CHA PIER

14 RATIONAL NUMBERS
WARM UP
Recal!
Naturalnumbers (N): The counting numbers 1, 2, 3, .
4, are known as natural
Whole numbers (W): The natural numbers numbers.
numbers. together with 0 (zero) are called whole
Thus, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, ... are whole numbers.
º Integers (z): Natural
numbers, 0and negative natural numbers constitute the
Thus, ...-4, -3,-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... are all integers.
integers.
Fractions: The numbers of the form ,where a is either zero or a
b
b is apositive integer, are called fractions.
positive integer and
Thus, 23 35 7 0
5' 39' 8'1'7 . are all fractions.
Try these
1. Finda whole number asuch that a + a=a.
3 7 1
2. Show
2'4'8 and 1 on the same number line.

3. Simplify 43
-2-3,+5:
4. Find the missing numerator 20
+15 -36

RATIONAL NUMBERS
The numbers of the form where p and q are integers and g 0 are called rational numbers.
3
For example: i. is a rational numbe. Here, p=3 and q=5

ii. 2 is a rational number. Here, p=-2 and g =9

9

Numerator and denominator

In , the integerp is the numerator and the integer g ( 0) is the denominator.
Thus, in the numerator is -2 and the denominator is 9.
Rational numbers include natural numbers, whole numbers, integers and
fractions.
RATIONAL NUMBERS | 213
EXAMPLE 2 Write down the rational number whose numerator is (-3) × 5 and whose
denominator is (23 12) x(2 +5).
Rational number (-3) x 5 -15 -15
(23 - 12) x(2 +5) 1x7 77

ANS. Hence, the required rational number is 177

EXAMPLE3 ldentify the following rational numbers as positive or negative rational umbers
3 2 2 3 5 2 4
7 5 35 7 9 7

Rational number Sign of numerator Sign of denominator Sign of rational number

Positive Positive Positive

Negative Negative Positive

3
Positive Negative Negative

Negative Positive Negative

EXAMPLE 4 Express the following rational numbers with positive denominator.

b. C.
3
d. 17
a. 2x(-1) b
7 7x(-1) If the denominator of a
-5x(-1)S lx(-1) 11 rational umber is negative,
C.
-5x(-1)
3x(-1)
d. 3x(-1)317
-17x(-1)
then its numerator and
denominator are multiplied
(or divided) by -1 to get an
EXAMPLE5 Express as a rational nunber with the equivalent rational number
following numerators. with positive denominator.
a. .-12 b. 15

a. To make the numerator -12, we need b. To make the numerator 15, we need to
to multiply the given numerator -3 by multiply the given numerator -3 by
[(-12) + (-3)], i.e., 4. [15 (3)], iLe., -5.
Jx4e l2 -3x(-5) 15
7x4 28 7x(-5)-35
6Express
EXAMPLE as a rational number with the following denominators.
8
a. 24 b. -32
a. To make the denominator 24, we need to multiply the given denominator 8 by
(24 + 8), i.e., 3.
216 | RATIONAL NUMBERS
 -Sx 3 -15 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
8x 3 24
1. Solve the following.
h To make the denominator-32, we need i. Write rational numbers having the
to multiply the given denominator 8 by following numerators and denominators.
(-32 + 8), i.e., -4. a. 2, -7 b. 3, 7
-2
-5x(-4) 20 ii. Express as a rational number with
8x(-4) -32 numerator
a. 6 b. 2
EXAMPLE7 Epress the following rational ii. Express -5 as a rational number with
nunbers in the standard form.
24
denominator
a. b.
18 40 a. -32 b. 40
28 44 2. Select the correct answer.
d.
C.
63 77 CHECKPOINT!
i. The rational number which is not
6
The given rational number is 18 positive is
a. b. d.
Its denominator is positive and the HCF 7

of 6 and 18 is 6.
ü. If is written as rational number
So, we divide its numerator and with denominator 30, then its
denominator by 6. numerator would be
6 a. -6 b. -18 c. 18 d. 6
18
ii. Which of the following cannot be
written as a rational number with
ANS. Hence, the standard form of is denominator 5?
.24
a. 7 b 15 C. 1
5
10 25 -40

b. The given rational number is 24

40 iv. The standard form of is
-77
Its denominator is positive and HCF of 24 44 -77 d.
a. b C.
and 40 is 8. 44

