1. What is back-end development?

o Back-end development refers to the server-side logic that powers websites and
apps, involving databases, servers, and APIs.
2. How does front-end development differ from back-end development?
o Front-end development deals with the client side, focusing on user interface and
interaction, while back-end development handles data processing and storage on
the server side.
3. What are some common types of servers used in back-end systems?
o Common types include database servers, web servers, mail servers, and
application servers.
4. What is a Data Flow Diagram (DFD), and why is it used?
o A DFD is a visual representation of data flow within a system, used to illustrate
how data moves and processes interact.
5. What does the FURPS acronym stand for, and what does each element represent?
o FURPS stands for Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, and
Security, used to categorize software requirements.
6. How does the Agile SDLC model differ from the Waterfall model?
o The Agile model is iterative and allows for frequent changes, while the Waterfall
model follows a sequential, step-by-step process.
7. What are APIs, and how do they facilitate software integration?
o APIs are sets of protocols that allow software to communicate, enabling data
exchange and integration between systems.
8. What is middleware, and what role does it play in back-end architecture?
o Middleware connects an application’s front end to its back end, handling
communications between the server, database, and applications.
9. What purpose does a relational database serve in back-end development?
o A relational database organizes data in structured tables, enabling efficient
storage, retrieval, and management.
10. How do ER diagrams assist in database design?
o ER diagrams visually represent database structures, defining relationships
between data entities to help design databases effectively.
11. What is the primary function of an operating system in server environments?
o The operating system manages hardware and software resources, providing
services and acting as an intermediary for applications.
12. What are some common tools for system analysis?
o Tools include grid charts, system flow charts, decision trees, and simulations,
each aiding in various stages of system design and analysis.
13. How does the Prototype model aid in software development?
o The Prototype model allows developers to create early versions of software to
gather feedback, iterating until meeting user requirements.
14. What role does JSON play in data interchange?
o JSON is a lightweight data format used for data exchange between a server and
web applications, often simplifying data handling.
15. What are the primary considerations in designing a database?
o Key considerations include data types, relationships, normalization, and indexing
to optimize storage and retrieval efficiency.
16. How is the scope of a back-end system defined?
o The scope outlines functionalities, data handling, integration, security, and
performance measures required for the back end.
17. What is UML, and how does it support system development?
o UML is a standardized language for visualizing and documenting software
design, aiding communication among stakeholders.
18. What are some popular back-end frameworks in Python, and how do they differ?
o Popular frameworks include Django (full-featured), Flask (lightweight), and
CherryPy (minimalist), each with unique strengths for web development.
19. Why is system testing crucial in the SDLC?
o Testing verifies system functionality, identifying defects and ensuring reliability
and performance before deployment.
20. How do Level 0, Level 1, and Level 2 DFDs differ?
o Level 0 DFDs show a high-level overview, Level 1 breaks down major processes,
and Level 2 provides detailed sub-processes.
21. What is the purpose of an ER diagram's primary and foreign keys?
o Primary keys uniquely identify records in a table, while foreign keys create links
between tables, supporting relational database integrity.
22. How can a developer ensure API security?
o API security can be ensured through authentication, authorization, encryption, and
limiting request rates to prevent abuse.
23. What is iterative development, and when is it advantageous?
o Iterative development breaks down software into manageable iterations,
beneficial when project requirements are expected to evolve.
24. What is an event streaming service, and how does it differ from message queuing?
o Event streaming stores messages persistently, focusing on sequence, while
message queuing deletes messages once delivered.
25. What is the role of version control in back-end development?
o Version control tracks code changes, allows collaboration, and manages different
versions of the software for effective development.
26. How can back-end architecture be optimized for performance?
o Performance optimization may involve caching, efficient algorithms, database
indexing, and reducing server response time.
27. What are some common security practices for back-end systems?
o Practices include encryption, access control, regular security audits, and
vulnerability scanning.
28. How do data warehouses support business intelligence?
o Data warehouses aggregate data from different sources, enabling complex
analysis and reporting for informed business decisions.
29. What challenges are associated with database scaling?
o Challenges include handling increased load, maintaining data integrity, balancing
performance, and managing replication and backups.
30. What is a join table, and why is it used in many-to-many relationships?
o A join table links two tables with many-to-many relationships, enabling each
entry in both tables to be associated with multiple entries in the other.
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1. What does FURPS stand for in software development?

