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Formulas Stewart

The document provides definitions and properties of functions, including even and odd functions, increasing and decreasing functions, and methods for transforming functions through shifts and stretches. It also covers operations on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition, as well as the laws of exponents and the definition of exponential functions. Additionally, it introduces the natural exponential function and hints at inverse functions and logarithms.

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41 views2 pages

Formulas Stewart

The document provides definitions and properties of functions, including even and odd functions, increasing and decreasing functions, and methods for transforming functions through shifts and stretches. It also covers operations on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition, as well as the laws of exponents and the definition of exponential functions. Additionally, it introduces the natural exponential function and hints at inverse functions and logarithms.

Uploaded by

alexandrestpierre2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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J.

Stewart : Calculus (9th Edition)


Formulas

1.1 Four Ways to Represent a Function


Definition of a Function: A function f is a rule that assigns to each element x in a set D exactly one
element, called f (x), in a set E.
The Vertical Line Test : A curve in the xy-plane is the graph of a function of x if and only if no vertical
line intersects the curve more than once.
Even function : A function f that satisfies f (−x) = f (x) for every number x in its domain.
Odd function : A function f satisfies f (−x) = −f (x) for every number x in its domain.
Increasing function : A function f is called increasing on an interval I if

f (x1 ) < f (x2 ) whenever x1 < x2 in I

Decreasing function : A function f is called decreasing on an interval I if

f (x1 ) > f (x2 ) whenever x1 < x2 in I

1.3 New Functions from Old Functions


Vertical and Horizontal Shifts Suppose c > 0. To obtain the graph of :
y = f (x) + c, shift the graph of y = f (x) a distance c units upward
y = f (x) − c, shift the graph of y = f (x) a distance c units downward
y = f (x − c), shift the graph of y = f (x) a distance c units to the right
y = f (x + c), shift the graph of y = f (x) a distance c units to the left
Vertical and Horizontal Stretching and Reflecting Suppose c > 1. To obtain the graph of :
y = cf (x), stretch the graph of y = f (x) vertically by a factor of c
y = (1/c)f (x), shrink the graph of y = f (x) vertically by a factor of c
y = f (cx), shrink the graph of y = f (x) horizontally by a factor of c
y = f (x/c), stretch the graph of y = f (x) horizontally by a factor of c
y = −f (x), reflect the graph of y = f (x) about the x-axis
y = f (−x), reflect the graph of y = f (x) about the y-axis
Combinations of Functions Given two functions f and g, the sum, difference, product, and quotient
functions are defined by
(f −
(f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x)   g)(x) = f (x) = g(x)
f f (x)
(f g)(x) = f (x)g(x) g (x) = g(x)

Composite Function Given two functions f and g, the composite function f ◦ g (also called the com-
position of f and g) is defined by

(f ◦ g)(x) = f (g(x))

1
1.4 Exponential Functions
Laws of Exponents If a and b are positive number and x and y are any real numbers, then

1. bx+y = bx by
bx
2. bx−y = by
3. (bx )y = bxy

4. (ab)x = ax bx

Exponential function It is a function of the form f (x) = bx where b is a positive constant.


Natural exponential function The function f (x) = ex is an exponential function whose base is such that
the slope of the tangent line of y = bx at (0, 1), is exactly 1.

1.5 Inverse Functions and Logarithms

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