So, we divide its numerator and v. Which of the following is in the standard
form?
denominator by 8. 6
-24 -24 +8 a b. d.
9
40 40 +8

ANS. Hence, the standard form of 4

C. The given rational number is 28

-6?
Its denominator is negative and to mak it positive, we multiply its numerator and
denominator by -1.
28 28 x(-1) -28
-63 -63 x(-1) 63
The HCF of 28 and 63 is 7.

So, we divide its numerator and denominator by 7.

RATIONAL NUMBERS | 217
 28 28 + 7 4
63 63+7

ANS, Hence, the standard form of 28 is

-63

d. The given rational number is -44

7: lts denominator is negative and to make it
we multiply its numerator and
denominator by I positive,
44 44 x(-1) 44
-77 -77 x(-1) 77
The HCF of 44 and 77 is 11.
So, we divide its numerator and denominator by 11.
44 44 + 11 4
77 77 11

ANS. Hence, the standard form of

EXAMPLE 8 Check whether and 7

are equal.
15 -21
Expressing both in standard form, we get
-5+5
15 +5 and
7
7x(-1)
-21 -21x(-1) 21 -21 +7
Since the standard forms of the given rational
nunmbers are same, they are equal.
EXAMPLE9 Are the following rational numbers equal?
a. b.
3 -15 COOL TIP
-4' 20
Two rational numbers are equal
a. -3 x9 = -27 and 8 x 2 = 16 if the product of the
numerator
of the first rational number and
the denominator of the second
b. 3x 20 = 60 and -4 X -15 =60 rational number is equal to the
-15 product of the denominator of
the first rational number and
4 20 4 20 the numerator of the second
rational number.
EXAMPLE10 Find four rational numbers equivalent to a C
each of the following rational numbers. d if ax d=bx c.
a.
7
b.

a. 7x2 7x3 7x4 7x5 28 35

11 1lx 2 11x3 11x 4 11x 5 44 55

Hence, the four rational numbers equivalent

ANS.
to are 14 21 28 and 55 35

218 | RATIONAL NUMBERS

 b,
$x 4 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
-7 x 2 -7 x3 7x4 7x5
1 Find five rational numbers
10 20 25
21 28 35
equivalet to the following.
b
Hence, thc four rational numbers cquivalent CHECKPOINT! 11

ANS. 2. The pair of equivalent rational

àre 10 15 20 25
to
-14' -21 -28 and -35 numbers is
3 15 b
50 10
7' 35 100 5
EXAMPLE 11 Express As cquivalent d 2 8
C. 3 -15
fractions having the same denominator. 7' 35 3' 15

3. Which of the following is not

The common denominator for the rational numbers equal to ?
3 and 7 is the LCM of 10 and 15. 7
10 50 15
d. b.
The LCM of 10 and 15 is 30. 70

Now 30 + 10 = 3 and 30 + 15 = 2 c.

and 1-7x2_ 14
10 10^3 30 15 15 x2 30

ANS, Hence, the given rational numbers with the common denominator are 9 and14
30 30

EXAMPLE 12 Find xsuch that and are equivalent rational numbers.

7 -35
=
[Given]
7 xx =(-35) x(9) [Applying cross multiplication]
(-35)x (-9) = 45

ANS. Hence, x =45.

