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Ubuntu Commands

This document provides a comprehensive list of essential Ubuntu commands for various tasks such as file management, system monitoring, and package management. Each command is accompanied by a brief description of its function. The commands cover a wide range of operations, from navigating directories to managing processes and network configurations.

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34 views2 pages

Ubuntu Commands

This document provides a comprehensive list of essential Ubuntu commands for various tasks such as file management, system monitoring, and package management. Each command is accompanied by a brief description of its function. The commands cover a wide range of operations, from navigating directories to managing processes and network configurations.

Uploaded by

opfarasat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Essential Ubuntu Commands

pwd - Show current directory


ls - List files and directories
cd <dir> - Change directory
mkdir <dir> - Create a new directory
rmdir <dir> - Remove an empty directory
rm <file> - Delete a file
rm -r <dir> - Delete a directory with files
cp <source> <destination> - Copy files
mv <source> <destination> - Move or rename files
touch <file> - Create an empty file
cat <file> - Display file contents
nano <file> - Open file in Nano editor
vim <file> - Open file in Vim editor
head -n <num> <file> - Show first n lines of a file
tail -n <num> <file> - Show last n lines of a file
whoami - Show current user
id - Show user ID and group ID
chmod <mode> <file> - Change file permissions
chown <user>:<group> <file> - Change file ownership
sudo <command> - Run command as root
su <user> - Switch user
passwd - Change password
ps - List running processes
top - Display real-time process usage
htop - Interactive process viewer (requires installation)
kill <PID> - Kill a process by its PID
killall <process> - Kill all instances of a process
fg - Bring a background process to foreground
bg - Resume a background process
df -h - Show disk usage
du -sh <dir> - Show directory size
free -h - Show RAM usage
uptime - Show system uptime
uname -a - Show system information
cat /proc/cpuinfo - Show CPU details
cat /proc/meminfo - Show memory details
ifconfig - Show network interfaces (deprecated)
ip a - Show IP addresses
ping <host> - Test network connectivity
wget <URL> - Download file from the internet
curl <URL> - Fetch URL content
netstat -tulnp - Show open ports and services
ss -tulnp - Show active connections
sudo apt update - Update package lists
sudo apt upgrade - Upgrade installed packages
sudo apt install <package> - Install a package
sudo apt remove <package> - Remove a package
sudo apt autoremove - Remove unnecessary packages
echo "Hello, World!" - Print output
bash <script.sh> - Run a shell script
chmod +x <script.sh> - Make script executable
./script.sh - Execute script

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