SASO 2681

NON-DUCTED AIR CONDITIONERS

AND HEAT PUMPS – TESTING AND RATING
PERFORMANCE
 NON-DUCTED AIR CONDITIONERS
AND HEAT PUMPS – TESTING AND RATING
PERFORMANCE

ICS:

Date of SASO Board of Directors’ Approval :

Date of Publication in the Official Gazette :
Date of Enforcement of this Standard :

٢
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

CONTENTS

Page
Foreword................................................................................................................................ 5
Clause
1. Scope ............................................................................................................................ 6
2. Normative reference..................................................................................................... 7
3. Definitions.................................................................................................................... 7
4. Cooling tests............................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Cooling capacity ratings............................................................................................. 10
4.2 Maximum cooling test ............................................................................................... 12
4.3 Minimum cooling test ................................................................................................ 14
4.4 Enclosure sweat and condensate disposal test ........................................................... 15
4.5 Freeze-up test ............................................................................................................. 16
5. Heating tests............................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Heating capacity ratings............................................................................................. 18
5.2 Maximum heating test................................................................................................ 20
5.3 Minimum heating test ................................................................................................ 21
5.4 Automatic defrost test ................................................................................................ 22
6. Test methods and uncertainties of measurements...................................................... 24
6.1 Test methods .............................................................................................................. 24
6.2 Uncertainties of measurement.................................................................................... 24
6.3 Variations in individual readings ............................................................................... 24
6.4 Test tolerances............................................................................................................ 25
7. Test results ................................................................................................................. 26
7.1 Capacity calculations ................................................................................................. 26
7.2 Data to be recorded .................................................................................................... 27
7.3 Test report .................................................................................................................. 27
8. Marking provisions .................................................................................................... 30
8.1 Nameplate requirements ............................................................................................ 30
8.2 Nameplate information .............................................................................................. 30
8.3 Refrigerant designation .............................................................................................. 30
8.4 Split systems .............................................................................................................. 31

١
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

9. Publication of ratings ................................................................................................. 31

9.1 Standard ratings.......................................................................................................... 31
9.2 Other ratings............................................................................................................... 31

Annexes
A Test procedures .......................................................................................................... 32
A.1 General test room requirements ................................................................................. 32
A.2 Equipment installation ............................................................................................... 32
A.3 Electrical supply requirements................................................................................... 33
A.4 Heating capacity test in the defrost region................................................................. 33
B Calorimeter test method ............................................................................................. 34
B.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 34
B.2 Transient heating capacity test................................................................................... 39
B.3 Calibrated room-type calorimeter .............................................................................. 39
B.4 Balanced ambient room-type calorimeter .................................................................. 40
B.5 Calorimeter and auxiliary equipment for water-cooled condenser tests.................... 41
C Heating and cooling capacity calculations................................................................. 42
C.1 Cooling capacity calculations (Calorimeter method) ................................................ 42
C.2 Heating capacity calculations (Calorimeter method)................................................. 44
C.3 Heating capacity calculations (Air-enthalpy method) ............................................... 45
C.4 Cooling capacity calculations (Air-enthalpy method) ............................................... 47
D Instruments................................................................................................................. 49
D.1 Temperature-measuring instruments.......................................................................... 49
D.2 Pressure-measuring instruments ................................................................................ 49
D.3 Electrical instruments................................................................................................. 50
D.4 Water-flow-measuring instruments............................................................................ 50
D.5 Other instruments....................................................................................................... 51
E Air-flow measurement ............................................................................................... 42
E.1 Air-flow determination .............................................................................................. 52
E.2 Nozzles....................................................................................................................... 52
E.3 Apparatus for room discharge air-flow measurements .............................................. 53
E.4 Indoor-side discharge air-flow measurement............................................................. 54
E.5 Ventilation, exhaust and leakage air-flow measurements.......................................... 55
E.6 Test apparatus calibration (Air-enthalpy method) ..................................................... 56

٢
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

F Outdoor air-enthalpy test method .............................................................................. 57

F.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 57
F.2 Test room requirements ............................................................................................. 57
F.3 Test conditions ........................................................................................................... 58
F.4 Calculations................................................................................................................ 58
G List of symbols........................................................................................................... 60

٣
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

FOREWORD

The Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) has adopted the international standard
(ISO 5151:1994) “Non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps – Testing and rating for
performance” issued by the International Organization for Standardization. It has been
prepared to be approved as a Saudi standard after introducing few additions (see clauses
4.2.5.5, 4.2.5.6, 5.2.5.4, 5.2.5.5 and 5.2.5.6) to suit local requirements.

٤
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

NON-DUCTED AIR CONDITIONERS AND HEAT PUMPS –

TESTING AND RATING PERFORMANCE

1- SCOPE
1.1 This SASO Standard specifies the standard conditions on which the ratings of
single-package and split-system non-ducted air conditioners employing air-
and water-cooled condensers and heat pumps employing air-cooled condensers
are based, and the test methods to be applied for determination of the various
ratings. This SASO Standard is limited to systems utilizing a single
refrigeration circuit and having one evaporator and one condenser.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this SASO Standard, the term "equipment" will be used to mean
"non-ducted air conditioners and/or non-ducted heat pumps".
1.2 This SASO Standard also specifies the test conditions and the corresponding
test procedures for determining various performance characteristics of these
non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps.
1.3 It does not apply to the testing and rating of:
a) water-source heat pumps;
b) multiple split-system1 air conditioners and heat pumps;
c) units designed for use with additional ducting; or
d) mobile (windowless) units having a condenser exhaust duct.
1.4 Clause 4 of this SASO Standard covers the rating and testing conditions for
non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps when used for cooling.
1.5 Clause 5 of this SASO Standard covers the rating and testing conditions for
non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps when used for heating. The means
for heating may be the heat pump refrigeration cycle or electrical resistance.
1.6 Annex A establishes testing procedures. Annex B describes the test facilities
for the calorimeter method. Annex C provides formulae for the calculation of
heating and cooling capacities. Annex D describes instruments which can be
used in making measurements, and annex E describes methods for measuring
air-flow. Annex F describes the outdoor air-enthalpy test method. Annex G
gives a list of symbols used in the annexes.

_________________
1
A unit having two or more indoor units connected to a single outdoor unit.

٥
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

2- NORMATIVE REFERENCE
The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this
text, constitute provisions of this SASO Standard. At the time of publication,
the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this SASO Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard
indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
SASO Standards.
ISO 817:—1 , Refrigerants — Number designation.

3- DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this SASO Standard, the following definitions apply.
Annex G lists the symbols used to identify the terms contained in this SASO
Standard.
3.1 non-ducted air conditioner: An encased assembly or assemblies designed as
a unit, primarily for mounting in a window, or through a wail, or as a console.
It is designed primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned air to an
enclosed space, room or zone (conditioned space). It includes a prime source of
refrigeration for cooling and dehumidification and may also include means for
heating other than a heat pump, and means for the circulation and the cleaning
of air. It may also include means for heating, humidifying, ventilating or
exhausting air. Where such equipment is provided in more than one assembly,
the separated assemblies (split-systems) are to be designed to be used together,
and the requirements of rating outlined in this SASO Standard are based on the
use of matched assemblies.
3.2 non-ducted heat pump: An encased assembly or assemblies designed as a
unit, primarily for mounting in a window, or through a wall, or as a console. It
is designed primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed
space, room or zone (conditioned space). It includes a prime source of
refrigeration for heating which takes heat from a heat source. It may be
constructed to remove heat from the conditioned space and discharge it to a
heat sink if cooling and dehumidification are desired from the same equipment.
It may also include means for the circulation and the cleaning of air,
humidifying, ventilating or exhausting air.
3.3 standard air: Dry air at 20,0 °C, and at a standard barometric pressure of
101,325kPa, having a mass density of 1,204 kg/m3.
NOTE 2 The definitions given in 3.4 to 3.13 relating to air-flow are illustrated in figure 1.

_________________
1
To be published. (Revision of ISO 817:1974)

٦
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Figure 1 - Air-flow diagram illustrating definitions given in 3.4 to 3.13

3.4 indoor discharge air-flow: Rate of flow of air from the indoor-side outlet of
the equipment into the conditioned space.
3.5 indoor intake air-flow: Rate of flow of air into the equipment from the
conditioned space.
3.6 ventilation air-flow: Rate of flow of air introduced to the conditioned space
through the equipment from the outside.
3.7 outdoor discharge air-flow: Discharge rate of flow of air from the outdoor
side of the equipment to the outdoors.
3.8 outdoor intake air-flow: Rate of flow of air into the equipment from the
outdoor side.
3.9 exhaust air-flow: Rate of flow of air from the indoor side through the
equipment to the outdoor side.

٧
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

3.10 leakage air-flow: Rate of flow of air interchanged between the indoor side and
outdoor side through the equipment as a result of its construction features and
sealing techniques.
3.11 bypassed indoor air-flow: Flow of conditioned air directly from the indoor-
side outlet to the indoor-side inlet of the equipment.
3.12 bypassed outdoor air-flow: Flow of air directly from the outdoor-side outlet
to the outdoor-side inlet of the equipment.
3.13 equalizer opening air-flow: Rate of flow of air through the equalizer opening
in the partition wall of a calorimeter.
3.14 total cooling capacity: Amount of sensible and latent heat that the equipment
can remove from the conditioned space in a defined interval of time.
3.15 heating capacity: Amount of heat that the equipment can add to the
conditioned space in a defined interval of time.
3.16 latent cooling capacity; room dehumidifying capacity: Amount of latent
heat that the equipment can remove from the conditioned space in a defined
interval of time.
3.17 sensible cooling capacity: Amount of sensible heat that the equipment can
remove from the conditioned space in a defined interval of time.
3.18 sensible heat ratio: Ratio of the sensible cooling capacity to the total cooling
capacity.
3.19 rated voltage(s): Voltage(s) shown on the nameplate of the equipment.
3.20 rated frequency(ies): Frequency(ies) shown on the nameplate of the
equipment.
3.21 energy efficiency ratio (EER): Ratio of the total cooling capacity to the
effective power input at any given set of rating conditions. (Where the EER is
stated without an indication of units, it shall be understood that it is derived
from watts/watt.)
3.22 coefficient of performance (COP): Ratio of the heating capacity to the
effective power input of the device at any given set of rating conditions.
3.23 effective power input ( PE ): Average electrical power input to the equipment
within a defined interval of time, obtained from:
- the power input for operation of the compressor and any power input for
defrosting, excluding additional electrical heating devices not used for
defrosting;
- the power input of all control and safety devices of the equipment; and
- the power input of the conveying devices within the equipment for heat
transport media (e.g. fan, pump).
3.24 total power input ( Pt ): Power input to all components of the equipment as
delivered.