EXERCISE 14A

1. What is a rational number? Which ofthe following are rational numbers?

-3
-11

yi. 8-8
vi.
I5 x(-2)
Write the numerator and denominator of cach of the following rational numbers.
5 N iii. -14 iv.
ii.
16 0 -970
Write the rational numbers whose numerator and denominator are respectively
3, 11 -3-8, -35 -18 ir. 22 + 11, 8 + 5 h. 3, (-26) + 2
14 -35 22:11 RATIONAL NUMBERS 219
 i Write down the rational number whose
numerator Is the largest two-digit number and denominator is the smallest
thre-digit numh.
numeratot Is the smallest three-digit number and denominator is the largest four-digit nunh
Express cach of the following integers as a rational number.
i. 0 32 iv, 7

Wnte cach of the following rational numbers as integers.

ii.
-29
iii. iv. 3 7 2
Express the following rational numbers in the form .
i ii. 0 ii. 1.5 iv. 0.3 v. 63

Wite the following numbers in the form , where g is a positive integer.

ii. sl3
ii.
iv. -2
ldentify the following rational numbers as positive or negative rational numbers.
4 13
i iii. iv.
11 17 -29
J. Write each of the following rational numbers with positive denominator.
-13
-19 îv.

11. Express as a rational number with numerator

i 21 ii. - 2 jü 49
168
12. Express -294
as a rational number with denominator
49 wt 14 . -588
A3. Write each of the following rational numbers in standard form.
8 i12 -15
49 36 iv.
-78 -60
98 i93 wi. 299 -315
-84 124 -161 vii.
231
14. Which of the following are pairs of equivalent rational numbers?
3 16 20
-15 5 üi.
20 -25
V -8 13 9 -36 Vi.-7 -28
-14' 21 4' -16 -15' 60
A5. Which of the following rational numbers are equal?
i.
20 33 -56 -10
-28 -21 8 54

220 | RATIONAL NUMBERS

 l6. Give four rational numbers cquivalent to the following.
7 -2
|ti.
3
3
Findan cquivalent form of the rational numbers and having a common denominator.
4 12
Findanequivalent form of the rational numbers 9 and 20 having a common denominator.
8' 14 21
0. Find the value of x, if the pairs of the following rational numbers are equivalent.
Ä. ji. -3
7 28
-49 5' -25 8' -24

28. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).

i. 7 is arational number. i. 0is the smallest rational number.
iii. There is no largest rational number. iv. Every integer is a rational number.
V. Every rational number is a fraction.
F
RATIONAL NUMBERS ON A NUMBER LINE
To represent rational numbers on a number line, we adopt the following procedure:
1. Draw a line that can be extended endlessly in both directions.
2. Mark a point 0 on it to represent zero.
3. Taking a fixed length, called unit length, mark off OA = AB = BC = CD = DE
= EF = 1l unit (and so on) on the right of Oand OA' = AB' = B'C = C'D' D'E'
= E'F' = l unit (and so on) on the left of 0.
G F E D C B A' A D E F G

-7 6 -5 4 -3 -2 -1 .0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Fig. 14.1
These equal line segments OA,AB, BC, etc. formed on the number line are further divided
into equal parts, where the number of these equal parts is the same as the denominator of
the rational number to be represented. For instance, if we want to represent
1 3 5 then each of these equal line segments is divided into two equal parts.
C B A A B D

4 6
2

Fig. 14.2
On the other hand, if we want to represent . .

;.., then each of these equal

line segments is divided into three equal parts as shown:
13 4 5
Number line representing ... 2 2' 2' 2
... etc.

Number line representing 3 33

etc.

D' C B A D

Fig. 14.3

RATIONAL NUMBERS 221

 Similarly, cach and every rational number can be represented by some point on
line. the numk.

SOLVED EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE13Represent and on the nunber line.