o A) Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Security
o B) Function, Usage, Reliability, Productivity, Scalability
o C) Format, Usability, Reliability, Processing, Scalability
o D) Feature, Usability, Resource, Performance, Security
o Answer: A) Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Security
2. Which component is part of the back end in web development?
o A) HTML
o B) CSS
o C) Database
o D) JavaScript
o Answer: C) Database
3. In a relational database, how is data organized?
o A) Hierarchical tree structure
o B) Columns and rows in tables
o C) Key-value pairs
o D) Objects and classes
o Answer: B) Columns and rows in tables
4. What is the main purpose of middleware in a back-end system?
o A) To enhance the front end
o B) To connect the front end with the back end
o C) To control database indexing
o D) To optimize client-side scripts
o Answer: B) To connect the front end with the back end
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of server commonly used in back-end
systems?
o A) Database server
o B) Application server
o C) Print server
o D) Image server
o Answer: D) Image server
6. What does an API allow in software development?
o A) Direct hardware communication
o B) Secure server connection
o C) Integration and communication between software systems
o D) Data encryption
o Answer: C) Integration and communication between software systems
7. What is JSON commonly used for?
o A) Server configuration
o B) Data interchange between servers and web applications
o C) Database indexing
 o D) API security
o Answer: B) Data interchange between servers and web applications
8. Which of these is a primary back-end framework for Python?
o A) Django
o B) Angular
o C) Bootstrap
o D) React
o Answer: A) Django
9. In back-end development, which database is known for handling non-relational
data?
o A) MySQL
o B) Oracle
o C) NoSQL
o D) PostgreSQL
o Answer: C) NoSQL
10. What does a Level 0 DFD represent in system design?
o A) Detailed process interactions
o B) Database structure
o C) Overview of the system
o D) Specific software requirements
o Answer: C) Overview of the system
11. Which software development model is most focused on flexibility and iteration?
o A) Waterfall
o B) RAD
o C) Agile
o D) Prototype
o Answer: C) Agile
12. What is the primary role of a back-end server?
o A) Managing the user interface
o B) Handling client requests and data processing
o C) Managing network traffic
o D) Designing the front end
o Answer: B) Handling client requests and data processing
13. Which of these is a key function of an operating system on a server?
o A) Managing hardware and software resources
o B) Writing front-end code
o C) Designing user interfaces
o D) Encrypting all network data
o Answer: A) Managing hardware and software resources
14. What is UML used for in software engineering?
o A) Defining server requirements
o B) Visualizing and documenting system design
o C) Managing data flow
o D) Encrypting API data
o Answer: B) Visualizing and documenting system design
15. In a database, what does a primary key do?
 o A) Links tables together
o B) Uniquely identifies records in a table
o C) Encrypts database records
o D) Organizes data into rows
o Answer: B) Uniquely identifies records in a table
16. Which SDLC model is known for its sequential flow and strict phase order?
o A) RAD Model
o B) Agile Model
o C) Waterfall Model
o D) Prototype Model
o Answer: C) Waterfall Model
17. What is the role of a database in back-end development?
o A) Design user interfaces
o B) Store and manage data for applications
o C) Provide server security
o D) Cache web pages
o Answer: B) Store and manage data for applications
18. Which type of API is commonly used in web services for public use?
o A) Partner API
o B) Private API
o C) Public API
o D) Composite API
o Answer: C) Public API
19. What is the purpose of testing in the software development lifecycle?
o A) To collect requirements
o B) To release software to users
o C) To identify and fix defects
o D) To update design documents
o Answer: C) To identify and fix defects
20. Which of the following is a common security practice in back-end systems?
o A) Writing front-end scripts
o B) Disabling server logs
o C) Using encryption and authentication
o D) Simplifying user interfaces
o Answer: C) Using encryption and authentication