٨
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

4- COOLING TESTS
4.1 Cooling capacity ratings
4.1.1 General conditions
All equipment within the scope of this SASO Standard shall have the cooling
capacities and energy efficiency ratios determined in accordance with the
provisions of this SASO Standard and rated at the cooling conditions specified
in table 1.
4.1.2 Temperature conditions
4.1.2.1 Test conditions stated in table 1, columns T1, T2 and T3, shall be
considered standard rating conditions.
4.1.2.2 Equipment manufactured for use in a moderate climate similar to that specified
in table 1, column T1 only, shall have a nameplate rating determined by tests
conducted at these specified conditions and shall be designated type T1 units.
4.1.2.3 Equipment manufactured for use in a cool climate similar to that specified in
table 1, column T2 only, shall have a nameplate rating determined by tests
conducted at these specified conditions and shall be designated type T2 units.
4.1.2.4 Equipment manufactured for use in a hot climate similar to that specified in
table 1, column T3 only, shall have a nameplate rating determined by tests
conducted at these specified conditions and shall be designated type T3 units.
4.1.2.5 Equipment manufactured for use in more than one of the types of climate
defined in table 1, columns T1, T2 and T3, shall have marked on the nameplate
the designated type and rating determined by tests for each of the specified
conditions for which they have been designated and tested.
4.1.3 Air-flow conditions
When determining air-flow quantities for rating purposes, tests shall be
conducted at standard rating conditions (see table 1) with 0 Pa static
maintained at the air discharge of the equipment and with the refrigeration
means in operation and after condensate equilibrium has been obtained. All air
quantities shall be expressed as metre cubed per second (m3/s) of standard air
as defined in 3.3.

٩
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 1 — Test conditions for the determination of cooling capacity

Parameter Standard test conditions
T1 T2 T3
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 27 21 29
wet-bulb 19 15 19
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 35 27 46
wet-bulb 1) 24 19 24
Condenser water temperature 2) (°C)
inlet 30 22 30
outlet 35 27 35
Test frequency Rated frequency 3)
Test voltage Rated voltage 4)
T1 = Standard cooling capacity rating conditions for moderate climates
T2 = Standard cooling capacity rating conditions for cool climates
T3 = Standard cooling capacity rating conditions for hot climates
1) The wet-bulb temperature condition is not required when testing air-cooled condensers
which do not evaporate the condensate.
2) Representative of equipment working with cooling towers. For equipment designed for
other uses, the manufacturer shall designate the condenser water inlet and outlet tem-
peratures or the water flow rates and the inlet water temperature in the ratings.
3) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.
4) The test voltage on dual-rated voltage equipment shall be performed at both voltages or
at the lower of the two voltages if only a single rating is published.

4.1.4 Test conditions

4.1.4.1 Preconditions
a) When using the calorimeter method, two simultaneous methods of
determining capacities shall be used. One method determines the
capacity on the indoor side, the other measures the capacity on the
outdoor side. These two simultaneous determinations shall agree within 4
% of the value obtained on the indoor side for the test to be valid. In the
case of non-ducted air conditioners with water-cooled condensers, the
heat-flow rejected via the cooling water is measured instead of the
measurement in the outdoor-side compartment.

١٠
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

b) The test capacity shall include the determination of the sensible, latent or
total cooling capacity as determined in the indoor-side compartment.
c) Tests shall be conducted under the selected conditions with no changes
made in fan speed or system resistance to correct for variations from the
standard barometric pressure (see 3.3).
d) Grille positions, damper positions, fan speeds, etc. shall be set to result in
maximum cooling capacity unless this is contrary to the manufacturer's
instructions. When tests are made at other settings, these shall be noted
together with the cooling capacity ratings.
e) Test conditions shall be maintained for not less than 1 h before recording
data for the capacity test.
4.1.4.2 Duration of test
The test shall then be run for 30 min, recording data every 5 min, providing
seven sets of readings. Variations allowed in capacity test readings shall be in
accordance with table 12.
4.2 Maximum cooling test
4.2.1 General conditions
The conditions which shall be used during the maximum cooling test are given
in table 2.
4.2.2 Temperature conditions
Tests shall be carried out under the conditions given in column T1, T2 or T3 of
table 2, based on the intended use, as determined in 4.1.2. Equipment intended
for use under more than one set of operating conditions shall have the highest
relevant set of the intended operating conditions applied for test purposes. If
maximum operating temperature conditions for cooling are specified in the
manufacturer's equipment specification sheets, they shall be used in lieu of
those in table 2.
4.2.3 Air-flow conditions
The maximum cooling test shall be conducted with an indoor-side air volume
flow rate as determined under 4.1.3.
4.2.4 Test conditions
4.2.4.1 Preconditions
The controls of the equipment shall be set for maximum cooling and all
ventilating air dampers and exhaust air dampers shall be closed. The equipment
shall be operated continuously for 1 h after the specified air temperatures and
the equilibrium condensate level have been established.
4.2.4.2 Duration of test
All power to the equipment shall be cut off for 3 min and then restored for 1 h.

١١
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

4.2.5 Performance requirements

4.2.5.1 During one entire test, the equipment shall operate without any indication of
damage.
4.2.5.2 The motors of the equipment shall operate continuously for the first hour of the
test without tripping of the motor-overload protective devices.
4.2.5.3 The motor-overload protective device may trip only during the first 5 min of
operation after the shutdown period of 3 min. During the remainder of that 1-h
test period, no motor-overload protective device shall trip.
4.2.5.4 For those models so designed that resumption of operation does not occur after
the initial trip within the first 5 min, the equipment may remain out of
operation for not longer than 30 min. It shall then operate continuously for 1 h.
Table 2 — Maximum cooling test conditions
Parameter Standard test conditions
T1 T2 T3
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 32 27 32
wet-bulb 23 19 23
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 43 35 52
wet-bulb 1) 26 24 31
Condenser water temperature (°C)
inlet 34 27 34
Test frequency Rated frequency 3)
Test voltage 1) 90 % and 110 % of
rated voltage with a single
nameplate rating

2) 90 % of minimum
voltage and 110 % of
maximum voltage for
units with a dual
nameplate voltage
1) The wet-bulb temperature condition is not required when testing air-cooled condensers
which do not evaporate the condensate.
2) For equipment with water-cooled condensers, the water flow rate shall be the same as
that used in cooling capacity test (minimum flow rate for equipment with multiple
cooling capacity rating). For equipment incorporating a condenser water control valve,
it shall be allowed to operate normally.
3) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.

١٢
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

4.2.5.5 The equipment measured total cooling capacity shall not be less than 95% of
the declared nameplate value.
4.2.5.6 The equipment measured EER shall not be less than 95% of the declared rated
value.
4.3 Minimum cooling test
4.3.1 General conditions
The conditions which shall be used during the minimum cooling test are given
in table 3.
4.3.2 Temperature conditions
If minimum operating temperature conditions are specified in the
manufacturer's equipment specification sheets, they shall be used in lieu of
those given in table 3.
4.3.3 Air-flow conditions
The controls, fan speeds, dampers and grilles of the equipment shall be set to
produce the maximum tendency to frost or ice the evaporator, providing such
settings are not contrary to the manufacturer's operating instructions.
4.3.4 Test conditions
4.3.4.1 Preconditions
The equipment shall be started and operated until the operating conditions have
stabilized.
4.3.4.2 Duration of test
After the operating conditions have stabilized, the equipment shall be operated
for a period of 4 h.
4.3.5 Performance requirements
4.3.5.1 After the end of the starting period of l0 min, no safety element shall cut off
during the 4 h of operation.
4.3.5.2 At the end of 4 h, any accumulation of ice or frost on the evaporator shall not
cover more than 50 % of the indoor-side face area of the evaporator coil.

١٣
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 3 — Minimum cooling test conditions

Parameter Standard test conditions
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 21 1)
wet-bulb 15
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (°C) Lowest limit recommended
by manufacturer
Water temperature (°C)
inlet 10
Water flow rate As specified by the
manufacturer
Test frequency Rated frequency 2)
Test voltage Rated voltage 3)
1) 21 °C or the lowest temperature above 21 °C at which the regulating (control) device
will allow the equipment to operate.
2) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.
3) Equipment with dual-rated voltages shall be tested at the higher voltage.

4.4 Enclosure sweat and condensate disposal test

4.4.1 General conditions
Air-cooled equipment which rejects condensate to the condenser air shall meet
the requirements of this test. The electrical conditions which shall be used
during the enclosure sweat and condensate disposal test are given in table 4.
4.4.2 Temperature conditions
The temperature conditions which shall be used during this test are given in
table 4.
4.4.3 Air-flow conditions
The controls, fans, dampers and grilles of the equipment shall be set to produce
the maximum tendency to sweat, provided such settings are not contrary to the
manufacturer's operating instructions.
4.4.4 Test conditions
4.4.4.1 Preconditions
After establishment of the specified temperature conditions, the equipment
shall be started with its condensate collection pan filled to the overflowing
point, and the equipment shall be run until the condensate flow has become
uniform.

١٤
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

4.4.4.2 Duration of test

The equipment shall be operated for a period of 4 h.
4.4.5 Performance requirements
4.4.5.1 When operating under the test conditions specified in table 4, no condensed
water shall drip, run or blow from the equipment.
4.4.5.2 Equipment which rejects condensate to the condenser air shall dispose all
condensate and there shall be no dripping or blowing-off of water from the
equipment such that the building or surroundings become wet.
4.5 Freeze-up test
4.5.1 General conditions
The freeze-up tests (air blockage test and drip test) may be conducted
simultaneously with the minimum cooling test. The electrical conditions shall
be those specified in table 5.
4.5.2 Temperature conditions
The temperature conditions for the freeze-up tests are given in table 5.

Table 4 — Enclosure sweat and condensate disposal test conditions

Parameter Standard test conditions
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 27
wet-bulb 24
Temperature of air entering outdoor side Lowest limit recommended
by manufacturer
Water temperature (°C)
dry-bulb 27
wet-bulb 24
Condenser water temperature (oC) outlet 27
Test frequency Rated frequency 2)
Test voltage Rated voltage 3)
1) The wet-bulb temperature condition is not required when testing air-cooled condensers
which do not evaporate the condensate.
2) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.
3) Equipment with dual-rated voltages shall be tested at the higher voltage.

١٥
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 5 — Freeze-up test conditions

Parameter Standard test conditions
T1 and T3 T2
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 21 1) 21 1)
wet-bulb 15 15
Temperature of air entering outdoor side
dry-bulb 21 10
wet-bulb -- --
Condenser water temperature (°C)
Outlet 2) 21 10
Condenser water temperature (oC) outlet
Water flow rate As specified by the
manufacturer
Test frequency Rated frequency 2)
Test voltage Rated voltage 3)
1) 21 °C or the lowest temperature above 21 °C at which the regulating (control) device
will allow the equipment to operate.
2) For equipment with water-cooled condensers, the condenser water flow rate shall be
maintained at that established in table 1 except that, if more than one rating is provided,
then the highest flow rate shall be used.
3) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.
4) Equipment with dual-rated voltages shall be tested at the higher voltage.