1. Draw a line / which can extend indefinitely in both directions as indicated by

the
2. Mark a point 0 on it to
represent zero. arroWs,
3. Taking a fixed length, called unit length, mark off OP = 1 unit on the right ofO and
OP = 1unit on the left ofO.
A A

P 3 P
4

Fig. 14.4
4. Divide OP into four equal parts. Let OA be the segment showing three parts out of fouir
Then, point A represents the rational number 24
$. Again divide OP' into four equal parts. Let OA' be the segment showing three parts out
of 4. Then, point A' represents the rational number
COMPARISON OF TWO GIVEN RATIONAL NUMBERS
I. By representing two given rational numbers on a number line
Step 1: Express each of the two given rational numbers with positive denominator.
Step 2: Find the LCM of the positive denominators of the rational numbers obtained in
step 1.
Step 3: Express each rational number obtained in step 1 with this LCM as the common
denominator.
Step 4: Now represent the rational numbers obtained in step 3 on the number line.
The rational number on the right is greater than the rational number on its left.
EXAMPLE14Compare and

The LCM of the denominators 2 and 5 of the given rational numbers and is 10.
Thus, -1x5 and -3 x 2
.2x5 10 5 5x2 10

-1
10 10

Fig. 14.5

Note that -5 lies to the right of or lies to the right of

10 10

ANS. Thus, is greater than 5

.
222 RATIONAL NUMBERS
 II. By converting two given rational numbers iDdo
equivalent rational numbers COOL TIP
Step 1: Express cach of the two givenrational numbers 1. Every positive rational
with positive denominator. number is greater than 0
Sten 2: Findthe LCM of the positive denominators of 2. Every negative rational
the rational numbers obtained in step 1. number is less than ).

Step 3: Express cach rational number obtaincd in step I 3. Every positive rational
with this LCM as the common denominator. number is qreater than
every negative rational
The rational number having greater numerator
number.
is greater.

EXAMPLE 15 IW hich of the tvo rational numbers is greater in cach of the following pairs?
a.
b. 0 or 5 3
C. or
4 3

a. Since every positive rational number is greater than 0

>0

b. Since every negative rationalnumber is less than 0

<0 or, 0 > 5
9
C. Since every positive rational number is greater than every negative rational number

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
EXAMPLE 16 Compare the following.
5 and Fill in the blank spaces withthe
and b.
-8 12 correct symbol out of >, = or s.
SHLGA
TA
a. The LCM of the denominators 5 and 7 is 35. 1. .7 . 1 2. ....-1

Now,
2-2x7-14 and 3 .. 4. .0
5x7 35 77x5
Clearly, 25 > 14 5.... 3 6.

25 14 7. 3 ...

35 35
>

ANS. Hence, :
5x(-1)
b. Writingwith a positive denominator, we get
-8 -8x(-1)
Now, the two given rational numbers with positive denominators are 8
and

The LCM of the denominators 8 and 12 is 24.

Now,
-5_-5x3
8x3
-15
24
and 12-7--7x2
12 x 2
-14
24

Clearly. -14 >15.

RATIONAL NUMBERS 223
 14
24 24
7
12

ANS. Hence,
EXAMPLE 17 ange the lolloninw rational numbers in
A. ascending order h. descending order.
|9
45

-1S has a negative denominator. So we express it with positive denominator as follou.

8x(-1)
-15 -15 x(-1) IS
Thus, the given rational numbers with positive denominators are and 8
15
The LCM of denominators 10,.5, 45 and 15 is
90.
Now, 3 3x9 27 -7 x 18 -126
10x 9 90 5x 18 90
-19 -19 x 2 -38 -8x 6 -48
45 45 x 2 90 13 x 6 90

Ascending order: ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

Clearly, -126 < 48 <-38
A < 27 4
-126 48 -38 1. Represent and on number
27
90 90 line.
90 90
<-19 3 CHECKPOINT!
2. Compare and on number
3
5 15 45 10 line.
7

