: The largest number is 10

Discussion: This program takes three numbers as input and shows the largest amongst
them. So we have successfully executed this program.

4
Problem No: 2

Problem Name: Calculating Interest

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input the amount of money, interest rate and period
Step 3: Set the year value year=1
Step 4: Initialize a while loop
Step 5: Checking the condition
Step 6: Calculate the interest using the formula –
value= amount+inrate*amount;
Step 7: Print the year and interest value
Step 8: When the number of amount is equal to interest value increase the number of year
Step 9:End

Flow Chart:

Start

Input period, amount, inrate

year = 1

year<=period

value=amount+i
nrate*amount

Print year and Amount=value,

End value year+=1

5
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int period, year;
float amount, inrate, value;
printf("Enter amount, interest rate and period:\n\n");
scanf("%f%f%d",&amount,&inrate,&period);
printf("\n");
year = 1;
while(year <= period)
{
value=amount+inrate*amount;
printf("%2d Rs %8.2f\n",year,value);
amount=value;
year=year+1;
}
}

Result:
Input: 10000 0.14 5
Output: 1 Rs 11400.
2 Rs 12996.00
3 Rs 14815.44
4 Rs 16889.60
5 Rs 19254.15

Discussion: We have successfully executed this program.

6
Problem No: 3

Problem Name: Find the roots of a quadratic equation: ax2+bx+c=0

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input the three numbers a, b, c
Step 3: Identify the discriminant = (b*b)-(4*a*c)
Step 4: Initialize the if condition
Step 4.1: If the discriminant is less than 0 go to step 5
Step 4.2: Else identify root1=(-b+sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a) and root2=(-b-
sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a) and go to step 6
Step 5: Print that the roots are imaginary
Step 6: Print root1 and root2
Step 7: End

Flow Chart:

Start

Input a,b,c

discriminant=b*b - 4 *a*c

Yes No
If discriminant <0

root1=(b+sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);
root2=(-b-sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);

Yes
Print Roots are Print Root1 and
imaginary Root2

End

7
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a,b,c,discriminant,root1,root2;
printf("Enter values of a,b,c: \n");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
discriminant=b*b - 4 *a*c;
if(discriminant<0)
{
printf("Roots are imaginary\n");
}
else
{
root1=(-b+sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);
root2=(-b-sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);
printf("Root 1 = %5.2f\nRoot 2 = %5.2f\n",root1,root2);
}
}

Result:
Input: 16 49 -100
Output: Root 1 = 1.40
Root 2 = -4.46

Discussion: In this program the roots of any given quadratic equation can be easily found by
−b+ √((b∗b)−4 ac ) −b+ √((b∗b)−4 ac )
applying the formula root1= and root2= with the help
2a 2a
of mathematical functions. We have successfully executed this program.

8
Problem No: 4

Problem Name: Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius and Celsius to Fahrenheit

4.1: Fahrenheit to Celsius

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a temperature in fahrenheit
Step 3: Identify Celsius = (fahrenheit-32)*5/9
Step 4: Print the Celsius temperature
Step 5: End

Flow Chart:

Start

Input fahrenheit

celsius=(fahrenheit-32)*5/9

Print Celsius

End

9
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float celsius,fahrenheit;
printf("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: ");
scanf("%f",&fahrenheit);
celsius=(fahrenheit-32)*5/9;
printf("\nCelsius = %.3f",celsius);
return 0;
}

Result:
Input: 186.00
Output: Celsius = 85.556

Discussion: This program will convert any temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius by
applying the formula celsius=(fahrenheit-32)*5/9. We have successfully executed this
program.

4.2: Celsius to Fahrenheit

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a temperature in celsius
Step 3: Identify Fahrenheit = (celsius*9/5)+32
Step 4: Print the Fahrenheit temperature
Step 5: End

10
Flow Chart:

Start

Input celsius

Fahrenheit = (celsius*9/5)+32

Print Fahrenheit

End

Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float celsius,fahrenheit;
printf("Enter temperature in celsius: ");
scanf("%f",&celsius);
fahrenheit=(celsius*9/5)+32;
printf("\nFahrenheit=%.3f",fahrenheit);
}

Result:
Input: 85.556
Output: Fahrenheit = 186.00

Discussion: This program will convert any temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit by
applying the formula Fahrenheit = (celsius*9/5)+32. We have successfully executed this
program.