4.5.3 Air-flow conditions

4.5.3.1 Air blockage test
The controls of the equipment shall be set for maximum cooling and the fan
speeds, dampers and grilles shall be set to produce the maximum tendency to
frost or ice the evaporator, provided such settings are not contrary to the
manufacturer's operating instructions.
4.5.3.2 Drip test
The air inlet shall be covered to block completely the passage of air, so as to
attempt to achieve complete blockage of the evaporator coil by frost.
4.5.4 Test conditions

١٦
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

4.5.4.1 Air blockage test

The test shall be continuous, with the equipment operating on the cooling cycle
for 4 h after establishment of the specified temperature conditions.
4.5.4.2 Drip test
The equipment shall be operated for 6 h after which the equipment shall be
stopped and the air-inlet covering removed until the accumulation of ice or
frost has melted. The equipment shall then be turned on again, with the fans
operating at the highest speed, for 5 min.
4.5.5 Performance requirements
4.5.5.1 Air blockage test
At the end of 4 h of operation, any accumulation of ice or frost on the
evaporator shall not cover more than 50 % of the indoor-side face area of the
evaporator coil.
4.5.5.2 Drip test
During the test, no ice shall drip from the coil and no water shall drip or blow
off the equipment on the indoor side.

5- HEATING TESTS
5.1 Heating capacity ratings
5.1.1 General conditions
All equipment within the scope of this SASO Standard shall have the heating
capacities and coefficients of performance determined in accordance with the
provisions of this SASO Standard and rated at the conditions specified in table
6. The electrical input values used for rating purposes shall be measured during
the heating capacity test.
5.1.2 Temperature conditions
5.1.2.1 Test conditions stated in table 6 shall be considered standard rating conditions.
5.1.2.2 If a manufacturer specifies that the equipment is not suitable for operation
under the extra-low temperature test conditions, tests shall be made only at the
high and low temperatures specified in table 6.
5.1.3 Air-flow conditions
5.1.3.1 Heating-only equipment shall use the air-flow quantity specified by the
manufacturer.
5.1.3.2 For equipment which provides both heating and cooling, the test shall be
conducted at the same air-flow rate as for the cooling capacity rating test.
5.1.3.3 When determining air-flow quantities for rating purposes, tests shall be
conducted under standard rating conditions (see table 6) with the heating
means in operation with 0 Pa static maintained in the air discharge of the
equipment.

١٧
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

5.1.4 Test conditions

5.1.4.1 Preconditions
5.1.4.1.1 When using the calorimeter method, two simultaneous methods of determining
capacities shall be used. One method determines the capacity on the indoor
side, the other measures the capacity on the outdoor side. These two
simultaneous determinations shall agree within 4 % of the value obtained on
the indoor side for the test to be valid.

Table 6 — Test conditions for determination of heating capacity

Parameter Standard test
conditions
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 20
wet-bulb (maximum) 15
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (high1))(°C)
dry-bulb 7
wet-bulb 6
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (low1)) (°C)
dry-bulb 2
wet-bulb 1
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (extra-low1)2)) (°C)
dry-bulb -7
wet-bulb -8
Test frequency Rated
frequency3)
Test voltage Rated voltage4)
1) If defrosting occurs during the high, low, or extra-tow heating capacity tests, testing under
these conditions shall be accomplished using the indoor air-enthalpy method (see B.2 and
C.3.3).
2) Test is to be conducted only if the manufacturer specifies that the equipment is suitable for
operation under these conditions.
3) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.
4) The test voltage on dual-rated voltage equipment shall be performed at both voltages or at
the lower of the two voltages if only a single rating is published.

5.1.4.1.2 Tests shall be conducted at the selected conditions with no changes in fan
speed or system resistance made to correct for variations from the standard
barometric pressure (see 3.3).
5.1.4.1.3 The test room reconditioning apparatus and the equipment under test shall be
operated until equilibrium conditions are attained, but for not less than 1 h,
before test data are recorded.

١٨
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

5.1.4.2 Duration
Data shall then be recorded for 30 min at 5-min intervals until seven
consecutive sets of readings within the tolerances specified in table 12 have
been attained.
5.1.4.3 Frosting conditions
5.1.4.3.1 Under some conditions of heating, a small amount of frost may accumulate on
the outdoor coil and a distinction needs to be made between non-frosting and
frosting operations for the test as a whole. For the purposes of this SASO Stan-
dard, the test is to be considered non-frosting provided the effect is such that
the indoor and outdoor leaving air temperatures remain within the operating
tolerances for non-frosting operation specified in table 12. When the leaving
air temperature exceeds the permitted range because of frost, the procedure for
the heating capacity test in the defrost region described in A.4 of annex A shall
be used.
5.1.4.3.2 If, under test conditions, defrost action is experienced within a 3-h period, or
the test tolerances of table 12 are exceeded, then the procedure for transient
heating capacity tests (see B.2) shall be used.
5.2 Maximum heating test
5.2.1 General conditions
The electrical conditions given in table 7 shall be used during the maximum
heating test. The determination of maximum heating is not required under
performance test conditions. The test voltages shall be maintained at the
specified percentages under running conditions.
5.2.2 Temperature conditions
The temperature conditions given in table 7 shall be used during these tests
unless the manufacturer specifies other conditions in the manufacturer's
equipment specification sheets.
5.2.3 Air-flow conditions
The controls of the equipment shall be set for maximum heating and all
ventilating air dampers and exhaust air dampers shall be closed.
5.2.4 Test conditions
5.2.4.1 Preconditions
The equipment shall be operated continuously for 1 h after the specified air
temperatures and the equilibrium condensate level have been established.
5.2.4.2 Duration
All power to the equipment shall then be cut off for 3 min and then restored for
1 h.

١٩
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

5.2.5 Performance requirements

5.2.5.1 Heat pumps shall meet the following requirements when operating under the
conditions specified in table 7:
— during one entire test, the heat pump shall operate without indication of
damage;
— the heat pump motors shall operate continuously for the first hour of the
test without tripping of the motor-overload protective devices.
5.2.5.2 The motor-overload protective device may trip only during the first 5 min
following the 3-min cutoff of power, During the remainder of that 1-h test
period, no motor-overload protective device shall trip.
5.2.5.3 For equipment that is so designed that resumption of operation does not occur
after the initial trip within the first 5 min, the equipment may remain out of
operation for not longer than 30 mm. It shall then operate continuously for 1 h.
5.2.5.4 The equipment measured total heating capacity shall not be less than 95% of
the declared nameplate value.
5.2.5.5 The equipment measured COP shall not be less than 95% of the declared rated
value.
5.2.5.6 At the standard conditions given in Table 7, the COP shall not be less than 3.0.
5.3 Minimum heating test
5.3.1 General conditions
The electrical conditions given in table 8 shall be used for this test. The
voltages shall be maintained at the specified percentages under running
conditions.
5.3.2 Temperature conditions
The temperature conditions for this test shall be as given in table 8, unless the
manufacturer specifies other conditions in the manufacturer's equipment
specification sheets.
5.3.3 Air-flow conditions
The controls of the equipment shall be set for maximum heating, and all
ventilating air dampers and exhaust air dampers shall be closed.

٢٠
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 7 — Maximum heating test conditions

Parameter Standard test conditions
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 27
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 24
wet-bulb 18
Test frequency Rated frequency1)
Test voltage a) 90 % and 110 % of
rated voltage for
equipment with a single
nameplate rating
b) 90 % of minimum
voltage and 110 % of
maximum voltage for
equipment with a dual
nameplate voltage
1) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.

5.3.4 Test conditions

5.3.4.1 Preconditions
The equipment shall be operated for 1 h under the temperature conditions and
voltage specified in table 8.
5.3.4.2 Duration
After the equipment has reached stable operating conditions, these conditions
shall be maintained for 4 h.
5.3.5 Performance requirements
The heat pump shall operate throughout the test without a cutoff by any safety
control.
5.4 Automatic defrost test
5.4.1 General conditions
The electrical conditions given in table 9 shall be used during the automatic
defrost test for heat pumps.
5.4.2 Temperature conditions
The temperature conditions given in table 9 shall be used during the automatic
defrost test for heat pumps.

٢١
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

5.4.3 Air-flow conditions

Unless prohibited by the manufacturer, the indoor-side fan is to be adjusted to
the highest speed and the unit outdoor-side fan to the lowest speed, if separ-
ately adjustable.
5.4.4 Test conditions
5.4.4.1 Preconditions
The equipment shall be operated until the temperatures specified in table 9
have been stabilized.
5.4.4.2 Duration
The heat pump shall remain in operation for two complete defrosting periods
or for 3 h, whichever is the longer.
5.4.5 Performance requirements
During and directly after the defrosting periods, the air temperature to the
outdoor side shall not rise by more than 5 °C. During the defrosting period, the
temperature of the air from the indoor side of the equipment shall not be lower
than 18 °C for longer than 1 min. This may be accomplished, if necessary, by
using additional heating, provided and mounted in the equipment, or specified
for use by the manufacturer.
Table 8 — Minimum heating test conditions

Parameter Standard test conditions

Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 20
Temperature of air entering outdoor side1) (°C)
dry-bulb -5
wet-bulb -6
Test frequency2) Rated frequency
Test voltage3) Rated voltage
1) If the equipment can be operated under the "extra-low" temperature condition, - 7 °C dry-bulb and
- 8 °C wet-bulb temperatures shall be used.
2) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency. 3) Equipment with dual-
rated voltages shall be tested at the higher voltage.

٢٢
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 9 — Automatic defrost test conditions

Parameter Standard test conditions
Temperature of air entering indoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 20
wet-bulb (maximum) 12
Temperature of air entering outdoor side (°C)
dry-bulb 2
wet-bulb 1
Test frequency Rated frequency1)
Test voltage Rated voltage2)
1) 1) Equipment with dual-rated frequencies shall be tested at each frequency.
2) The test voltage on dual-rated voltage equipment shall be performed at both voltages or at the
higher of the two voltages if only a single rating is published.

6- TEST METHODS AND UNCERTAINTIES OF MEASUREMENTS

6.1 Test methods
6.1.1 Capacity and performance tests of non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps
are conducted using either the room calorimeter method or the indoor air-
enthalpy method. Both methods are permitted subject to the provision that the
results are within the limits of the uncertainties of measurement established in
6.2.
6.1.2 The room calorimeter can be of either the calibrated type or the balanced
ambient type, as described in annex B.
6.1.3 In the air-enthalpy method, heating or cooling capacities are determined from
measurements of entering and leaving wet- and dry-bulb temperatures and the
associated air-flow rate. This method can be employed for the indoor-side tests
of all equipment. Subject to the additional requirements of annex F, this
method may be used for the outdoor-side tests. This method can be applied to
water-cooled condensing equipment for which a second determination of the
cooling capacity from measurements on the water-side is possible.
6.2 Uncertainties of measurement
The uncertainties of measurement shall not exceed the values specified in table
10.
6.3 Variations in individual readings
The maximum allowable variations of individual readings from stated
conditions in the performance tests shall be as shown in table 11. The
maximum permissible variation of any observation during the capacity test
shall be as shown in table 12.

