Web Application & Security

Q.1. Define a Computer network?

A computer network is an interconnected collection of autonomous

computers and devices to exchange information or share resources.

Q.2. What are different network architectures?

i. Peer to peer (P2P): Network in which all computers have an equal

status are called peer to peer networks. Each computer can act as a server

as well as a client.

ii. Client-Server: In this network there are specific Computers that share

data ,software's and hardware resources (e.g. printers, modems etc.)

called servers. Other computers that can request for some services from

server are called clients.

Q.3. Explain different types of computer Networks ?

LAN WAN

1. It stands for Local Area Network 1. It stands for Wide Area Network

2. It is a network within a small area such 2. It is a network across cities,

as building. countries and continents.

3. Twisted pair cable is preferably used 3. Optical fiber or satellite are used
for communication. for communication

4. Example: Computer Lab 4. Example: Mobile phone network

Q.4. What is Internet?
Internet stands for interconnected networks. It is interconnection of
computers all over the world.
Q.5. What is WWW?
WWW stands for World Wide web. It is a collection of protocols required
for transmitting documents on internet.
Q.6. What is a Web Browser?
It is a software used to display web pages and web sites. Examples of

web browsers are

 Microsoft Internet Explorer

 Mozilla Firefox
 Google Chrome
Q.7. What is Web Server?
Web Server is a computer that stores web server software and a website’s
component files.
Q.8. What are uses of a Computer Network?
i. Resource sharing : We can share hardware devices, software's as well as

data on a network.

ii. Communication Medium : Network can provide communication between

different computers attached to a network.

iii. Reduced Cost : Sharing of resources helps in reducing hardware and

software cost

iv. Centralized Control: We can centrally control the computers attached to a

network.
v. Central storage of data: We can save data of entire network on single

computer. It helps in removing duplication of data as well as maintaining

integrity of data.

Q.9. How to get access to the Internet?

To get access to Internet we need following:

 ISP: ISP stands Internet Service Provider. It is an organization

which provides us access of Internet. For eg. BSNL, JIO, etc.
 MODEM: MODEM stands for Modulator/Demodulator. It is a
device used to convert analog signal to digital signal and vice versa. It is
basically used to run internet on your computer/device.

Q.10. What are types of Internet Connectivity?

Types of Internet Connectivity can be divided into two categories:

i. Wired Technology:

 Dial-up: It uses the telephone line to connect to a internet

connection using a MODEM. User needs to dial a number to get access to
internet. They are very slow.
 DSL: DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It provides internet
connectivity by transmitting data over using wires of local telephone
network. We get wired telephone and Data Transmission on single
telephone line.
 Cable Internet Access:– It is broadband Internet service provided
through existing cable TV networks.

ii. Wireless Technology:–

 3G 3G stands for 3 rd generation of Mobile communication. Its speed

was upto 2Mbps. It provided high speed internet with support for sending
and receiving large e-mails , Video conferencing, 3D games and mobile
TV.
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is a 3G protocol that
allows higher data transfer rate.
11. What is WI-FI?

Wi Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. It is the wireless networking

technology that uses radio waves to provide w ireless high-speed Internet
and network connections.

Q.12. What is Wi-Max?

Wi-Max stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It

represents fourth generation of wireless Internet. It allows users to
connect to the high speed wireless Internet that can cover very large
distance.
Q.13. How is data transferr ed on a network?

 The data is broken up into pieces of same size called packets.

 A header is added to each packet which contains information about
source as well as destination of data and its location with respect to
other packets.
 Each packet travels between multiple computers until it finds its
destination. All these packets may not take the same route.
 These packets are examined at destination. If any packet is missing
or damaged, a message is sent to source to resend the packet. This
process continues until all packets are completely received.
 These packets are then combined to get original data.
Q.14. What is Instant messaging?

It is a form of communication over the Internet in which users can send

messages to each other in real time.
Most instant messaging software's allow text messages, audio chat, video
calling as well as sharing of desktops
Q.15. List any five instant messaging software's.

1. Google Talk

2. Yahoo! Messenger

3. Skype
4. Windows Live Messenger

5. Rediff Bol

Q.16. State any 03 rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting

on the Internet.

i. Messages should be short .

2. Always introduce yourself by name.

3. Always ask if the other person has time to chat.

4. In a business communication, you should know exactly what you want

to discuss.

5. Don’t type messages in uppercase as it is considered rude.

6. Give people time to respond.

7. It’s important to properly end a conversation.

Q.17. What are the basic needs to use instant messaging (chat)

software's.

1. Instant messaging software must be installed on your computer or

phone.

2.You must have an account on that software.