11
Problem No: 5

Problem Name: Write a program to process loan application and to sanction loans

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Declare two variable sancloan and sum
Step 3: Input the value of loan1, loan2, loan3
Step 4: Assign sum = loan2 + loan3
Step 5: checking the if condition
Step 5.1: If loan1>0 then sancloan=0 and go to Step 6
Step 5.2: Else if sum>MAXLOAN then sancloan = MAXLOAN – loan2 and go to Step 6
Step 5.3: Else sancloan = loan3 and go to Step 6
Step 6: Print sancloan
Step 7: End

12
Flow Chart:
Start

Input loan1, loan2, loan3

sum=loan2+loan3

Yes
If(loan1>0) sancloan=0

No

else
if(sum>MAXLOAN)
No Yes

sancloan=MAXLOAN-
sancloan=loan3
loan2

Print sancloan

End

13
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#define MAXLOAN 50000
int main()
{
long int loan1,loan2,loan3,sancloan,sum;
printf("Enter the value of prefious two loans:\n");
scanf("%ld %ld",&loan1,&loan2);
printf("Enter the value of new loan:\n");
scanf("%ld",&loan3);
sum=loan2+loan3;
if(loan1>0)
{
sancloan=0;
}
else if(sum>MAXLOAN)
{
sancloan = MAXLOAN - loan2;
}
else
{
sancloan = loan3;
}
printf("Previous loans pending: \n%ld \n%ld",loan1,loan2);
printf("Loan requested: %ld\n",loan3);
printf("Loan sanctioned: %ld\n",sancloan);
}

Result:
Input:
Enter the value of prefious two loans:
0 10000
Enter the value of new loan:
20000
Output:
Previous loans pending:
0 10000
Loan requested: 20000
Loan sanctioned: 20000

Discussion: We have successfully executed this program. Because here the three loans will
be taken as input and the sanction of the loans will be shown as output.

14
Problem No: 6

Problem Name: Write a program to display pyramid

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a number n, row and column
Step 3: Initialize a for loop
Step 3.1: If col<=(n-row) goto step 4
Step 3.2: If col<=((2*row)-1) goto step 5
Step 4: Print (“ “)
Step 5: Print *
Step 6: Print a new line
Step 7: End

15
Flow Chart:

Start

Input n

No
row <= n

Yes

No
col<=(n-row)

Yes
No

PrintNo
“ “ Col++

col<=(2*row)- Yes
1

Print *

Col++

End

16
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int row,col,n;
printf("Enter the value of n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(row=1;row<=n;row++)
{
for(col=1;col<=(n-row);col++)
{
printf(" ");
}
for(col=1;col<=(2*row)-1;col++)
{
printf("*");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Result:

Discussion: We have successfully executed this program.

17
Problem No: 7
Problem Name: Write a program to display triangle
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a number n
Step 3: read two variables row, col
Step 4: Initialize a for loop
Step 4.1: If row<=n then goto step 5
Step 4.2: Else go to step 7
Step 5: Initialize an another for loop
Step 5.1: If col<=row then go to step 6
Step 5.2: Else assign row=row+1 and go to step 4
Step 6: Print * in col, assign col=col+1 and go to step 4
Step 7: End
Flow Chart:

Start

Input n
No
row<=n

Yes

col=0

No
row=row+1 col<=row

Yes

Print * Yes
, col col=col+1

End

18
Program Code:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int row,col,n;
printf("Enter the value of n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(row=1;row<=n;row++)
{
for(col=1;col<=row;col++)
{
printf("*",col);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Result:

Discussion: We have successfully executed this program.

19
Problem No: 8

Problem Name: Find grade using switch

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input the number where the range is 0 to 100
Step 3: switch(num)
Step 3.1: case 100, case 90 and case 80
Print Grade A+
Break
Step 3.2: case 70
Print Grade A
break
Step 3.3: case 60
Print Grade A-
break
Step 3.4: case 50
Print Grade B
break
Step 3.5: case 40
Print Grade C
break
Step 3.6: default and Grade F
Step 4:End

20
Flow Chart:

Start

Input num

Switch(num)

Yes Grade A+;

Case 100, 90 & 80
break;

No
Yes Grade A;
Case 70 break;
No

Yes Grade A-;

Case 60
break;
No

Yes Grade B;
Case 50
break;
No

Yes Grade C;
Case 40
break;
No
Yes Grade F;
default
break;

End

21
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter the number(0 - 100): ");
scanf("%d",&num);
switch(num)
{
case 100:
case 90:
case 80:
printf("Grade: A+\n");
break;
case 70:
printf("Grade: A\n");
break;
case 60:
printf("Grade: A-\n");
break;
case 50:
printf("Grade: B\n");
break;
case 40:
printf("Grade: C\n");
break;
default:
printf("Grade: F\n");
break;
}
}

Result:
Input: Enter the number: 60
Output: Grade A-

Discussion: The number range is taken from 0 to 100 in this program. The grades for
different number will be shown here by using switch function. We have successfully
executed this program.