٢٣
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

6.4 Test tolerances

6.4.1 The maximum permissible variation of any observation represents the greatest
permissible difference between maximum and minimum instrument
observations during the test. When expressed as a percentage, the maximum
allowable variation is the specified percentage of the arithmetical mean of the
observations.
6.4.2 The maximum permissible variations of the mean of the test observations from
the standard or desired test conditions are shown in table 12.
Table 10 — Uncertainties of measurement of indicated values
Measured quantity Uncertainty of measurement1)
Water
temperature ± 0.1 °C
temperature difference ± 0.1 °C
volume flow ± 5%
static pressure difference ± 5 Pa
Air
dry-bulb temperature ± 0.2 °C
wet-bulb temperature ± 0.2 °C
volume flow ± 5%
static pressure difference ± 5 Pa for pressure <= 100 Pa
± 5 % for pressure > 100 Pa
Electrical inputs ± 0.5 %
Time ± 0.2 %
Mass ± 1.0 %
Speed ± 1.0%
1) Uncertainty of measurement is an estimate characterizing the range of values within which
the true value of a measurand lies (measurand is a quantity subject to measurement).
NOTE — Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of
these components may be estimated on the basis of the statistical distribution of the results of
series of measurements and can be characterized by experimental standard deviations.
Estimates of other components can be based on experience or other information.

٢٤
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 11 — Variations allowed in performance test readings

Quantity measured Maximum allowable variations in
individual readings from stated
performance test conditions
For minimum operating conditions test
air temperatures +1 °C
water temperatures + 0.6 °C
For maximum operating conditions test
air temperatures -1 °C
water temperatures - 0.6 °C
For other tests
air temperatures ± 1 °C
water temperatures ± 0.6 °C

Table 12 — Variations allowed in capacity test readings

Readings Variations of Maximum variation
arithmetical mean of individual reading
values from specified from rating
test conditions conditions
Temperature of air entering indoor
side
dry-bulb ± 0.3 °C ± 1,0 °C
wet-bulb ± 0.2 °C ± 0.5 °C
Temperature of air entering
outdoor side
dry-bulb ± 0.3 °C ± 1.0 °C
wet-bulb ± 0.2 °C ± 0.5 °C
Temperature of air leaving outdoor
side
dry-bulb ± 1.0 °C
Air volume flow rate ±5% ± 10%
Voltage ±1% ± 2%
Water temperature
inlet ± 0,1 °C ± 0.2 °C
outlet ± 0,1 °C ± 0,2 °C
Water volume flow rate ±1% ±2%
External resistance to air-flow ±5 Pa ± 10 Pa

7- TEST RESULTS
7.1 Capacity calculations
7.1.1 General
The results of a capacity test shall express quantitatively the effects produced
upon air by the equipment tested. For given test conditions, the capacity test

٢٥
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

results shall include such of the following quantities as are applicable to

cooling or heating and to the type of equipment tested:
a) total cooling capacity, in watts;
b) sensible cooling capacity, in watts;
c) latent cooling capacity, in watts;
d) heating capacity, in watts;
e) indoor-side air-flow rate, in cubic metres per second of standard air;
f) external resistance to indoor air-flow, in pascals;
g) effective power input to the equipment or individual power inputs to each
of the electrical equipment components, in watts.
7.1.2 Adjustments
Test results shall be used to determine capacities without adjustment for
permissible variations in test conditions, except that air enthalpies, specific
volumes and isobaric specific heat capacities shall be corrected for deviations
from saturation temperature and standard barometric pressure.
7.2 Data to be recorded
The data to be recorded for the capacity tests are given in tables 13 and 14 for
the calorimeter test method and in table 15 for the indoor air-enthalpy test
method. The tables identify the general information required but are not
intended to limit the data to be obtained. Electrical input values used for rating
purposes shall be those measured during the capacity tests.
7.3 Test report
7.3.1 General information
As a minimum, the test report shall contain the following general information:
a) date;
b) test institute;
c} test location;
d) test method used (calorimeter or air enthalpy);
e) test supervisor;
f) test objective, type designation;
g) reference to this SASO Standard.
7.3.2 Additional information
The information given on the nameplate should be noted on the test report.
7.3.3 Rating test results
The values given shall be the mean of the values taken over the test period.

٢٦
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 13 - Data to be recorded for calorimeter cooling capacity tests

No. Data
1 Date
2 Observers
3 Barometric pressure
4 Speed of equipment cooling fan(s)
5 Applied voltage
6 Frequency
7 Total power input to equipment1)
8 Total current input to equipment
9 Control dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature of air (indoor-side calorimeter
compartment)2)
10 Control dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature of air (outdoor-side calorimeter
compartment)2)
11 Average air temperature outside the calorimeter (calibrated room-type; see figure
B.4)
12 Total power input to indoor-side and outdoor-side compartments
13 Quantity of water evaporated in humidifier
14 Temperature of humidifier water entering indoor-side and outdoor-side (if used)
compartments or in humidifier tank
15 Cooling water flow rate through outdoor-side compartment heat-rejection coil
16 Temperature of cooling water entering outdoor-side compartment, for heat-
rejection coil
17 Temperature of cooling water leaving outdoor-side compartment, from heat-
rejection coil
18 Cooling water flow rate through equipment condenser (water-cooled units only)
19 Temperature of water entering equipment condenser (water-cooled units only)
20 Temperature of water leaving equipment condenser (water-cooled units only)
21 Mass of water from equipment which is condensed in the reconditioning
equipment3)
22 Temperature of condensed water leaving outdoor-side compartment
23 Volume of air-flow through measuring nozzle of separating partition
24 Air-static pressure difference across separating partition of calorimeter
compartments
1) Total power input to the equipment, except if more than one external power connection is provided
on the equipment; record input to each connection separately.
2) See B.1.7.
3) For equipment which evaporates condensate on the outdoor coil

٢٧
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 14 — Data to be recorded for calorimeter heating capacity tests

No. Data
1 Date
2 Observers
3 Barometric pressure
4 Speed of equipment heating fan(s)
5 Applied voltage
6 Frequency
7 Total power input to equipment1)
8 Total current input to equipment
9 Control dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature of air (indoor-side calorimeter
compartment)2)
10 Control dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature of air (outdoor-side calorimeter
compartment)2)
11 Average air temperature outside the calorimeter (calibrated room-type; see figure
B.4)
12 Total power input to indoor-side and outdoor-side compartments
13 Quantity of water evaporated in humidifier
14 Temperature of humidifier water entering indoor-side and outdoor-side (if used)
compartments or in humidifier tank
15 Cooling water flow rate through outdoor-side compartment heat-rejection coil
16 Temperature of cooling water entering outdoor-side compartment, for heat-
rejection coil
17 Temperature of cooling water leaving outdoor-side compartment, from heat-
rejection coil
18 Water condensed in indoor-side or outdoor-side compartment
19 Temperature of condensed water leaving indoor-side compartment
20 Volume of air-flow through measuring nozzle of separating partition
21 Air-static pressure difference across separating partition of calorimeter
compartments
1) Total power input to the equipment, except if more than one external power connection is provided
on the equipment; record input to each connection separately.
2) SeeB.1.7.

٢٨
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table 15 — Data to be recorded during the indoor air-enthalpy capacity tests

No. Data
1 Date
2 Observers
3 Barometric pressure
4 Time of test
5 Power input1)
6 Applied voltage(s)
7 Current
8 Frequency
9 External resistance to air-flow
10 Fan speed(s) (if adjustable)
11 Dry-bulb temperature of air entering equipment
12 Wet-bulb temperature of air entering equipment
13 Dry-bulb temperature of air leaving equipment
14 Wet-bulb temperature of air leaving equipment
15 Volume flow rate of air and all relevant measurements for its calculation
1) Total power input and, where required, input to equipment components.

8- MARKING PROVISIONS
8.1 Nameplate requirements
Each non-ducted air conditioner and heat pump shall have a nameplate, firmly
attached and in a location accessible for reading.
8.2 Nameplate information
The nameplate shall carry the following minimum information in addition to
the information required by SASO safety standards:
a) manufacturer's name or trademark 1;
b) distinctive type or model designation and serial number;
c) rated voltage(s);
d) rated frequency (ies);
e) climate application type(s) (see 4.1);
f) total cooling capacity 2;
g) heating capacity 4;
h) refrigerant designation and refrigerant mass charge.
8.3 Refrigerant designation
Refrigerant designation shall be in accordance with ISO 817.

1
The manufacturer is considered to be the firm whose name is on the nameplate.
2
For each rated voltage and frequency.

٢٩
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

8.4 Split systems

The information in a), b), c), d) and h) in 8.2 shall be provided on each element
of a split system.

9- PUBLICATION OF RATINGS
9.1 Standard ratings
9.1.1 Standard ratings shall be published for cooling capacities (sensible, latent and
total), heating capacity, energy efficiency ratio and coefficient of performance,
as appropriate, for each unit produced in conformance to this SASO Standard.
These ratings shall be based on data obtained at the established rating
conditions in accordance with the provisions of this SASO Standard.
9.1.2 The values of the standard capacities shall be expressed in kilowatts, rounded
to the nearest 0,1 kW.
9.1.3 The values of energy efficiency ratios and coefficients of performance shall be
expressed in multiples of the nearest 0,05.
9.1.4 Each capacity rating shall be followed by the corresponding voltage and
frequency rating.
9.2 Other ratings
Additional ratings may be published based on conditions other than those
specified as standard rating conditions if they are clearly specified and the data
are determined by the methods specified in this SASO Standard, or by
analytical methods which are verifiable by the test methods specified in this
SASO Standard.

________________
3
The manufacturer is considered to be the firm whose name is on the nameplate.
4
For each rated voltage and frequency.