3. You should have list of contacts that are available for chat.

4. If you don’t have any contacts, you can add contacts by sending an

invitation to others whom you want to communicate.

Q.18. What is a blog.

Blog is a website where you can share information related to a specific

topic.

Q.19. Explain features of a blog.

i. It is similar to an online personal diary

ii. It is simple to use.

iii. It can be used to convey messages about events, announcements,

news, reviews etc.

iv. We need an active internet connection to make changes.

Q.20 List any 5 websites that provide blog service.

1. WordPress.com
2. blogger.com
3. wix.com
4. weebly.com
5. blogsome.com
Q.21 Difference between web page and website.

Web page is a document that supports hypertext.

Website is a collection of interconnected web pages.

Q.22 Explain the purpose of an offline blog editor.

Offline blog editor is a tool that can be used to create blogs without using

internet. We can create blogs offline on our computer and publish the m

whenever internet connectivity is available.

Q.23 List any five offline blog editors.

1. Qumana
2. Windows Live Writer
3. Blogdesk
4. MarsEdit
5. BlogJet
6. Blogo
Q.24 What is an online transaction?

Online transaction is the method of transferring money through internet

in secure manner.
Q.25 What is the purpose of online transaction?

Online transactions can be used for online shopping. Online shopping is a

form of electronic commerce where customers can buy or sell
goods/things over the Internet.
Customers must have an active internet connection for viewing goods or
services offered by a seller.
Customers can pay online using a credit, debit card or by internet
banking.
Q.26. How is Online shopping useful?

 Customer can place orders anywhere anytime.

 Customer does not need to move out to visit stores.
 There are more choices available.
 Products or services that is not available in the local market are
available online.
Q.27. List any five websites that allow online transactions.

1. IRCTC: an online portal for booking flight and train tickets.

2. Flipkart: an online shopping portal for buying consumer products.
3. EBay: an online portal for buying and selling goods.
4. Redbus, an online portal for booking bus tickets.
5. Paytm, an online portal for recharge and paying bills.
Q.28. List any three payment tools to use online transactions.

PayTM: It is very popular application using which you can make

payment for goods, services as well as international transactions. It has

helped many shops to go online. It provides its wallet that can be linked

to your bank account.

ii. Google Pay: Google Pay is a mobile payment app that does not have a

wallet facility. It allows you to make bank to bank transfers for free.

iii. Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM): It is a payment app

that lets you make simple, easy and quick transactions using

Unified Payments Interface (UPI). You can make direct bank

payments to anyone using their UPI ID or scanning their QR with

the BHIM app. You can also request money through the app from

a UPI ID.

Q.29 What is Internet Security?

Internet security is a branch of computer science that establishes rules

and measures against attacks over the Internet.

Q.30. How can we remain secure on internet?

i. Use strong passwords: a combination of alphanumeric and special

characters should be used for creating a password.

ii Backup your data: Always keep copies of personal data in CD or pen

drive

iii. Do not share personal information: Don’t share your personal

information like

name, age, address, school etc on unknown websites.

iv. Secure transactions: If you are making online transactions you

should be careful while entering credit card or debit card details

v. Install antivirus : Computers must have antivirus to save your

computer from virus and other threats data from your computer.

vi. Do not respond to e-mails from unknown users .

vii. Clear browser cookies frequently: Cookies are text files created on

your computer to monitor your activities on websites.

viii. Keep the operating system and software applications upto date

ix. Install firewall: Firewall is collection of software and hardware to

allow or block network traffic on a computer.

x. Never install software from unknown sourc es

Q.31 Explain different kinds of online threats.

Phishing: It is a method of trying to get personal information by

using a fake website.
Email Spoofing : It is the creation of email messages with a fake
sender,address.
Pharming: It is the process of redirecting traffic of a website to another
website by using illegal methods.
Char Spoofing: This is also known as script spoofing. In this case,
similar-looking characters can be used for security attacks.
Q.32. Write about basic safety rules to follow a t workplace

a. Your personal safety is your responsibility.

b. Dress properly (Cloths as well as shoes) .
c. Keep work area neat and tidy.
d. Follow the rules.
e. Report workplace accidents.
f. Know and follow emergency procedures.
g. Don’t operate tools or machinery that you are not trained for.
h. Avoid drugs and alcohol at work.
i. Take breaks appropriately.
Q.33. How can you provide fire safety at workplace?

a. Don’t overload electrical circuits.

b. Turn off electrical equipments at the end of day.
c. All kind of rubbish must be cleared.
d. Welding operations should be done in protected areas.
e. Know the fire safety plan and evacuation
f. Ensure that hazardous materials are properly stored and protected.
g. Know how use fire extinguishers.
Q.34. What are common causes of falls and slips at workplac e ?