22
Problem No: 9

Problem Name: Find grade using if else

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input num
Step 3: If num>=80 go to step 4
Step 3.1: Else if num>=70 go to step 5
Step 3.2: Else if num>=60 go to step 6
Step 3.3: Else if num>=50 go to step 7
Step 3.3: Else if num>=40 go to step 8
Step 3.4: Else go to step 9
Step 4: Print Grade A+
Step 5: Print Grade A
Step 6: Print Grade A-
Step 7: Print Grade B
Step 8: Print Grade C
Step 9: Print Grade F
Step 10:End

23
Flow Chart:

Start

Input num

Yes Grade A+
If num>=80

No

Yes
If num>=70 Grade A

No

Yes
If num>=60 Grade A-

No

Yes
If num>=50 Grade B

No

If num>=40 Yes Grade C

No
Grade F

End

24
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter the number(0 - 100): ");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num>=80)
printf("Grade: A+\n");
else if(num>=70)
printf("Grade: A\n");
else if(num>=60)
printf("Grade: A-\n");
else if(num>=50)
printf("Grade: B\n");
else if(num>=40)
printf("Grade: C\n");
else
printf("Grade: F\n");
}

Result:
Input: Enter the number: 40
Output: Grade C

Discussion: The number range is taken from 0 to 100 in this program. The grades for
different number will be shown here by using If-else ladder. We have successfully executed
this program.

25
Problem No: 10

Problem Name: Use of break statement

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Initialize a for loop
Step 3: Checking the if condition
Step 3.1: if m<1000 then go to step 8
Step 3.2: Else go to step 4
Step 4: Input the value of x
Step 5: Check the if condition
Step 5.1: If(x<0) then break and exit from the loop and go to step 6
Step 5.2: Else identify sum+=x and goto step 5
Step 6: Identify Average=sum/(float)(m-1)
Step 7: Print value, sum, average
Step 8: End

26
Flow Chart:
Start

No
m<1000

Yes

Input x

Yes
If (x<0)

Average=sum/(float)(m-1)
No

Sum+=x

m++ Print sum, average

End

27
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int m;
float x, sum, average;
printf("This program computes the average of a set of numbers\n");
printf("Enter values one after another\n");
printf("Enter a negative number at the end\n");
sum=0;
for(m=1;m<=1000;m++)
{
scanf("%f",&x);
if(x<0)
break;
sum+=x;
}
average=sum/(float)(m-1);
printf("\n");
printf("Sum = %f\n",sum);
printf("Average = %f\n",average);
}

Result:
This program computes the average of a set of numbers
Enter values one after another
Enter a negative number at the end
Input: 21 23 24 22 26 22 -1
Output:
Sum = 138.000000
Average = 23.000000

Discussion: The number of values, sum, average of the given numbers will be shown in this
program. We have successfully executed this program.

28
Problem No: 11

Problem Name: A program to evaluate the series:

1
1−x = 1+x+x2+x3+……..+xn

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read an integer n and four double variable x, term, sum, m
Step 3: Input x
Step 4: Initialaze a for loop
Step 4.1: Assign sum=sum+term
Step 4.2: Check the if condition
Step 4.2a: If term<=m goto step 6
Step 4.2b: Else go to step 4.3c
Step 4.2c: Assign term*=x and go to step 4
Step 5: Print n is not sufficient to achieve the desired accuracy
Step 6: Print the sum
Step 7: End

29
Flow Chart:

Start

Input x

No

n<=100

Yes

Sum+=term Print n is not

sufficient

No
term<=m Print the sum

Yes

Term*=x & n+1

End

30
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
double x,term,sum=0,m=0.0001;
int n;
printf("Enter the value of x: ");
scanf("%lf",&x);
for(term=1,n=1;n<=100;n++)
{
sum+=term;
if(term<=m)
goto output;
term*=x;
}
printf("n is not sufficient to achieve the desired accuracy\n");
goto end;
output:
printf("Exit from loop\n");
printf("Sum = %lf\n",sum);
printf("No. of terms = %d\n\n",n);
end:
return 0;
}

Result:
Input: .97
n is not sufficient to achieve the desired accuracy

Discussion: We have successfully executed this program.