٣٠
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Annex A
(normative)
Test Procedures

A.I General test room requirements

A.1.1 If an indoor-condition test room is required, it shall be a room or space in
which the desired test conditions can be maintained within the specified tol-
erances. It is recommended that air velocities in the vicinity of the equipment
under test do not exceed 2,5 m/s.
A.1.2 If an outdoor-condition test room or space is required, it shall be of sufficient
volume and shall circulate air in a manner such that it does not change the
normal air-circulating pattern of the equipment under test. It shall be of
dimensions such that the distance from any room surface to any equipment
surface from which air is discharged is not less than 1,8 m and the distance
from any other room surface to any other equipment surface is not less than 0,9
m, except for floor or wall relationships required for normal equipment
installation. The room conditioning apparatus should handle air at a rate not
less than the outdoor air-flow rate, and preferably should take this air from the
direction of the equipment air discharge and return it at the desired conditions
uniformly and at low velocities.
A.2 Equipment installation
A.2.1 The equipment to be tested shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions, using recommended installation pro-
cedures and accessories. If the equipment can be installed in several locations,
the tests shall be conducted using the worst location. In all cases, the
manufacturer's recommendations with respect to distances from adjacent walls,
amount of extensions through walls, etc., shall be followed.
A.2.2 No alterations to the equipment shall be made except for the attachment of
required test apparatus and instruments in the specified manner.
A.2.3 Where necessary, the equipment shall be evacuated and charged with the type
and amount of refrigerant specified in the manufacturer's instructions.
A.2.4 All standard ratings for equipment in which the condenser and the evaporator
are two separate assemblies shall be determined with the maximum length of
refrigerant tubing on each line, of a length specified by the manufacturer, or
7,5 m, whichever is the shorter. Such equipment in which the interconnecting
tubing is furnished as an integral part of the unit and not recommended for
cutting to length should be tested with the complete length of tubing furnished.
Unless constrained by the design, at least half of the interconnecting tubing
shall be exposed to the outdoor conditions with the rest of the tubing exposed
to indoor conditions. The line diameters, insulation, details of installation,
evacuation and charging shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's
published recommendations.
A.3 Electrical supply requirements

٣١
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

The voltages specified shall be maintained within the specified percentages

under running conditions. The electrical service supplied to the equipment's
service connection shall be such that the voltage will not rise more than 3 %
when the equipment is stopped. After the service has been adjusted to
accomplish this result, no subsequent adjustment shall be made during the test.
A.4 Heating capacity test in the defrost region
A.4.1 During the tests, a capacity determination based only on indoor air-circuit
measurements is permissible. During this test, any apparatus disturbing normal
outdoor air-flow through the equipment shall not be connected. The indoor air-
flow is to be allowed to continue with no changes in the air-flow settings for
the test equipment or for the associated test apparatus, except that if the defrost
controls provide for stopping the indoor fan, provision shall be made to shut
off the flow of air through the indoor coil from the test apparatus while the
indoor fan is stopped. An integrating watt-hour meter shall be used for
obtaining electrical input to the equipment.
A.4.2 The test room reconditioning apparatus and the equipment under test shall be
operated until equilibrium conditions are attained, but for not less than 1 h,
except that normal variations due to operation of the defrost controls of the
equipment may occur. Under defrost conditions, the normal functioning of the
test room reconditioning apparatus may be disturbed. Because of this, the
operational tolerances shall be three times those specified in table 12.
A.4.3 The equipment shall be operated for a test period of 3 h. If the equipment is in
defrost at the end of this test period, the cycle shall be completed. Data shall be
recorded at normal 5-min intervals except that, during the defrost cycle, data
shall be recorded at least every 10 s to establish accurately the start and
completion of the defrost cycle, the time-temperature pattern of the indoor air
stream (if the indoor fan is running), and the electrical input to the equipment.
A.4.4 Transient conditions and internal losses make it impractical in many cases to
obtain accurate simultaneous checks of measured heating capacity. Hence, the
accuracy of the primary measurement equipment is verified by means of a
qualification test procedure, as described in E.6 of annex E.

٣٢
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Annex B
(normative)
Calorimeter test method

B.1 General
B.1.1 The calorimeter provides a method for determining capacity simultaneously on
both the indoor side and the outdoor side. In the cooling mode, the indoor-side
capacity determination is made by balancing the cooling and dehumidifying
effects with measured heat and water inputs. The outdoor-side capacity
provides a confirming test of the cooling and de-humidifying effect by
balancing the heat and water rejection on the condenser side with a measured
amount of cooling.
B.1.2 The two calorimeter compartments, indoor side and outdoor side, are separated
by an insulated partition having an opening into which the non-ducted
equipment is mounted. The equipment shall be installed in a manner similar to
a normal installation. No effort shall be made to seal the internal construction
of the equipment to prevent air leakage from the condenser side to the
evaporator side or vice versa. No connections or alterations shall be made to
the equipment which might in any way alter its normal operation.
B.1.3 A pressure-equalizing device as illustrated in figure B.1 shall be provided in
the partition wall between the indoor-side and the outdoor-side compartments
to maintain a balanced pressure between these compartments and also to permit
measurement of leakage, exhaust and ventilation air. This device consists of
one or more nozzles of the type shown in figure B.2, a discharge chamber
equipped with an exhaust fan, and manometers for measuring compartment
and air-flow pressures. A suggested arrangement of components is shown in
figure B.3.
Since the air-flow from one compartment to the other may be in either
direction, two such devices mounted in opposite directions, or a reversible
device, shall be used.
The manometer pressure pickup tubes shall be so located as to be unaffected by
air discharged from the equipment or by the exhaust from the pressure-
equalizing device. The fan or blower which exhausts air from the discharge
chamber shall permit variation of its air-flow by any suitable means, such as a
variable speed drive, or a damper as shown in figure B.3. The exhaust from this
fan or blower shall be such that it will not affect the inlet air to the equipment.
The equalizing device shall be adjusted during calorimeter tests or air-flow
measurements so that the static pressure difference between the indoor-side
and outdoor-side compartments is not greater than 1,25 Pa.

٣٣
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

B.1.4 The size of the calorimeter shall be sufficient to avoid any restriction to the
intake or discharge openings of the equipment. Perforated plates or other
suitable grilles shall be provided at the discharge opening from the
reconditioning equipment to avoid face velocities exceeding 0,5 m/s. Sufficient
space shall be allowed in front of any inlet or discharge grilles of the air
conditioner to avoid interference with the air-flow. Minimum distance from the
equipment to side walls or ceiling of the compartment(s) shall be 1 m, except
for the back of console-type equipment, which shall be in a normal relationship
to the wall. Table B.1 gives the suggested dimensions for the calorimeter. To
accommodate peculiar sizes of equipment, it may be necessary to alter the
suggested dimensions to comply with the space requirements.
B.I.5 Each compartment shall be provided with reconditioning equipment to
maintain specified air-flow and specified conditions. Reconditioning apparatus
for the indoor-side compartment shall consist of heaters to supply sensible heat
and a humidifier to supply moisture. Reconditioning apparatus for the outdoor-
side compartment shall provide cooling, dehumidification and humidification.
The energy should be controlled and measured.
When calorimeters are used for heat pumps, they shall have heating,
humidifying and cooling capabilities for both rooms (see figures B.4 and B.5)
or other means, such as rotating the equipment, may be used as long as the
rating conditions are maintained.

Figure B.l - Pressure-equalizing device

٣٤
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Figure B.2 - Air-flow measuring nozzle

Figure B.3 - Air-flow measuring apparatus

٣٥
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table B.1 — Sizes of calorimeter

Maximum rated cooling Suggested minimum inside dimensions
capacity of equipment1) of each room of calorimeter
m
W Width Height Length
3 000 2,4 2,1 1,8
6000 2,4 2,1 2,4
9000 2,7 2,4 3,0
12000 3,0 2.4 3.7
1) All figures are round numbers.

Figure B.4 - Typical calibrated room-type calorimeter

٣٦
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Figure B.5 — Typical balanced ambient room-type calorimeter

B.1.6 Reconditioning apparatus for both compartments shall be provided with fans of
sufficient capacity to ensure air-flows of not less than twice the quantity of air
discharged by the equipment under test in the calorimeter, and air velocities at
the discharge of the reconditioning apparatus of less than 1 m/s. The
calorimeter shall be equipped with means of measuring or determining
specified wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in both calorimeter compartments.
B.1.7 It is recognized that in both the indoor-side and outdoor-side compartments,
temperature gradients and air-flow patterns result from the interaction of the
reconditioning equipment and test apparatus. Therefore, the resultant
conditions are peculiar to and dependent upon a given combination of
compartment size, arrangement and size of reconditioning apparatus, and the
air discharge characteristics of the equipment under test.
The point of measurement of specified test temperatures, both wet- and dry-
bulb, shall be such that the following conditions are fulfilled.
a) The measured temperatures shall be representative of the temperature
surrounding the equipment, and shall simulate the conditions
encountered in an actual application for both indoor and outdoor sides, as
indicated above.

٣٧
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

b) At the point of measurement, the temperature of the air shall not be

affected by air discharged from the equipment. This makes it mandatory
that the temperatures are measured upstream of any recirculation
produced by the equipment.
B.1.8 Interior surfaces of the calorimeter compartments shall be of non-porous
material with all joints sealed against air and moisture leakage. The access
door shall be tightly sealed against air and moisture leakage by use of gaskets
or other suitable means.
B.2 Transient heating capacity test
B.2.1 The test room reconditioning apparatus and the heat pump under test shall be
operated under specified rating conditions until "equilibrium" conditions are
attained, but for not less than 1 h, except that variations due to operation of
defrost controls may occur. Under defrost conditions, the normal functioning
of the test room reconditioning apparatus may be disturbed and the maximum
allowable variation of air temperature readings from rating conditions shall be
three times those shown in table 12.
B.2.2 If defrost controls on the heat pump provide for stopping the indoor air-flow,
provision shall be made to stop the test apparatus air-flow to the equipment on
both the indoor and outdoor sides during such a defrost period. If it is desirable
to maintain operation of the reconditioning apparatus during the defrost period,
provision may be made to bypass the conditioned air around the equipment as
long as assurance is provided that the conditioned air does not aid in the
defrosting. A watt-hour meter shall be used for obtaining the integrated
electrical input to the equipment under test.
B.2.3 The equipment shall be operated for a minimum test period complying with
one of the following:
a) a minimum of three complete defrost cycles;
b) a minimum of 3 h, including one complete defrost cycle:
c) 6 h, if no defrosting occurs.
B.2.4 If the equipment is in defrost at the end of this test period, the cycle shall be
completed. A defrost cycle comprises one complete heating and defrosting
interval. Data shall be recorded at not more than 5-min intervals except that,
during the defrost cycle and recovery period, data shall be recorded at
sufficient frequency to establish accurately the time-temperature pattern of the
indoor air stream (if the indoor fan is running), and the electrical input to the
equipment under test.
B.3 Calibrated room-type calorimeter
B.3.1 The calibrated room-type calorimeter is shown in figure B.4. Each calorimeter,
including the separating partition, shall be insulated to prevent heat leakage
(including radiation) in excess of 5 % of the capacity of the equipment. An air
space permitting free circulation shall be provided under the calorimeter floor.