8 <19 3. Compare the

< 3 following:
-15 45 10 4 5
i. and 3
b. Descending order:
7 -5 and
4. Arrange the following numbers in
Clearly, 27 >-38>48 > 126 descending order.
V
27 -38 -3
90 90 -48-126
90 90
V 5. List five
3-19 -8 rational numbers between
10 45 15 5 and
V V
3
> 19 8
10 45 -15

ANS. Hence, ascending order is < <45 9<3 and descending

10
order is 3,'-19 8
10 45 -15

224 | RATIONAL NUMBERS

RATIONAL NUMBER BETVWEEN TWO RATIONAL NUMBERS
We can find infinite rational numbers betwccn two given rational numbers.
For examyle: Consider rational numbers 3 and 72
Now, reduce both rational numbers to equivalent rational numbers having denominator equal to
the LCM of Sand 7.
The LCM of 5 and 7 is 35,
3x7 21 and2x5 10
Sx7 35 7 7x5 35
Since 10 <21, we have
10 21l
35 35

Clearly. 1135 1235 1335

20 10
35
lie between 35 and 21 i.e., between 72 and
35
10 100 and 21 210
Also, 35 350 35 350
101 102209 103
between 100
350 350 350** 350 lie 350
There are an infinite
number of rational
210 2 3
and i.e., between and numbers between any two
350
given rational numbers.
10 1000
Similarly, and 21 2100
35 3500 35 3500
1001 1002 1003 2099 lie between 1000 2100
3500 3500 3500 3500
and ie., between and :
3500 3500 7 5

Proceeding further in a similar way, we can find infinite rational numbers between two
given rational numbers.

EXAMPLE 18 List eleven rational numbers between -4 and -3.

-48 and -3 = -36
-4 =
12 12
-36
Since -48 <-36, we have -48
12
<
12
-47 -46-45 -44 43. -42 41 -402 -39 -38 1are
-37
vays 12 : 12 12 12 12 12 12 1212 rational numbers
-48 and 36
between
12 12
i.e., between 4 and -3.

-46 -45 -44 -43

Hence, eleven rational numbers between 4 and -3 are 47 12
ANS. 12. 12 12 12
-42 -41 -40 -39 -38 and -37
12 12 12 12 12 12

EXAMPLE 19 List nine rational numbers between and

The LCM of 5 and 3 is 15.

RATIONAL NUMBERS |225

 2
10× 10 3x3 9 9x10 90
|00 and 5x3 15 15x 10 I50
Clearly. Q0 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 9|
I50 1S0 150 150 150 are rational numbers between
150 150 I50 15)
100 90
and i.c, betwcen and
3 5

Hence, 3349 -97-16 -19 47 -31 -46 91 are

ANS. 75 150 25 30 75 50 75 150
nine rational numbers between 3
and..

IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

Property I: For each rational number x, one and only one of the following is true.
i. >0 ii. x= 0 iii. x <0
Property 2: For any two rational numbers, one and only one of the following is true.
ii. x< y
ii. x=y
Property 3: Ifx,P and : are rational numbers such that x > yand y.> z, then x> z.

EXERCISE 14B

Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).

i. The rational number lies to the right of zero on the number line. i
ii. The rational number 4 lies to the left of zero on the number line.
-9
-5
iii. The rational numbers and are on the same side of zero on the number line.
17
iv. The rational numbers and 3 are on the opposite side of zero on the
8 number line. EF
V.
F
Represent each of the following rational numbers on the number line.
ii. iv..
3

38
vi. vii.
-5
0x.
4
Which of the two rational numbers is greater in each of the following pairs?

jor or (0 iüor Li
7
or
15/ 15
-11

or 74 Or viii. 7
Or
-9 -8 8
Which of the two rational numbers is greater in each of the foHowing
-5
pairs?
or Or -3 7 -8
-11 or iv. or
7
226 | RATIONAL NUMBERS
 4
or
-13 -14 21
Fill in the blanks with , <or in the following.
4 itl. -12
10 -17 68
Arange the following rational numbers in ascending order. |
-1 -115 7 -4 7 -5 w i 5-3 5
3-12' -6' 9 -3' 9 -18' 12 3' 8' 4 6' 12
Arange the following rational numbers in descending order.
"I -7 17 3 3 -I -7 5 -1
4 -10 -20 15' -30' -10 iií.
-4' 39' 6 -12
. Find five rational numbers between -2 and-1.
. Find five rational numbers between 2
and
U0. Find three rational numbers between and
5 3

OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS

ADDITION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
For adding rational numbers, their denominators have to be converted into posiive
denominators,
if they are not positive.
Case I: Addition of rational numbers with same denominators
Method I (using number line):
Let us add two rational numbers with the same positive denominators, say and
5
-
Step 1: Mark 3
on the number line.
5
Step 2: To add - to move to the left of making 7 jumps.

tlco

Fig. 14.62
CoOLTIP
The point reached is So, + If the denominator of one of
Method II: the two given rational numbers
To add two rational numbers with the same positive 7is numerically same but
denominator, first add their numerators and then divide, 1561
12 negative, then convert it into a
the sum by the common denominator. rational number with a positive
If a and C are two rational numbers, then 36 denominator and then add.
36
a
212, 13
The sum should be reduced to standard form wherever possible. 2. G) 13
3 B13
3 4g NUMBERS 227
 EXAMPLE 20 Add a. 5
b.
2 and
7

-6
7 7
7
b, 7x(-1) -79
9x(-1)
Now,
9 [Using (l)
2+(-7)
)

Case ll: Addition of rational numbers with different denominators

Step I: It the denominators of the given rational numbers are not positive, then convert them
into rational numbers with positive
denominators.
Step 2: Find the LCM of the positive obtained in
denominators of the rational numbers step 1.
Step 3: Express each of the rational numbers obtained in step 1 with the LCM (found in the
previous step) as the common denominator.
Step 4: Add the rational numbers as shown in
Example 20.
EXAMPLE 21 Add a. and 3 b. and
7 12
a. The denominators of the given rational numbers are 3 and 7.
The LCM of 3and 7 is 21.
3|3, 7
3
2 = 2x7 and 3x3 9 -
71,7
3x7 7x3 21
=14 + 9 14) +9 LCM =3 x 7 =21
7 21 21 21
b. Writing the rational number
-8 with a positive denominator, we get
5x(-1)
-8 x(-1)
So, the required sum=+
8 12
The LCM of 8 and 12 is 24. 2|8, 12
-5 (-5)× 3 -15 2|4, 6
8 and -10
8x3 24 12 x 2 24 |2, 3

812 LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x3=24

-15 -10
2424
-15+ (-10) -25
"24 24
EXAMPLE 22 Add 9
16 12 and 18 .
The denominators of the
given rational numbers are 16, 12
and 18.
228 | RATIONAL NUMBERS
 The LCM of l6, 12 and I8 is 144
2|16, 12, 8
9 x9
2| 8. 6. 9
16 16 x9 144 3 4, 3, 9
512 60 4, I, 3
12 12 |44
-7 -7 × 8 56 LCM -22 34 3- 144
18 x 8 144

-60 81+(-60) +(-56) 35

6 12 I8 |44 144 144 144 |44
9 -5
Shortcut method:
16 12 I8
(9x 9) +(-5x 12) +(-7x 8) 81+ (-60) +(-56) -35
144 144 144
EXAMPLE 23Express each of the lollowing rational numbers as the sum of an integer
and a rational number:.
47 42
a. b C.

a.
CHECKPOINT!
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

1. Add and using number line.

b
-3}---5 2. Add
2

+9
42 x (-1) -4
C.
-5 x(-1) -#)--3) 3. Express 9
as the sumof integer
and a rational number.