31
Problem No: 12

Problem Name: Use of continue statement

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Declare two values count=0,negative=0.
Step 3: Initialize a while loop
Step 3.1: If count<=100 then go to step 4
Step 3.2: Else go to step 8
Step 4: Input number and Checking the if condition
Step 4.1: If number=9999 then break and go to step 8
Step 4.2: Else if number <0 then increase negative++ and go to step 6
Step 4.3: Else assign the value of sqroot=sqrt(number) and goto step 5
Step 5: Print the square root of the number, assign count++ and go to step 3
Step 6: Print the negative item and goto step 3
Step 8: End

32
Flow Chart:

Start

count=0, negative=0

No
Start Start

count<=100

Yes
Start

Input number

Yes
Start number=9999

No
Start

Yes
number<0 Start negative++

Sqroot=sqrt(number)

Print negative

Print number, sqroot count++

End

33
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int count, negative;
double number, sqroot;
printf("Enter 9999 to STOP\n");
count = 0,negative = 0;
while(count<=100)
{
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%lf",&number);
if(number==9999)
break;
else if(number<0)
{
printf("Number is negative\n");
negative++;
continue;
}
else
{
sqroot=sqrt(number);
printf("Number = %lf\nSquare root = %lf\n", number, sqroot);
count++;
}
}
printf("Negative item = %d\n", negative);
printf("End of data\n");
}

Result:
Enter 9999 to STOP
Enter a number: 56
Number = 56.000000
Square root = 7.483315
Enter a number: 9
Number = 9.000000
Square root = 3.000000
Discussion: We have successfully executed this program.

34
Problem No: 13

Problem Name: Use of goto statement

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input the number x
Step 3: Initialize a read level
Step 4: Checking the if condition
Step 4.1: if x<0 then go to step 6
Step 4.2: Else identify y=sqrt(x) and go to step 7
Step 5: Increase the count value and checking the if condition
Step 5.1: If(count<=5) then go to step 3
Step 5.2: Else go to Step 8
Step 6: Print that the value is negative
Step 7: Print the value of x and y
Step 8: End

Flow Chart:
Start

Input x

35
 Label read:

Yes No
If x<0

y=sqrt(x)

Print the value is Print the value of

count++
negative x,y

Yes If(count No
End
<=5)

Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
double x,y;
int count=1;
printf("Enter five real values in a line\n");
read:
scanf("%lf",&x);

36
 printf("\n");
if(x<0)
{
printf("value %d is negative\n",count);
}
else
{
y=sqrt(x);
printf("%lf\t %lf\n",x,y);
}
count++;
if(count<=5)
goto read;
}
Result:
Input:
Enter five real values in a line
100 35.75 45.25 99 -8

Output: 100.000000 10.000000

35.750000 5.979130
45.250000 6.726812
99.000000 9.949874
value 5 is negative
End of computation
Discussion: We can find the roots of the given numbers from this program. We have
successfully executed the program.

Problem No: 14

Problem Name: Find the range of a series of values

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input value
Step 3: Declare an input label
Step 4: Check the if condition
Step 4.1: If value<0 go to output lebel and jump to step 8
Step 4.2: Else increase the count value and go to step 5
Step 5: Checking the if condition
Step 5.1: If count==1 then identify high = low = value and go to step 6
Step 5.2: else if(value>high) then identify high=value and go to step 6
37
 Step 5.3: else if(value<low) then identify low=value and go to step 6
Step 5.4: Else go to Step 6
Step 6: Identify sum = sum+value and goto step 7
Step 7: Goto input label and then jump to step 2
Step 8: Identify Average=(sum/count), Range=high-low
Step 9: Print total,highest, lowest,range and average of numbers
Step 12: End

Flow Chart:

Start

Sum=0, Count=0

Input
Input a number
value

Yes
If value<0 38
 No
goto output

No No

Output

Yes Yes Yes

high=value

sum=sum+value

No

End

Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=0;
float value,high,low,sum=0,average,range;
printf("Enter numbers in a line: input a negative number to end\n");
input:
scanf("%f",&value);
if(value<0) goto output;
count++;
if(count==1)
high = low = value;
else if(value>high)
high=value;
else if(value<low)
low=value;
sum=sum+value;
39
 goto input;
output:
average=sum/count;
range=high-low;
printf("Total values : %d\n",count);
printf("Highest Value: %f\nLowest Value: %f\n",high,low);
printf("Range: %f\nAverage: %f\n",range,average);
}

Result:
Input:
Enter numbers in a line: input a negative number to end
12 34 67 45.50 35 70 100 49.50 62.50 43 -1
Output:
Total values : 10
Highest Value: 100.000000
Lowest Value: 12.000000
Range: 88.000000
Average: 51.849998

Discussion: This program shows the total, highest, lowest, range and average of the given
numbers. We have successfully executed this program.

40