٣٨
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

B.3.2 Heat leakage may be determined in either the indoor-side or outdoor-side

compartment by the following method.
All openings shall be closed. Either compartment may be heated by electric
heaters to a temperature of at least 11 °C above the surrounding ambient
temperature. The ambient temperature shall be maintained constant within ± 1
°C outside all six enveloping surfaces of the compartment, including the
separating partition. If the construction of the partition is identical with that of
the other walls, the heat leakage through the partition may be determined on a
proportional area basis.
B.3.3 For calibrating the heat leakage through the separating partition alone, the
following procedure may be used.
A test is carried out as described above. Then the temperature of the adjoining
area on the other side of the separating partition is raised to equal the tem-
perature in the heated compartment, thus eliminating heat leakage through the
partition, while the 11 °C differential is maintained between the heated com-
partment and the surrounding ambient temperature of the other five enveloping
surfaces.
The difference in heat input between the first test and second test will permit
determination of the leakage through the partition alone.
B.3.4 For the outdoor-side compartment equipped with means for cooling, an
alternative means of calibration may be to cool the compartment to a tem-
perature at least 11 °C below the ambient temperature (on six sides) and carry
out a similar analysis.
B.3.5 As an alternative to the two-room simultaneous method of determining capacities,
the performance of the indoor-side compartment shall be verified at least every
6 months using an industrial standard cooling capacity calibrating device. A
calibrating device may also be another equipment whose performance has been
measured by the simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurement method at an
accredited national test laboratory as part of an industry-wide cooling capacity
verification programme.
B.4 Balanced ambient room-type calorimeter
B.4.1 The balanced ambient room-type calorimeter is shown in figure B.5 and is
based on the principle of maintaining the dry-bulb temperatures surrounding
the particular compartment equal to the dry-bulb temperatures maintained
within that compartment. If the ambient wet-bulb temperature is also
maintained equal to that within the compartment, the vapour-proofing
provisions of B.1.8 are not required.
B.4.2 The floor, ceiling and walls of the calorimeter compartments shall be spaced a
sufficient distance away from the floor, ceiling and walls of the controlled
areas in which the compartments are located in order to provide a uniform air
temperature in the intervening space. It is recommended that this distance be at
least 0,3 m. Means shall be provided to circulate the air within the surrounding
space to prevent stratification.

٣٩
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

B.4.3 Heat leakage through the separating partition shall be introduced into the heat
balance calculation and may be calibrated in accordance with B.3.3, or may be
calculated.
B.4.4 It is recommended that the floor, ceiling and walls of the calorimeter
compartments be insulated so as to limit heat leakage (including radiation) to
no more than 10% of the test equipment's capacity, with an 11 °C temperature
difference, or 300 W for the same temperature difference, whichever is the
greater, as tested using the procedure given in B.3.2.
B.5 Calorimeter and auxiliary equipment for water-cooled condenser tests
B.5.1 The indoor-side compartment of a room calorimeter of either the calibrated or
the balanced ambient type shall be used.
B.5.2 Measurements shall be made for determining flow and temperature rise of the
condenser cooling water. Water lines shall be insulated between the condenser
and the temperature-measuring points.

٤٠
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Annex C
(normative)
Heating and cooling capacity calculations

C.1 Cooling capacity calculations (Calorimeter method)

C.1.1 The total room-cooling effect on the indoor side, as tested in either the
calibrated or balanced-ambient room-type calorimeter (see figures B.4 and B.5)
is calculated as follows:
φtci = ∑P r + (hw1 − hw 2 ) Wr + φ lp + φ lr …(C.1)

where:
φtci is the total cooling capacity, indoor-side data, in watts;

∑P r is the sum of all power input to the indoor-side compartment, in

watts;
hw1 is the specific enthalpy of water or steam supplied to maintain
humidity; if no water is introduced during the test, hw1 is taken at the
temperature of the water in the humidifier tank of the reconditioning
apparatus, in kilojoules per kilogram;
hw 2 is the specific enthalpy of condensed moisture leaving the indoor-side
compartment, since transfer of condensed moisture from the indoor-
side to the outdoor-side compartment usually takes place within the
test equipment; when it is not practical to measure this temperature, the
temperature of the condensate may be assumed to be at the measured,
or estimated, wet-bulb temperature of the air leaving the test equipment,
in kilojoules per kilogram;
wr is the rate at which water vapour is condensed by the equipment under
test, in grams per second; this is measured as the amount of water, in
grams per second, evaporated into the indoor-side compartment by the
reconditioning to maintain the required humidity;
φlp is the heat leakage rate into the indoor-side compartment through the
partition separating the indoor-side and outdoor-side compartments, as
determined from the calibrating test (or may be based on calculation in
the case of a balanced-ambient room-type calorimeter), in watts;
φlr is the heat leakage rate into the indoor-side compartment through walls,
floor and ceiling (but not including the separating partition) as
determined from the calibrating test, in watts.

٤١
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

C.1.2 The total cooling capacity on the outdoor side, as tested in either the calibrated
or balanced-ambient room-type calorimeter (see figures B.4 and B.5) is
calculated as follows:
φtco = φ c − ∑ Po − Pt + (hw3 − hw 2 )Wr + φ lp + φ loo …(C.2)

where:
φtco is the total cooling capacity as determined on the outdoor-side
compartment, in watts;
φC is the heat removed by the cooling coil in the outdoor-side
compartment, in watts;

∑P o is the sum of all power input to any equipment, such as reheaters,

circulating fans, etc., in the outdoor-side compartment, in watts;
Pt is the total power input to the equipment under test, in watts;

hw 2 is as defined in C. 1.1;

hw3 is the specific enthalpy of the condensed moisture removed by the air-
treating coil in the outdoor-side compartment reconditioning apparatus,
taken at the temperature at which the condensate leaves the
compartment, in kilojoules per kilogram;
Wr is as defined in C. 1.1;
φlp is as defined in C. 1.1;
NOTE 3 This quantity will be numerically equal to that used in equation (C.1) (see
C.1.1) if, but only if, the area of the separating partition exposed to the outdoor side is
equal to the area exposed to the indoor-side compartment.

φloo is the heat leakage from the outdoor side (but not including heat leakage
through the separating partition), as determined from the calibrating
test, in watts.
C.1.3 The total cooling capacity of a liquid (water)-cooled equipment deducted from
the condenser side is calculated as follows:
φtco = φ co − ∑ PE …(C.3)

where:
φtco is as defined in C.1.2;

φco is the heat removed by the condenser coil in the equipment, in watts;

∑P E is the effective power input to the equipment, in watts.

٤٢
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

C.1.4 The latent cooling capacity (room-dehumidifying capacity) is calculated as

follows:
φ d = K 1Wr ... (C.4)
where:
φd is the latent cooling capacity, in watts;
K1 is 2,460 kJ/kg;
wr is as defined in C.1.1.

C.1.5 The sensible cooling capacity is calculated as follows:

φ s = φtci − φ d ...(C.5)
where:
φs is the sensible cooling capacity, in watts;

φtci is as defined in C.1.1;

φd is as defined in C.1.4.

C.1.6 The sensible heat ratio (SHR) is calculated as follows:

SHR = φ s / φtci ... (C.6)
Where:
φs is as defined in C.1.5;

φtci is as defined in C.1.1.

C.2 Heating capacity calculations (Calorimeter method)

C.2.1 Determination of the heating capacity by measurement in the indoor-side
compartment is calculated as follows:
φ hi = φlci + φt + φli − Pi ... (C.7)

where (as also in the case of split-system equipment)

φ hi is the heating capacity as determined in the indoor-side compartment,
in watts;
φlci is the heat-flow removed from the indoor-side compartment, in watts;

φt is the heat-flow through the partition wall from the indoor-side to the
outdoor-side compartment, in watts;

٤٣
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

φli is the heat-flow through the remaining enveloping surfaces of the

indoor-side compartment, in watts;
Pi is the other power input to the indoor-side compartment (e.g.
illumination, electrical and thermal power input to the compensating
device, heat balance of the humidification device), in watts.
NOTE 4 The transfer of energy by the equalizing air-flow and by the leakage air-flow of the
unit is a function of the respective test equipment and is not to be taken into account when
determining the capacity.
C.2.2 Determination of the heating capacity by measurement of the heat-absorbing
side is calculated as follows for equipment where the evaporator takes the heat
from an air-flow:
φ ho = Po + Pt + q wo (hw 4 − hw5 ) + φt + φloo ... (C.8)

where:
φ ho is the heating capacity as determined in the outdoor-side compartment,
in watts;
Po is the total power input to the outdoor-side compartment with the
exception of the power input to the equipment, in watts;
Pt is as defined in C.1.2;

q wo is the mass flow rate of water supplied to the outside compartment to

maintain the test conditions, in grams per second;
hw 4 is the specific enthalpy of the water mass flow supplied to the outdoor-
side compartment, in kilojoules per kilogram;
hw 5 is the specific enthalpy of the condensed water (in the test condition,
this is high) and frost, respectively (in the test condition, this is low or
extra-low) in the equipment, in kilojoules per kilogram;
φt is as defined in C.2.1;

φioo is the heat-flow through the remaining enveloping surfaces into the
outdoor-side compartment, in watts.
NOTE 5 The transfer of energy by the equalizing air-flow and the leakage air-flow of the
equipment is neglected.

C.3 Heating capacity calculations (Air-enthalpy method)

C.3.1 The results of the test shall express quantitatively the effect produced upon the
air by the equipment tested. The test results shall include the heating capacity,
recirculating air-flow, and the total energy input to the equipment.

٤٤
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

C.3.2 During heating capacity and qualification tests, the measuring apparatus (figure
C.I) permits some heat loss which must be determined by suitable calibration
techniques and credited to the overall heating capacity,
C.3.3 The heating capacity based on indoor-side data is calculated by the following
equation3:
q mi c pa (t a 2 − t a1 )
φ hi = . . . (C.9)
v n' (1 + wn )
where:
φ hi is as defined in C.2.1;

q mi is the indoor air-flow rate at a measurement point, in cubic metres per

second;
c pa is the specific heat of dry air, in joules per kilogram kelvin;

ta2 is the temperature of air leaving the indoor side, in degrees Celsius;

t a1 is the temperature of air entering the indoor side, in degrees Celsius;

v n' is the specific volume of air at point of measurement of air-water

vapour mixture, in cubic metres per kilogram;
wn is the specific humidity of air, in kilograms per kilogram of dry air.
If line loss corrections are to be made, they shall be included in the capacity
calculations.
C.3.4 When moisture is deliberately added to the indoor air stream in order to
provide humidification, there is a significant change in moisture content be-
tween the indoor air entering and leaving, and the following expression shall
be used:
q mi (ha 2 − ha1 )
φ hi = . . . (C.10)
v n' (1 + wn )
where:
φ hi is as defined in C.2.1;

q mi is as defined in C.3.3;

ha1 is the enthalpy of air entering the indoor side, in kilojoules per kilogram
of dry air;
ha 2 is the enthalpy of air leaving the indoor side. in kilojoules per kilogram
of dry air;

3
Equation (C.9) does not provide allowances for heat leakage in the test equipment.

٤٥
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

v n' is as defined in C.3.3;

wn is as defined in C.3.3.
C.3.5 The transient total heating capacity shall be calculated as shown in C.3.4 and
averaged with respect to time for the entire test period. When the indoor air-
flow of the equipment stops during defrosting, the capacity during this interval
shall be considered to be zero, but the elapsed time must be included in the
total test period for obtaining the mean heating capacity.
C.3.6 Test results shall be used to determine capacity without adjustment for
permissible variations in test conditions.