10
EXAMPLE 24 Mrs Renu Jain bought 7 kg of oranges and 49 kg of apples. What is the
total weight of the fruits bought by her?
Totalweight of the fruits = Weight of oranges t weight of apples
40 + 63)
10 kg + 94 kg 28
kg = 103
28
kg = 3 28 kg

ANS. Thus, Mrs Renu Jain bought 3 28 kg of the fruits.

EXERCISE 14C

K Add the following rational numbers.

4 and 7
and and
-13 13
irand -9
7 9 and -13
Y5 and -15 and 15 15 -7 and

Add the following rational numbers.

y andl49 and
5
1
and and
5
18

RATIONAL NUMBERS 229

 and 4 and -2 and
and
36
5 -2
1. Ivaluate the following.
-5
7, -13 i.2+ + 6
-9,2. 13
4 ++|
39 26
vi, 3,
16

Express cach of the following rational numbers as the sum of an integer and a rational number.
16 -80
-36 wi. 19

2
Aaryav walked a distance of km to a park. He played there
5
for awhile and then went to the market before returning home.
If the market is at a distance of Okm from the park and the
5
distance between the market and Aaryav's home is km, then
find the total distance covered by Aaryav.

ADDITIVE INVERSE COOt TIP

If the sum of two rational numbers is zero, then they are said to
be additive inverse of each other. Thesum of a rational
number and its additive
+- --0 inverse is always zero.
Also + - * - -o
2
and are additive inverse of each other.
7

Some more examples of additive inverse are as follows:

and are additive inverse of each other.
7

and 5 are additive inverse of each other.

9 9

Similarly, and d are additive inverse of each other.

SUBTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

If and are two rational numbers, then subtracting d from means adding the additive
inverse (negative) of d to
a

where e is the additive inverse of

d

0 RATIONAL NUMBERS
SOLVED EXAMPLES

PXAMPIE25Find the additive inverse of the following.

d

Additive inverse of is b. Add1tive inversc of

||x-) -11 So the additive inverse of
-|3 -13(-)
-12-)
-17 (-) - So the additive inverse of
d.

3
EXAMPLE 26 Subtract a. from b. from 4 C. from d. from
3 26 3 14

a. =;+ (additive inverse of b T|T13 + (additive inverse of)

26
=
10 +(-9) 5 -8+ 5 -3
15 15 13 26 26 26

«- (additive inverse of ) d. -
14 = (additive inverse of )
+-)+(-10)-13
--- =

14 14

EXAMPLE 27 Subtract the sum of and 14 from the sum of and

28
-9 10+ (-9)
Sum of 7 and 14 -- 14 14

Sum of 27 and 11 = 2+1-12+11 -1

28 28 28 28
Now. (sum of 7
and )-(sum
28 of and
28 28

EXAMPLE 28 The sum of two rational numbers is .If

7 one of the numbers is
then find the other.

Let the required rational number be x.

Then
224+ 35
56 56

ANS. Hence, the required rational number is 56

EXAMPLE29Whatshould be added to to get |1

Let x be the required number to be added.

RATIONAL NUMBERS | 231

 Then,

-81+ 77 -4
99 99

ANS. Hence, the required number is 99

EXAMPLE 30W What should be subtracted from to get ?

3

Let the required number be x.

Then,

-10 + (-5)
6

ANS. Hence, the required number is

-9
EXAMPLE 31 Simplify 1+ 7 19:
9
+1+-o +1+tig
(-5 x3) +(|×114) + (7x 2) + (9 x6)
114
-15 + 114 + 14+ 54 -15 + 182 167
114 114 114

EXAMPLE 32 6
Aditya spent hour to complete his project work, while Tanay took
4 hour to prepare his project. How much more time did Aditya spend in
doing his project work?
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Time taken by Aditya = hour
CHECKPOINT!
1. Find the additive inverse of
Time taken by Tanay = 4
hour 4
i.
5 5
.:. Aditya took (-)1hour more than Tanay 2. Subtract
8
from 4

So, Aditya took =3 hour more than Tanay 3. What should be added to to

get?
3
ANS. Hence, Aditya spent 28 hour more than Tanay. 4. Simplify 12 t4.