a. Wet or oily surfaces.

b. Occasional spills.
c. Weather hazards.
d. Loose rugs or mats.
e. Flooring or other walking surfaces that do not have same degree of
fraction in all areas.
Q.35. How can we avoid Falls and Slips?

a. Cleaning of all spills immediately.

b. Marking of spills and wet areas.
c. Mopping or sweeping debris from floors.
d. Removing obstacles from walkways.
e. Always closing file cabinet or drawers.
f. Covering cables .
g. Proper light in working area.
h. Replace fuse light bulbs and faulty switches.
Q.36. What are various Electrical Safety Rules?

a. Avoid water while working with electricity.

b. Never use equipment with damaged wires or plugs.
c. Always use insulated tools.
d. Always use rubber gloves and goggles.
e. Never try to repair electrical equipment.
f. Never use an aluminum or steel ladder.
g. Turn off main switch if some electrical repair is there.
h.
Q.37.What is First Aid?

It is the basic medical care to someone experiencing a sudden injury or

illness.

Q.38. What is an Accident?

An unpleasant event that happens unexpectedly and causes damage,

injury or death.
Q.39. What is Emergency?

An emergency is a situation that may be a risk to health, life, property,

or environment.
Q.40. Explain types of Accidents.

Physical: Physical accidents happen due to collisions, falls, touching

something sharp or hot, accidentally kicking the leg of a chair while
walking, accidentally tipping over a glass of water, contacting electricity.
Non-Physical: Non-physical accidents include unintentionally revealing
a secret , saying something incorrectly, accidental deletion of data,
forgetting an appointment etc.

Q.41.How can we handle accidents?

a. Take control of situation.

b. Provide First aid .
c. Call for emergency services ( Ambulance, Fire Brigade, Police)
d. Deny access to people who don’t need to be on the scene.
e. Identify people and conditions at the scene. The people are
witnesses to what happened. Tell someone to note down their
names. If you’re alone, try to notice who’s there.
f. Preserve physical evidence. Evidence should not be altered or
removed.
g. Evaluate how bad the loss is, how bad it could have been, and
whether additional investigation
resources are needed.
h. Owners and upper management must be immediately notified.
Q.42. What are different types of Emergencies?

a. Fire or explosions
b. Medical emergencies
c. Severe weather
d. Earthquakes
e. Major power failures
f. Hazardous material spills

Q.43.How can we handle emergencies?

a. Take a deep breath.

b. Tell yourself you can handle the situation.

c. Protect yourself and the injured person from fire, explosions or

 other hazards.
d. Try to look at the situation as a whole.
 What is the most serious problem and what do you need to do
first?
 Treat the most life-threatening problems like bleeding or
shock first.
 If you think the person has a spinal injury, do not move him or
her unless the danger is great.
 Check for broken bones and other injuries.

Q.44 .What are hazards and sources of hazards?

A hazard is something that can harm individuals

Sources of hazards are:

a. Biological. Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, insects,

animals etc., that can cause make you sick.
b. Chemical. These are substances that can cause harm. They can
cause skin irritation, respiratory system irritation, blindness etc.
c. Physical. Physical hazards are environmental factors that can harm
a person without touching them, including heights, noise, radiation and
pressure.
d. Safety. These hazards create unsafe working conditions. For
example, exposed wires or a damaged carpet
e. Ergonomic. These hazards occur due to physical factors that result
in musculoskeletal injuries. For example, a poor workstation setup in an
office, poor posture and manual handling.
f. Psychosocial. Psychosocial hazards cause adverse effect on an
employee’s mental health. For example harassment, victimisation, stress
and violence.
Q.45. Explain General Evacuation Procedures.

a. Activate the fire alarm.

b. Call 112 immediately .
c. Exit the building using emergency maps.
d. Take injured individuals to a secure area .
e. Ensure that everyone is out of the building.
f. Do not use the elevator or lift.
g. Use a fire extinguisher if it is safe to do so .
h. Report hazardous conditions.
i. Stay away from the building until it is safe to return.
Q.46.What do you mean by healthy living?

a. Eat healthy and nutritious food. Vegetarian food is considered

better for healthy body . So your meal should have fruits,
vegetables, whole grains and low-fat milk products in excess.
b. Avoid junk food and cold drinks.
c. Avoid Tobacco and Alcohol.
d. Do exercise, Yoga or play some outdoor game on regular basis.
e. Get enough sleep.
f. Adopt a hobby.
g. Make good friends and spend some time with them.