Figure C.l - Qualification test apparatus (suggested)

C.4 Cooling capacity calculations (Air-enthalpy method)

The total, sensible and latent indoor cooling capacities based on the indoor-side
test data are calculated by the following equations4:

4
Equations (C.11) and (C.12) do not provide allowances for heat leakage in the test equipment.

٤٦
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

q mi ( h a 1 − h a 2 )
φ tci = . . . (C.11)
v n' (1 + w n )
q mi c pa (t a1 − t a 2 )
φ sci = . . . (C.12)
v n' (1 + wn )
c pa = 1005 + 1846wn

2.47 × 10 6 q mi ( wi1 − wi 2 )
φlci = = φtci − φ sci . . . (C.13)
v n' (1 + wn )
where:
φtci is as defined in C.1.1;
q mi , c pa , t a1 , and t a 2 are as defined in C.3.3;

ha1 , ha 2 , v n' and wn are as defined in C.3.4 ;

φ sci is the sensible cooling capacity, indoor-side data, in watts;
φlci is the latent cooling capacity, indoor-side data, in watts;
wi1 is the specific humidity of air entering the indoor-side compartment, in
kilograms per kilogram of dry air;
wi 2 is the specific humidity of air leaving indoor-side compartment, in
kilograms per kilogram of dry air;
2,47 x 106 in equation (C.13) is the latent heat of vaporization at 15 °C ± 1 °C,
in joules per kilogram.

٤٧
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Annex D
(informative)
Instruments

D.1 Temperature-measuring instruments

D.1.1 The smallest scale division of the temperature-measuring instrument should
not exceed twice the specified accuracy. For example, for the specified
accuracy of ± 0,05 °C, the smallest scale division should not exceed ±0,1 °C.
D.1.2 Where an instrument accuracy of ± 0,05 °C is specified, the instrument should
be calibrated by comparison with a thermometer certified by a recognized
authority, such as a national standards authority.
D.1.3 In all measurements of wet-bulb temperature, sufficient wetting should be
provided and sufficient time should be allowed for the state of evaporative
equilibrium to be attained. For mercury-in-glass thermometers having a bulb
diameter not over 6,5 mm, temperatures should be read under conditions which
ensure a minimum air velocity of 5 m/s. For any other instrument, a sufficient
air velocity should be provided to give the same equilibrium conditions as
those defined above.
D.1.4 Wherever possible, temperature-measuring instruments used to measure the
change in temperature should be arranged so that they can be readily
interchanged between inlet and outlet positions to improve accuracy.
D.1.5 Temperatures of fluids within conduits should be measured by inserting the
temperature-measuring instrument directly within the fluid, or within a well
inserted into the fluid. If a glass thermometer is to be inserted directly into the
fluid, it should be calibrated for the effect of pressure.
D.1.6 Temperature-measuring instruments should be adequately shielded from
radiation from any adjacent heat sources.
D.1.7 The response time is the time required for the instrumentation to obtain 63 %
of the final steady-state temperature difference when subjected to a step change
in temperature difference of 7 °C or more.
D.2 Pressure-measuring instruments
D.2.1 The maximum scale interval should not be greater than that listed for the range
of the manometer given in table D.1.

٤٨
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Table D.I — Range of manometer

Values in pascals

Range Maximum scale

interval

From 1,25 to 25 1.25

Over 25 to 250 2.5
Over 250 to 500 5.0
Over 500 25

D.2.2 For air-flow rate measurements, the minimum pressure differential should be:
a) 25 Pa with an inclined-tube manometer or micro-manometer;
b) 500 Pa with a vertical tube manometer.
D.2.3 Calibration standards should be;
a) for instruments with the range 1,25 Pa to 25 Pa, a micromanometer
accurate to ± 0,25 Pa;
b) for instruments with the range 25 Pa to 500 Pa, a manometer accurate to
± 2,5 Pa (hook gauge or micromanometer);
c) for instruments with the range 500 Pa and upwards, a manometer
accurate to ± 25 Pa (vertical-tube manometer).
D.2.4 Barometric pressure should be measured by a barometer having a scale
marking permitting readings to an accuracy of within ± 0,1 %.
D.3 Electrical instruments
D.3.1 Electrical measurements should be made with either of the following
instruments:
a) indicating;
b) integrating.
D.3.2 Instruments used for measuring all electrical inputs to the calorimeter
compartments should be accurate to ± 0,5 % of the quantity measured.
D.4 Water-flow-measuring instruments
D.4.1 Water-flow measurements should be made with either of the following
instruments having an accuracy of ± 1,0 % of the quantity measured:
a) liquid quantity meter, measuring either mass or volume;
b) liquid flowmeter.
D.4.2 The liquid quantity meter should employ a tank having a capacity sufficient to
accumulate the flow for at least 2 min.

٤٩
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

D.5 Other instruments

D.5.1 Time interval measurements should be made with instruments whose accuracy
is ± 0,2 % of the quantity measured.
D.5.2 Mass measurement should be made with apparatus whose accuracy is ± 1,0 %
of the quantity measured.
D.5.3 Instruments for measuring rotating speed should be of the remote-sensing type
with an accuracy of ± 1,0 % of the quantity measured.

٥٠
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Annex E
(informative)
Air-flow measurement

E.1 Air-flow determination

E.1.1 The following air quantities may be measured using the apparatus and testing
procedures given in this annex;
a) indoor-side discharge air-flow;
b) ventilation air-flow, if the non-ducted air conditioner or heat pump is
equipped to provide same;
c) exhaust air-flow, if the non-ducted air conditioner or heat pump is
equipped to provide same;
d) leakage air-flow.
E.1.2 Air-flow quantities are determined as mass flow rates. If air-flow quantities are
to be expressed for rating purposes in volume flow rates, such ratings should
state the conditions (pressure, temperature and humidity) at which the specific
volume is determined.
E.2 Nozzles
E.2.1 Nozzles should be constructed in accordance with figure B.2, and installed in
accordance with the provisions of E.2.2 and E.2.3.
E.2.2 Nozzle discharge coefficients for the construction shown in figure B.2 may be
determined by use of the alignment chart (see figure E.1).
Figure E.1 is the solution of the following equations:
C d = f (Re)
VDρ
Re =
µ
where:
Cd is the discharge coefficient;
Re is the Reynolds number;
D is the nozzle diameter;
V is the velocity;
ρ is the density;
µ is the viscosity
and

٥١
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

V = ϕ (h)
ρ
= ψ (t )
µ

E.2.3 Nozzles may also be constructed in accordance with appropriate national

standards, provided they can be used in the apparatus described in figures B.2
and B.3 and result in equivalent accuracy.

Instructions: Enter graph using diameter and temperature scales to obtain point on index (x) scale. Use index
and pressure scales to obtain Reynolds number and discharge coefficient.

Figure E.1 — Determination of nozzle discharge coefficient

E.3 Apparatus for room discharge air-flow measurements

E.3.1 Room discharge air-flow measurements should be made with apparatus similar
to that shown in figures B.1 and B.3.
E.3.2 One or more nozzles constructed in accordance with figures B.2 and B.3
should be fitted into one wall of the receiving chamber, discharging into the
discharge chamber, and should be of such a size that the throat velocity is not
less than 15 m/s. Centre distances between nozzles in use should not be less
than three throat diameters, and the distance from the centre of any nozzle to
any of the four adjacent side walls should be not less than 1,5 throat diameters.

٥٢
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

If the nozzles are of different diameters, the distance between axes should be
based upon the average diameter. Size and arrangement of the receiving cham-
ber should be sufficient to provide uniform approach velocity to the nozzle(s)
or have suitable diffusion baffles to accomplish this purpose. Nozzles so in-
stalled may be considered to require a negligible correction for approach
velocity.
E.3.3 To establish a zero static pressure with respect to the test room at the discharge
of the air conditioner or heat pump in the receiving chamber, a manometer
should have one side connected to one or more static pressure connections
located flush with the inner wall of the receiving chamber.
E.3.4 Size and arrangement of the discharge chamber should be such that the
distance from the centre of any nozzle to the adjacent side wall is not less than
1,5 throat diameters and not less than 5 throat diameters to the next
obstruction, unless suitable diffusion baffles are used.
E.3.5 An exhaust fan should be connected to the discharge chamber to overcome the
resistance of the chamber, nozzle(s) and diffusion baffles.
E.3.6 The manometer(s) used to measure the pressure drop across the nozzle(s)
should have one side connected to one or more static pressure connections
located flush with the inner wall of the receiving chamber. The other side of
the manometer(s) should be connected in a similar manner to one or more
static pressure connections in the wall of the discharge chamber. Static
pressure connections should be located so as not to be affected by air-flow. If
desired, the velocity head of the air stream leaving the nozzle(s) may be
measured by a pitot tube, but when more than one nozzle is in use, the pitot
tube reading is determined for each nozzle. Temperature readings at the
nozzle(s) should be used only for determining air density.
E.4 Indoor-side discharge air-flow measurement
E.4.1 Indoor-side discharge air-flow should be measured with apparatus similar to
that illustrated in figure B.3.
E.4.2 The outlet or outlets of the equipment under test should be connected to the
receiving chamber by adapter ducting of negligible air resistance.
E.4.3 The exhaust fan should be adjusted to give zero static pressure at the discharge
of the equipment in the receiving chamber.
E.4.4 The following readings should be taken:
a) barometric pressure;
b) nozzle dry- and wet-bulb temperatures or dew point temperatures;
c) nozzle velocity pressure.
E.4.5 Air mass flow rate through a single nozzle is determined as follows:
pv
qm = K 2Cd A ...(E.1)
v n'

٥٣
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Air volume flow rate through a single nozzle is determined as follows:

q v = K 2 C d A 1000 p v v n' ...(E.2)

p A vn
v n' = ...(E.3)
p n (1 + wn )
where:
qm is the air mass flow rate, in kilograms per second;
qv is the air volume flow rate, in cubic metres per second;
K2 is 1 414;
Cd is the nozzle discharge coefficient (see E.2.2);
A is the nozzle area, in square metres;
pv is the static pressure difference, in pascals, across the nozzle, or the
velocity pressure of the nozzle throat, in pascals, the approach velocity
being considered negligible;
v n' is the specific volume of air at the nozzle inlet, in cubic metres per
kilogram of the air-water vapour mixture;
pA is the standard barometric pressure = 101,325 kPa;
pn is the barometric pressure at nozzle inlet, in kilopascals;
wn is the specific humidity at nozzle inlet, in kilograms per kilogram of dry
air;
vn is the specific volume of humid air at dry-and wet-bulb temperature
conditions existing at the nozzle inlet but at standard barometric
pressure, in cubic metres per kilogram.
NOTE 6 Where the barometric pressure deviates from the standard barometric pressure by
'
not more than 3 kPa, v n may, for simplicity, be considered equal to v n .