4o

1. What does FURPS stand for in software development?

o A) Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Security
o B) Function, Usage, Reliability, Productivity, Scalability
 o C) Format, Usability, Reliability, Processing, Scalability
o D) Feature, Usability, Resource, Performance, Security
o Answer: A) Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Security
2. Which component is part of the back end in web development?
o A) HTML
o B) CSS
o C) Database
o D) JavaScript
o Answer: C) Database
3. In a relational database, how is data organized?
o A) Hierarchical tree structure
o B) Columns and rows in tables
o C) Key-value pairs
o D) Objects and classes
o Answer: B) Columns and rows in tables
4. What is the main purpose of middleware in a back-end system?
o A) To enhance the front end
o B) To connect the front end with the back end
o C) To control database indexing
o D) To optimize client-side scripts
o Answer: B) To connect the front end with the back end
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of server commonly used in back-end
systems?
o A) Database server
o B) Application server
o C) Print server
o D) Image server
o Answer: D) Image server
6. What does an API allow in software development?
o A) Direct hardware communication
o B) Secure server connection
o C) Integration and communication between software systems
o D) Data encryption
o Answer: C) Integration and communication between software systems
7. What is JSON commonly used for?
o A) Server configuration
o B) Data interchange between servers and web applications
o C) Database indexing
o D) API security
o Answer: B) Data interchange between servers and web applications
8. Which of these is a primary back-end framework for Python?
o A) Django
o B) Angular
o C) Bootstrap
o D) React
o Answer: A) Django
9. In back-end development, which database is known for handling non-relational
data?
o A) MySQL
o B) Oracle
o C) NoSQL
o D) PostgreSQL
o Answer: C) NoSQL
10. What does a Level 0 DFD represent in system design?
o A) Detailed process interactions
o B) Database structure
o C) Overview of the system
o D) Specific software requirements
o Answer: C) Overview of the system
11. Which software development model is most focused on flexibility and iteration?
o A) Waterfall
o B) RAD
o C) Agile
o D) Prototype
o Answer: C) Agile
12. What is the primary role of a back-end server?
o A) Managing the user interface
o B) Handling client requests and data processing
o C) Managing network traffic
o D) Designing the front end
o Answer: B) Handling client requests and data processing
13. Which of these is a key function of an operating system on a server?
o A) Managing hardware and software resources
o B) Writing front-end code
o C) Designing user interfaces
o D) Encrypting all network data
o Answer: A) Managing hardware and software resources
14. What is UML used for in software engineering?
o A) Defining server requirements
o B) Visualizing and documenting system design
o C) Managing data flow
o D) Encrypting API data
o Answer: B) Visualizing and documenting system design
15. In a database, what does a primary key do?
o A) Links tables together
o B) Uniquely identifies records in a table
o C) Encrypts database records
o D) Organizes data into rows
o Answer: B) Uniquely identifies records in a table
16. Which SDLC model is known for its sequential flow and strict phase order?
o A) RAD Model
o B) Agile Model
 o C) Waterfall Model
o D) Prototype Model
o Answer: C) Waterfall Model
17. What is the role of a database in back-end development?
o A) Design user interfaces
o B) Store and manage data for applications
o C) Provide server security
o D) Cache web pages
o Answer: B) Store and manage data for applications
18. Which type of API is commonly used in web services for public use?
o A) Partner API
o B) Private API
o C) Public API
o D) Composite API
o Answer: C) Public API
19. What is the purpose of testing in the software development lifecycle?
o A) To collect requirements
o B) To release software to users
o C) To identify and fix defects
o D) To update design documents
o Answer: C) To identify and fix defects
20. Which of the following is a common security practice in back-end systems?
o A) Writing front-end scripts
o B) Disabling server logs
o C) Using encryption and authentication
o D) Simplifying user interfaces
o Answer: C) Using encryption and authentication

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