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Chapter 2

The document provides an overview of various SQL JOIN operations, including INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN, CROSS JOIN, and self joins, with diagrams and syntax examples for each type. It explains how LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN differ in functionality, and emphasizes that RIGHT JOIN is less commonly used. Additionally, the document includes practical examples using a leaders database to illustrate the concepts.

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Meli Mayless
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3 views32 pages

Chapter 2

The document provides an overview of various SQL JOIN operations, including INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN, CROSS JOIN, and self joins, with diagrams and syntax examples for each type. It explains how LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN differ in functionality, and emphasizes that RIGHT JOIN is less commonly used. Additionally, the document includes practical examples using a leaders database to illustrate the concepts.

Uploaded by

Meli Mayless
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEFT and RIGHT

JOINs
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L

Maham Faisal Khan


Senior Content Developer, Data Science
INNER JOIN diagram
Diagram for an INNER JOIN ON the id field

JOINING DATA IN SQL


LEFT JOIN initial diagram
LEFT JOIN will return all records in the left table, and those records in the right table that
match on the joining field provided

Diagram for a LEFT JOIN ON the id field

JOINING DATA IN SQL


LEFT JOIN diagram
Diagram for a LEFT JOIN ON the id field

JOINING DATA IN SQL


LEFT JOIN syntax
SELECT p1.country, prime_minister, president
FROM prime_ministers AS p1
LEFT JOIN presidents AS p2
USING(country);

Note. LEFT JOIN can also be written as LEFT OUTER JOIN .

| country | prime_minister | president |


|----------------|-------------------|-------------------------|
| Egypt | Mostafa Madbouly | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi |
| Portugal | Luís Montenegro | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa |
| Pakistan | Shehbaz Sharif | Asif Ali Zardari |
| United Kingdom | Keir Starmer | null |
| India | Narendra Modi | Droupadi Murmu |
| Australia | Anthony Albanese | null |
...

JOINING DATA IN SQL


RIGHT JOIN
Diagram for a RIGHT JOIN ON the id field

JOINING DATA IN SQL


RIGHT JOIN syntax
SELECT *
FROM left_table
RIGHT JOIN right_table
ON left_table.id = right_table.id;

Note. RIGHT JOIN can also be written as RIGHT OUTER JOIN .

JOINING DATA IN SQL


RIGHT JOIN with presidents and prime ministers
SELECT p1.country, prime_minister, president
FROM prime_ministers AS p1
RIGHT JOIN presidents AS p2
USING(country);

| country | prime_minister | president |


|----------------|------------------|-------------------------|
| Egypt | Mostafa Madbouly | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi |
| Portugal | Luís Montenegro | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa |
| USA | null | Joe Biden |
| Uruguay | null | Luis Lacalle Pou |
| Pakistan | Shehbaz Sharif | Asif Ali Zardari |
| Chile | null | Gabriel Boric |
| India | Narendra Modi | Droupadi Murmu |

JOINING DATA IN SQL


LEFT JOIN or RIGHT JOIN?
RIGHT JOIN is less commonly used than LEFT JOIN

Any RIGHT JOIN can be re-written as a LEFT JOIN

LEFT JOIN feels more intuitive to users when typing from left to right

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Let's practice!
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L
FULL JOINs
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L

Maham Faisal Khan


Senior Content Developer, DataCamp
FULL JOIN initial diagram
A FULL JOIN combines a LEFT JOIN and a RIGHT JOIN

Diagram for a FULL JOIN ON the id field

JOINING DATA IN SQL


FULL JOIN diagram

JOINING DATA IN SQL


FULL JOIN syntax
SELECT left_table.id AS L_id,
right_table.id AS R_id,
left_table.val AS L_val,
right_table.val AS R_val
FROM left_table
FULL JOIN right_table
USING (id);

Note. The keyword FULL OUTER JOIN can also be used.