E.4.6 Air-flow through multiple nozzles may be calculated in accordance with E.4.5,
except that the total flow rate will be the sum of the q m values for each nozzle
used.
E.5 Ventilation, exhaust and leakage air-flow measurements
E.5.1 Ventilation, exhaust and leakage air-flows should be measured using apparatus
similar to that illustrated in figure B,3 with the refrigeration system in
operation and after condensate equilibrium has been obtained.
E.5.2 With the equalizing device adjusted for a maximum static pressure differential
between the indoor-side and outdoor-side compartiments of 1 Pa, the following
readings should be taken:

٥٤
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

a) barometric pressure;
b) nozzle wet- and dry-bulb temperatures;
c) nozzle velocity pressure.
E.5.3 Air-flow values should be calculated in accordance with E.4.5.
E.6 Test apparatus calibration (Air-enthalpy method)
E.6.1 In order to fulfil the requirements of this SASO Standard, the test apparatus
should be periodically calibrated under conditions similar to the equipment test
conditions. The calibration test method involves the introduction of electric
resistance heat into the measuring apparatus at a point as near as practical to
the point of attachment of the equipment being tested (see figure C.1).
E.6.2 Calibration tests should be performed at least every 6 months and whenever
changes are made to the test apparatus.
E.6.3 During the calibration test, the air-flow, the inlet temperature, and the outlet
temperature should agree with the values measured during the test of the
equipment, within the tolerances given in table 11. The electrical input to the
resistance heater should be adjusted to provide the equivalent test conditions.
E.6.4 The heat input of the resistance heater is calculated as follows:
φ r = Pr ... (E.4)
where:
φr is the total heating capacity of the resistance heater, in watts;
Pr is the power input to the resistance heater, in watts,
E.6.5 The net heating capacity output of the calibration apparatus is calculated as
described in C.3.3.
E.6.6 The test apparatus is considered satisfactorily calibrated if the heat input of the
qualification resistance heater (E.6.4) agrees with the measured heat output
(E.6.5) to within 4 %.

٥٥
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Annex F
(informative)
Outdoor air-enthalpy test method

F.1 General
F.1.1 In the air-enthalpy method, capacities are determined from measurements of
entering and leaving wet- and dry-buib temperatures and the associated air-
flow rate.
F.1.2 Outdoor air-enthalpy tests are subject to the apparatus arrangement limitations
specified in F.2.1, if the compressor is independently ventilated, and to the line
loss adjustments permitted by C.3.3 and F.4.3, if the equipment employs
remote outdoor coils.
F.2 Test room requirements
F.2.1 When the air-enthalpy method is employed for outdoor tests, it is necessary to
ascertain whether the attachment of the air-flow measuring device changes the
performance of the equipment being tested and, if so, to correct for this change.
To accomplish this, the equipment should have thermocouples soldered to
return bends at approximately the midpoints of each indoor coil and outdoor
coil circuit. Equipment not sensitive to refrigerant charge may, alternatively, be
provided with pressure gauges connected to access valves or tapped into the
suction and discharge lines. The equipment should then be operated under the
desired conditions, with the indoor-side test apparatus connected but not the
outdoor-side apparatus. Data should be recorded at 5-min intervals for a period
of not less than 30 min after equilibrium has been attained. The outdoor-side
test apparatus should then be connected to the equipment and the pressure or
temperatures indicated by the aforementioned gauges or thermocouples should
be noted. If, after equilibrium is again attained, these do not average to within
± 0,3 °C or its pressure equivalent of the averages observed during the
preliminary test, the outdoor air-flow rate should be adjusted until the specified
agreement is attained. The test should be continued for a period of 30 min after
attainment of equilibrium under the proper conditions with the outdoor-side
test apparatus connected, and the indoor-side test results during this interval
should agree to within ± 2,0 % of the results obtained during the preliminary
test period. This applies for both the cooling and the heating cycle, but needs to
be done under any one condition for each.
F.2.2 For equipment in which the compressor is ventilated independently of the
outdoor air stream, the calorimeter air-enthalpy method arrangement should be
employed to take into account compressor heat radiation (see figure F.1).
F.2.3 When the outdoor air-flow is adjusted as described in F.2.1, the adjusted air-
flow rate is used in the capacity calculation. In such cases, however, the
outdoor fan power input observed during the preliminary tests should be used
for rating purposes.
F.3 Test conditions

٥٦
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

When the outdoor air-enthalpy method is used, the requirements given in A.4.1
and A.4.2 apply to both the preliminary test (see F.2) and the regular equip-
ment test.
F.4 Calculations
F.4.1 The total cooling capacity based on outdoor-side data is calculated by one of
the following equations5:
q mo (ha 4 − ha 3 )
φtco = − Pt ... (F.1)
v n' (1 + wn )
or, for air-cooled equipment which does not re-evaporate:
q mo c pa (t a 4 − t a 3 )
φtco = − Pt ... (F.2)
v n' (1 + wn )

where:
φtco is the total cooling capacity based on outdoor-side data, in watts;
q mo is the air mass flow rate on the outdoor side, in cubic metres per
second;
ha 4 is the specific enthalpy of air leaving the outdoor side, in joules per
kilogram of dry air;
ha 3 is the specific enthalpy of air entering the outdoor side, in joules per
kilogram of dry air;
c pa is the specific heat of dry air, in joules per kilogram kelvin;

ta4 is the temperature of air leaving the outdoor side, in degrees Celsius;
t a3 is the temperature of air entering the outdoor side, in degrees Celsius;

v n' is the specific volume of air at point of measurement, in cubic metres

per kilogram of the air-water vapour mixture;
wn is the specific humidity at the nozzle, in kilograms per kilogram of dry
air;
Pt is the total power to equipment, in watts.
F.4.2 The total heating capacity based on outdoor-side data is calculated by one of
the following equations6:
q mo (ha 4 − ha 3 )
φtho = − Pt ... (F.3)
v n' (1 + wn )

5
Equations (F.1) and (F.2) do not provide allowances for heat leakage in the test equipment.
6
Equations (F.3) and (F.4) do not provide allowances for heat leakage in the test equipment.

٥٧
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

or, for air-cooled equipment which does not re-evaporate:

q mo c pa (t a 4 − t a 3 )
φtho = − Pt …(F.4)
v n' (1 + wn )
where:
φtho is the total heating capacity based on outdoor-side data, in watts, and
the other symbols are as defined in F.4.1.
F.4.3 If line loss corrections are to be made, they should be included in the capacity
calculations. Allowance should be made as follows.
a) For bare copper tube
φ L = 0.6057 + 0.005316( Dt ) 0.75 (∆t )1.25 + 79.8 Dt ∆tL ... (F.5)

b) For insulated lines

φ L = 0.6154 + 0.3092(T ) −0.33 ( Dt ) 0.75 (∆t )1.25 L ... (F.6)
where:
φL is the line heat loss in the interconnecting tubing, in watts;
Dt is the outside diameter of refrigerant tubing, in millimetres;
∆t is the average temperature difference, in degrees Celsius, between the
refrigerant and the surrounding ambient;
L is the length of refrigerant tubing, in metres;
T is the insulation thickness, interconnecting tubing, in millimetres.
The line loss correction should be added algebraically to the outdoor-side
capacity.

٥٨
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Annex G
(informative)
List of symbols
Symbol Description Unit

A area of nozzle m2

Cd nozzle discharge coefficient —

c pa specific heat of dry air kJ/kg.K

Dt outside diameter of refrigerant tubing mm

ha1 specific enthalpy of wet air entering indoor-side compartment kJ/kg of dry air

ha 2 specific enthalpy of air leaving indoor-side compartment kJ/kg of dry air

ha 3 specific enthalpy of air entering outdoor-side compartment J/kg of dry air

ha 4 specific enthalpy of air leaving outdoor-side compartment J/kg of dry air

hw1 specific enthalpy of water or steam supplied to indoor-side kJ/kg

compartment
specific enthalpy of condenser moisture leaving indoor-side kJ/kg
hw 2
compartment
specific enthalpy of condensate removed by air-treating coil in the kJ/kg
hw 3
outdoor-side compartment reconditioning equipment
specific enthalpy of the water supplied to the outdoor-side kJ/kg
hw 4
compartment
specific enthalpy of the condensed water (in the test condition, this is J/kg
hw 5
high) and the frost, respectively (in the test condition, this is low or
extra-low) in the equipment
J/kg
K1 constant ( = 2 460)

K2 constant (= 1 414) —

L length of refrigerant tubing m

φlp heat leakage into indoor side compartment through partition W
separating indoor side from outdoor side
φlr heat leakage into indoor-side compartment through walls, floor and W
ceiling
φc heat removed by cooling coil in the outdoor-side compartment W

φ co heat removed by the condenser coil W

٥٩
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Symbol Description Unit

φd latent cooling capacity (dehumidifying) W
φ hi heating capacity, indoor-side compartment W
φ ho heating capacity, outdoor-side compartment W
φL line heat loss in interconnecting tubing W
φlci heat removed from indoor-side compartment W
φli heat flow through the remaining enveloping surfaces of the indoor- W
side compartment
φloo heat leakage out of or into the outdoor-side compartment, not W
including the heat leakage through the partition
φr total heating capacity of resistance heater W
φs sensible cooling capacity W
φ sci sensible cooling capacity, indoor-side data W
φt heat flow through partition wall W
φtci total cooling capacity, indoor-side data W
φtco total cooling capacity, outdoor-side data W
φthi total heating capacity, indoor-side data W
φtho total heating capacity, outdoor-side data W
pA standard barometric pressure ( = 101,325) kPa
pn kPa
barometric pressure at the nozzle inlet
pv Pa
static pressure deference across nozzle
PE effective power input W
Pi other power input to the indoor-side compartment (e.g., illumination, W
electrical and thermal power input to the compensating device, heat
balance of the humidification device
Po total power input to the outdoor-side compartment with the exception W
of the power input to the equipment
Pr power input to the resistance heater W

Pt total power input to equipment W

∑P o
sum of all power input to any equipment in the outdoor-side W
compartment (e.g. re-heaters, fans, etc.)

∑P r
sum of all power input to indoor-side compartment W

qm air mass flow rate kg/s

٦٠
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2681/2007

Symbol Description Unit

q mi indoor air-flow rate m3/s
qv air volume flow rate m3/s
q wo mass flow rate of water supplied to the outside compartment to g/s
maintain test conditions
SHR sensible heat ratio -
t Temperature °C
t a1 temperature of air entering indoor-side compartment °C

ta2 temperature of air leaving indoor-side compartment °C

t a3 temperature of air entering outdoor-side compartment °C

ta4 temperature of air leaving outdoor-side compartment °C

T insulation thickness, interconnecting tubing mm

Vn specific volume of air at wet- and dry-bulb temperature conditions m3/kg of dry air
existing at nozzle inlet but at standard barometric pressure
Vn' specific volume of air at air-flow measuring device m3/kg of air-
water vapour
mixture
wi1 specific humidity of air entering indoor-side compartment kg/kg of dry air

wi 2 specific humidity of air leaving indoor-side compartment kg/kg of dry air

wn specific humidity at the nozzle inlet kg/kg

Wr rate at which water vapour is condensed by the equipment g/s

٦١