Scribd
Upload
19 views42 pages

Internal Loadings MDB

The document discusses internal loadings in beams, detailing the method of sections to analyze forces such as axial loading, shear force, and bending moment. It outlines a step-by-step procedure for determining internal forces at specific points in a beam using free body diagrams and equilibrium equations. Additionally, it covers the relationship between distributed loads, shear forces, and bending moments, including methods for drawing shear and moment diagrams.

Uploaded by

Jade Princess Abas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views42 pages

Internal Loadings MDB

The document discusses internal loadings in beams, detailing the method of sections to analyze forces such as axial loading, shear force, and bending moment. It outlines a step-by-step procedure for determining internal forces at specific points in a beam using free body diagrams and equilibrium equations. Additionally, it covers the relationship between distributed loads, shear forces, and bending moments, including methods for drawing shear and moment diagrams.

Uploaded by

Jade Princess Abas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

Mechanics & Materials 1

Chapter 7
Internal Loadings
FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Internal Loading

• Using the method of sections we can


investigate the loading acting within a
member
Internal Loading

• Using a free body diagram of the … beam


we obtain the reactions Ax, Ay, Bx, By.
Internal Loading
• Consider Section AC only, equilibrium of the
sections requires adding three components
– Force N along the axis of the beam is called axial loading
– Force V perpendicular to the beam axis is called shear force
– Moment M eliminates the moments of the forces N and V
Internal Force: Analysis
Procedure
Example:
Determine the internal
normal force, shear force,
and the loading moment
acting just to the left at
point B, and just to the
right at point C of the 6 kN
force
Internal Force Analysis
Step 1
• Draw a free body diagram of the entire
frame and use it to determine as many of the
reaction forces at the supports as you can.

∑ MD = 0 ⇒ 9KN.m + (6KN)(6m) − Ay (9m) = 0


Ay = 5KN
Internal Force Analysis
Step 2
• Dismember the frame and draw a free body
diagram of each of its members:
– write as many equilibrium equations as are
necessary to find all the forces acting on the
member on which the point of interest is
located.
Internal Force Analysis
Step 3
• Cut the member at a point of interest and
draw a free body diagram of each of the two
portions.
Internal Loading Analysis
Step 4
• Select one of the two free body diagrams you
have drawn and use it to write three equilibrium
equations for the corresponding point of the body
– Summing Moments about the point of interest
∑ M p = 0 → gives bending moment at point P
– Summing Forces along the axis of the member
∑ Fx = 0 → will produce axial force in the
member

∑F y = 0 → shearing force
Internal Loading Analysis
Step 4
Segment AB

+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 NB = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 5kN − VB = 0 → VB = 5kN
(−5kN )(3m) + M B = 0 → M B = 15kN ⋅ m
+ ∑MB = 0
Internal Loading Analysis
Step 4

Segment AC

→ ∑ Fx = 0
 + NC = 0
5kN − 6kN + VC = 0 → VC = 1kN
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0
(−5kN )(3m) + M C = 0 → M C = 15kN ⋅ m
+ ∑ MC = 0
Example

• Determine the resultant internal loading acting on


the cross section at G of the wooden beam AE.
Assuming the joints at A, B, C, D, and E are pin-
connections
Solution
Step 1: Support Reaction
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0
1
− 1500 + (6 ft )(300 lb ft )
2
+ Ey = 0
E y = 2400 ↑
+ ∑ME = 0
1500(10) + 900(4) − FC x (3) = 0
FC x = 6200lb
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0
− E x + 6200 = 0
E x = 6200
Solution
Step 2 : Free Body Diagram at point G
Solution
Step 3 : Equations of Equilibrium for segment AG
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0
4
7750  + N G = 0
5
N G = −6200lb
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0
3
− 1500 + 7750  − VG = 0
5
VG = 3150lb
+ ∑ MG = 0
3
M G − 7750 (2) + 1500(2) = 0
5
M G = 6300lb ⋅ ft
Question ???
• Will we get the same results by considering
segment GE rather than AG?
Determining V and M in a Beam:
General Procedures
• 1. Draw a FBD of the entire beam, find reactions and supports
• 2. Cut the beam at the point of interest
• 3. Draw FBD of the section of interest including :
– the external loads and reactions
– the shearing force and bending couple representing the internal forces
• 4.Write the equilibrium equations for the portion of the beam
you selected
• 5. Record the values and signs of V and M obtained.
Determining the Shear and Bending
Moment in a Beam
• Draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the beam shown below
Step 1
• Draw the free body diagram of the entire beam, to
determine the reactions at the beam supports

+∑MA = 0
B y (32) − 480(6) − 700(22) = 0
B y = 365lb ↑
+ ∑MB = 0
480(26) + 400(10) − A(32) = 0
A = 515lb ↑
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0
Bx = 0
Step 2
• Cut the beam at the point C ( point of
interest
Step 3
• Draw free body diagram of the portion of
the beam you have selected showing:
– The loads and reactions exerted on that portion
of the beam, replace distributed loads by
equivalent concentrated loads
– The shearing force and the bending moment
representing the internal force at the point of
interest
Shear and Bending Moment from A to C

515 − 40 ( X ) − V = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 V = 515 − 40 Xlb
1 
+ ∑ M1 = 0 − 515 X − 40 X  X  + M = 0
2 
M = 515 − 20 X 2 lb ⋅ in
Shear and Bending Moment from C to D

515 − 480 − V = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 V = 35lb
− 515 X − 480( X − 6 ) + M = 0
+ ∑M2 = 0 M = (2880 + 35 X )lb ⋅ in
Shear and Bending Moment from D to B

515 − 480 − 400V = 0


+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0
V = 365lb
+ ∑ M3 = 0 − 515 X − 480( X − 6) − 1600 + 400( x − 18) + M = 0
M = 11⋅ 680 − 365 Xlb ⋅ in
Step 5
• Draw the shear and moment diagram
Relationship Between Distributed
Load , Shear , and Moment
• W = w(x) is a distributed
load
• Distributed load
considered positive when
acts downward, and
negative when acts
upward.

• Positive sense of shear


force and bending
moments are given
Shear Force and Bending
Moment Sign Convention
w, V, M Relations
• Consider the equilibrium
of the element cut from
the beam:
Relation Between V&w
• Using the limits theory, dividing by ∆x and
taking the limit as ∆x 0
Relation between M &V
Area Method to Find V( Shear Force)
• Change in shear between points B and C is equal
to the negative of the area under the distributed -
loading curve between these points
Area Method to Find M
(Bending Moment)
• The change in moment between points B and C is
equal to the area under the shear diagram within
region BC
Example
• Draw the shear and
bending moment
diagrams for the beam
shown .
Solution

• Step 1: FBD and


reactions

• Step2: Cut a portion of


the beam
• Step3: Draw a FBD of
that section
Solution, Cont...
• Step4: write the equilibrium
equations for that section

• Step5: use the resulting


equations to draw the V and
M diagrams
Drawing V and M Diagrams
Using the Area Method
Example : Area Method
• Using the area method draw the shear and
moment diagrams of the beam shown below
Solution

• Note that when having a


concentrated couple
affecting the beam at certain
point, that will not affect the
shear diagram, however, the
bending moment diagram
will show a discontinuity at
that point rising or falling
by an amount equivalent to
the magnitude of that couple
Practice !
• Draw a complete shear and bending moment
diagrams for the beam shown below
Answer to Practice
Practice
• Draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the following beam
Answer to Practice

You might also like