JOINING DATA IN SQL


FULL JOIN example using leaders database
SELECT p1.country AS country, prime_minister, president

JOINING DATA IN SQL


FULL JOIN example using leaders database
SELECT p1.country AS country, prime_minister, president
FROM prime_ministers AS p1

JOINING DATA IN SQL


FULL JOIN example using leaders database
SELECT p1.country AS country, prime_minister, president
FROM prime_ministers AS p1
FULL JOIN presidents AS p2

JOINING DATA IN SQL


FULL JOIN example using leaders database
SELECT p1.country AS country, prime_minister, president
FROM prime_ministers AS p1
FULL JOIN presidents AS p2
ON p1.country = p2.country
LIMIT 10;

JOINING DATA IN SQL


FULL JOIN example using leaders database
| country | prime_minister | president |
|----------------|------------------|-------------------------|
| Egypt | Mostafa Madbouly | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi |
| Portugal | Luís Montenegro | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa |
| Pakistan | Shehbaz Sharif | Asif Ali Zardari |
| United Kingdom | Keir Starmer | null |
| USA | null | Joe Biden |
| Uruguay | null | Luis Lacalle Pou |
| Chile | null | Gabriel Boric |
| India | Narendra Modi | Droupadi Murmu |
| Norway | Jonas Gahr Støre | null |
| Brunei | Hassanal Bolkiah | null |

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Let's practice!
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L
Crossing into CROSS
JOIN
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L

Maham Faisal Khan


Senior Content Developer, DataCamp
CROSS JOIN diagram
CROSS JOIN creates all possible combinations of two tables.

JOINING DATA IN SQL


CROSS JOIN syntax
SELECT id1, id2
FROM table1
CROSS JOIN table2;

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Pairing prime ministers with presidents
SELECT prime_minister, president
FROM prime_ministers AS p1
CROSS JOIN presidents AS p2
WHERE p1.continent IN ('Asia')
AND p2.continent IN ('South America');

|--------------------|-------------------------|
| prime_minister | president |
|--------------------|-------------------------|
| Shehbaz Sharif | Luis Lacalle Pou |
| Narendra Modi | Luis Lacalle Pou |
| Hassanal Bolkiah | Luis Lacalle Pou |
| Haitham bin Tarik | Luis Lacalle Pou |
| Shehbaz Sharif | Gabriel Boric |
| Narendra Modi | Gabriel Boric |
| Hassanal Bolkiah | Gabriel Boric |
| Haitham bin Tarik | Gabriel Boric |
|--------------------|-------------------------|

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Let's practice!
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L
Self joins
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L

Maham Faisal Khan


Senior Content Developer, DataCamp
Self joins
Self joins are tables joined with themselves
They can be used to compare parts of the same table

The prime_ministers table from the world leaders database

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Prime minister, meet prime minister
SELECT
p1.country AS country1,
p2.country AS country2,
p1.continent
FROM prime_ministers AS p1
INNER JOIN prime_ministers AS p2
ON p1.continent = p2.continent
LIMIT 10;

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Prime minister, meet prime minister
| country1 | country2 | continent |
|------------|------------|---------------|
| Egypt | Egypt | Africa |
| Portugal | Spain | Europe |
| Portugal | Norway | Europe |
| Portugal | Portugal | Europe |
| Vietnam | Oman | Asia |
| Vietnam | Brunei | Asia |
| Vietnam | India | Asia |
| Vietnam | Vietnam | Asia |
| Haiti | Haiti | North America |
| India | Oman | Asia |
| India | Brunei | Asia |

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Prime minister, meet prime minister
SELECT
p1.country AS country1,
p2.country AS country2,
p1.continent
FROM prime_ministers AS p1
INNER JOIN prime_ministers AS p2
ON p1.continent = p2.continent
AND p1.country <> p2.country;

JOINING DATA IN SQL


The self joined prime ministers table
|------------|------------|-------------|
| country1 | country2 | continent |
|------------|------------|-------------|
| Portugal | Spain | Europe |
| Portugal | Norway | Europe |
| Vietnam | Oman | Asia |
| Vietnam | Brunei | Asia |
| Vietnam | India | Asia |
| India | Oman | Asia |
| India | Brunei | Asia |
| India | Vietnam | Asia |
| Norway | Spain | Europe |
| Norway | Portugal | Europe |
|------------|------------|-------------|

JOINING DATA IN SQL


Let's practice!
J O I N I N G D ATA I N S Q L

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