232 | RATIONAL NUMBERS

 EXERCISE14D
Find the additive inverse of the following.
i.3 ii.S . 4-4 iv.
-13
17

1) J2 vii.

2 Subtract the follow ing.

i from from

-17 -9
ifrom wi from 14
-1| from from 0 5 from
26 39 13 8
ij from I
Evaluate the following.
4
i-2 itt9 -5 t 14 13
10 8 15 20

4 6
vijjk
2 4
Subtract the sum of 2
and 3
from the sum of and
5. The sum of two rational numbers is If one of the numbers is -5,.then find the other.
The difference between two rational numbers is
If the smaller rational number is
then find the larger rational number.
What number should be added to
7 19
A 5
to get 3 to get 30 jiKto get to get ?
What number should be subtracted
3
j from to get 4 . from 15 to get 5

i , from 52 to get -4 i . from

23
Find a rational number which is more than -11
72 24
A0. Simplify the following.
16
-12 189
H. Sheila walks km to her school and Rosy walks km to the school. Who has to walk a
longer distance to reach the school and by how much?

1
In a basket of fruits, are apples,
4
12, 16, 9 1
5
are oranges and
3
are bananas.

6) 1) The remaining are pears. What part

of the basket of fruits is pears?

RATIONAL NUMBERS | 233

 Distance covered by the car in | hour ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

CHECKPOINT! 81
40 km - km 1. Find the product of and
10
Distance covered by the car in 2 hours
99
km
3. Ihave to buy chocolate pastries for
km 32 km
each of my friends. Each pastry costs
122.
4 How much should I pay if
Hence, the distance covered by we are 15 in nurnber?
ANS,
the car in 2 hours is 132 km.

EXERCISE14E
i. Multiply the following.
3 by
4
36
7 by
28
9 ji.
4
by 5 wiby 115
-12
5 by =l0
vi.
by 6
8 5
yjit by 28

2. Simplify the following.

8 ii 16
36

x32 -205 14 224 -15

27 16 36 yii. 11225 viji. 05 28
Simplify the following.
16

M--)
. Simplify the following.

)-*)

Multiply the sum of 78 and

nof and -526
37by the sum of RI
R4 and26
SMultiply the sum of and 14
by the product of 9

YIf the weight of one dictionary is kg, then find the weight of 75 dictionaries.
RATIONAL NUMBERS | 235
 EXERCISE 14F
Write the recipcal or multiplicative inverse of the follkwing
6

3
92
2 Divide the following
by i.
4 by
. 0 by 8 by 105 30
16 by 121 j 45 by
ASimplify the follow img

Divide the sum of 7; and by the product of and

Divide the sum of 13 and by their difference.
6 The product of two rational numbers is -6. If one of the numbers is -8, then find the other.
The product of two rational numbers is 3 . If one of the numbers is 3 then find the other.
-91
8y By what rational number should be multiplied to get 13?
By what rational number should 28
be divided to oblain ?4
How many pieces, cach of length 15 10 cm, can be cut from a ribbon of length 181 m?
If 22 dresses of equal size can be stitched from 71 2 m of cloth, then what is the length of
cloth required for each dress?
1 Find (r +y) (x - y), if x= and y=
Evaluate (x+ ) x (xv), if x = and y= 24

1. Jaidev takes 2 3 minutes to walk once around a circular park. If he maintains

5
1
the same speed, then how many rounds will he make in 9 10 minutes?
3 4
2. Find the value of ] +(x+ y), if x= and y =
3

1
3. Swarna gave of her pocket money to her brother. Out of the
4
1 1
remaining money she spent 3 for buying a book and 6 for
watching a movie. She donated the rest of the money for charity.
820
What fraction of her pocket money did she donate?

RATIONAL NUMBEKs | 239