King Saud University College of Sciences Department of Mathematics

Worksheet 3: Relation

Discrete Mathematics (151) Semester II (1441)

m, n ∈ A mRn ⇔ n = m2

1. What are the ordered pairs in the relation R ?

2. Find the domain and the image of R.

3. Represent R by the directed graph ( digraph ).

Exercice 2:
Let R be a relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

x, y ∈ A xRy ⇔ xy ≤ 9

1. What are the ordered pairs in the relation R ?

2. Find the domain and the image of R.

3. Represent R by the directed graph ( digraph ).

Exercice 3:
Let R be a relation defined from the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4} to the set B = {2, 3, 4, 5} as

a ∈ A, b ∈ B aRb ⇔ a + b = 5

1. What are the ordered pairs in the relation R ?

2. Represent R with a matrix.

Exercice 4:
Let R be a relation defined on the set A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

a, b ∈ A, aRb ⇔ a.b ≤ 10

1. What are the ordered pairs in the relation R ?

2. Represent R with a matrix.

3. Represent R by the directed graph ( digraph ).

Exercice 5:

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 1. Let R be a relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}

x, y ∈ A, xRy ⇔ x2 + y 2 ≤ 13

(a) List all ordered pairs of the relation R.

2. Let S = {(a, c), (a, d), (b, b), (c, a), (c, d)} and T = {(a, b), (b, a), (b, b), (b, d), (d, a), (d, c)}
be two relations on the set B = {a, b, c, d}.

(a) Find S − T −1 .
(b) Find S ◦ T .
(c) Find R2 .

Exercice 6:
Let R be the relation from the set A := {0, 1, 2, 3} to the set B := {1, 2, 3} defined as
follows: for a ∈ A and b ∈ B, [(aRb) ⇔ (b2 − a ≥ 1)].
1. List all the ordered pairs in the relation R.

2. Represent the relation R with a matrix.

3. Let S be the relation from B to A defined by S := {(1, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}.

(a) Find the following relations: S ◦ R and S −1 \ R.

Exercice 7:
Let R be the relation on N = {1, 2, . . . } such that

m, n ∈ N mRn ⇔ m − n > 1

Determine whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric, antisymmetric, and/or transi-

Exercice 8:
Let R be a relation defined on the set A = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

a, b ∈ A, aRb ⇔ a2 = b2

1. What are the ordered pairs in the relation R ?

2. Represent R with a matrix.

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 3. Represent R by the directed graph ( digraph ).
4. Determine whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric, antisymmetric, and/or
transitive.
Exercice 9:
Let R be a relation defined on the set A = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}
a, b ∈ A, aRb ⇔ a.b < 0
1. What are the ordered pairs in the relation R ?
2. Represent R with a matrix.
3. Represent R by the directed graph ( digraph ).
4. Find R2
5. Determine whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric, antisymmetric, and/or
transitive.
Exercice 10:
Let S be the relation on Z − {0} such that a S b if and only if ab > 0.
1. Show that S is an equivalence relation.
2. Find [1] and [−1].
Exercice 11:
Find all (distinct) equivalence classes of the equivalence relation
T = {(a, a), (a, d), (b, b), (c, c), (c, e), (d, a), (d, d), (e, c), (e, e)} on the set A = {a, b, c, d, e}.

Exercice 12:
Let R be a relation defined on the set N = {1, 2, 3, · · · } such that for a, b ∈ N,
√ √
a R b ⇐⇒ ( a − b) ∈ Z = {0, ±1, ±2, · · · }
1. Show that R is an equivalence relation on N.
2. Is 9 ∈ [4].
Exercice 13:
Let T be the equivalence relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, where
I(T ) = {{1}, {2, 3, }, {4, 5, 6, }, {7, 8}}. Represent T in ordered pairs.

Exercice 14:
Let E be the equivalence relation on the set A = {−3, −2, −, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} for which the
equivalence classes are:
C1 = {−3, 0, 2}, C2 = {−2, 1}, C3 = {−1} and C4 = {3, 4}.

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 1. List all the ordered pairs in the relation E.
2. Draw the digraph of the relation E.

Exercice 15:
Let S be a relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} as: a S b ⇐⇒ a|b.
1. Show that S is a partial ordering relation on A.
2. Is S a totally ordering relation on A?
3. Draw the Hasse diagram for (A, S).
Exercice 16:
Draw the Hasse diagram representing the partial ordering relation
{(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)} on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}.

Exercice 17:
Let P = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2)} on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}.
1. Show that P is a partial ordering relation on A.
2. Is P a totally ordering relation on A?
3. Draw the Hasse diagram for (A, P ).
Exercice 18:
Consider the relation P on the set A := {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by:
P = {(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (5, 4), (5, 2), (4, 2)}.
1. Draw the digraph of the relation P .
2. Prove that P is a partial ordering relation on A.
3. Draw the Hasse diagram of P .
4. Is P a total ordering?

Exercice 19:
List all ordered pairs of the partial order Q on the set B = {u, v, w, x, y, z}, represented
by the Hasse diagram below.