Common Packages in Selenium Java Automation Framework

A well-structured Selenium Java Automation Framework follows a modular architecture with

1. base Package (Test Setup & WebDriver Management)

Purpose:

• Manages WebDriver initialization, browser settings, and basic configurations.

• Ensures that each test has a consistent WebDriver setup.

Common Files:

• BaseTest.java → Initializes WebDriver, sets browser properties, handles test setup and
teardown.

• DriverManager.java → Creates WebDriver instances based on browser type.

Example:

public class DriverManager {

private static WebDriver driver;

public static WebDriver getDriver() {

if (driver == null) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");

driver = new ChromeDriver();

return driver;

public static void quitDriver() {

if (driver != null) {

driver.quit();

driver = null;

}
2. pages Package (Page Object Model - POM)

Purpose:

• Contains Java classes representing different pages of the application.

• Implements the Page Object Model (POM) to encapsulate UI elements and actions.

Common Files:

• LoginPage.java → Contains login page elements and methods.

• HomePage.java → Handles homepage interactions.

Example:

public class LoginPage {

private WebDriver driver;

public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);

@FindBy(id = "username")

private WebElement usernameField;

@FindBy(id = "password")

private WebElement passwordField;

@FindBy(id = "loginButton")

private WebElement loginButton;

public void login(String username, String password) {

usernameField.sendKeys(username);

passwordField.sendKeys(password);

loginButton.click();

}
}

3. testcases Package (Test Execution)

Purpose:

• Contains actual test scripts.

• Uses the Page Object Model for cleaner test cases.

Common Files:

• LoginTest.java → Automates the login scenario.

• CheckoutTest.java → Automates the checkout process.

Example:

public class LoginTest {

private WebDriver driver;

@BeforeMethod

public void setUp() {

driver = DriverManager.getDriver();

driver.get("https://example.com/login");

@Test

public void testLogin() {

LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);

loginPage.login("testuser", "password123");

Assert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(), "Home Page");

@AfterMethod

public void tearDown() {

DriverManager.quitDriver();

}
4. utils Package (Reusable Utility Methods)

Purpose:

• Contains reusable utility methods like file reading, date handling, waits, screenshots, etc.

Common Files:

• ExcelReader.java → Reads test data from an Excel file.

• WaitUtils.java → Implements explicit waits.

• ScreenshotUtil.java → Captures screenshots on test failures.

Example:

public class ScreenshotUtil {

public static void takeScreenshot(WebDriver driver, String fileName) {

File src = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

File dest = new File("screenshots/" + fileName + ".png");

FileUtils.copyFile(src, dest);

5. data Package (Test Data Management)

Purpose:

• Stores test data in Excel, JSON, or CSV files.

• Helps in data-driven testing.

Common Files:

• testdata.xlsx → Contains login credentials, search terms, etc.

• config.properties → Stores global settings (browser type, URL, etc.).

Example (config.properties):

baseURL=https://example.com

browser=chrome

username=testuser

password=pass123

Reading Config in Java:

public class ConfigReader {

static {

try (FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("config.properties")) {

properties = new Properties();

properties.load(file);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

public static String getProperty(String key) {

return properties.getProperty(key);

6. listeners Package (TestNG Listeners for Reporting & Logs)

Purpose:

• Implements TestNG listeners for logging, reporting, and screenshot capture on failure.

Common Files:

• TestListener.java → Implements ITestListener for test event handling.

Example:

public class TestListener implements ITestListener {

@Override

public void onTestFailure(ITestResult result) {

ScreenshotUtil.takeScreenshot(DriverManager.getDriver(), result.getName());

Data Flow in Selenium Framework

Step-by-Step Execution Process:

2. WebDriver Setup → base.DriverManager initializes WebDriver and opens the browser.

3. Page Interactions → pages.LoginPage interacts with the login form.

4. Data Fetching → data.ExcelReader reads data for login credentials.

5. Utility Methods → utils.WaitUtils ensures elements are loaded before interacting.

6. Assertions & Reporting → listeners.TestListener captures test failures and logs results.

7. Teardown → Browser closes via DriverManager.quitDriver().

Conclusion

• Separation of Concerns: Each package serves a specific purpose.

• Modularity: Easy to update and maintain.

• Scalability: Suitable for large projects with multiple test cases.

• Data-Driven Approach: Uses external data sources for test flexibility.

This structured Selenium Java framework ensures efficient and reusable test automation.