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1 Chapter 7 Health Data Standards Development, Harmonization & Interoperability - Complete

The document outlines the importance of health data standards for effective electronic health record (EHR) implementation and interoperability among healthcare systems. It categorizes standards into transport, vocabulary, content exchange, and security standards, emphasizing the need for harmonization among various entities involved in standards development. Additionally, it discusses the methods of creating standards and the roles of organizations in coordinating and harmonizing health data standards.

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Sarahly Joanna Molod
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27 views4 pages

1 Chapter 7 Health Data Standards Development, Harmonization & Interoperability - Complete

The document outlines the importance of health data standards for effective electronic health record (EHR) implementation and interoperability among healthcare systems. It categorizes standards into transport, vocabulary, content exchange, and security standards, emphasizing the need for harmonization among various entities involved in standards development. Additionally, it discusses the methods of creating standards and the roles of organizations in coordinating and harmonizing health data standards.

Uploaded by

Sarahly Joanna Molod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Health data Standards Development, Harmonization & Interoperability

Nursing Informatics

HEALTH DATA STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT, HARMONIZATION & INTEROP -


ERABILITY

Objectives:
1. What is data standard and its related terms?
a. Health data standards
b. Interoperability
2. What are the categories of standards?
3. Who are the entities responsible for standards coordination and harmonization?
4. What are the current initiatives in health data standard?
5. What is the importance of health data standards?
6. How standard are created?

Standards are foundational to the development, implementation, and exchange of


electronic health records (EHRs). The effectiveness of healthcare delivery is dependent
on the ability of clinicians to securely access health information when and where it is
needed. The capability of exchanging health information across organizational and sys -
tem boundaries, whether between multiple departments within a single institution or
among a varied cast of providers, payers, regulators, and others, is essential. A harmo-
nized set of rules and definitions, both at the level of data meaning as well as at the tech-
nical level of data exchange, is needed to make this possible. Additionally, there must be
a sociopolitical structure in place that recognizes the benefits of shared information and
incentivizes the adoption and implementation of such standards to improve population
health management.

WHAT IS DATA STANDARDS?


- Data standards are intended to reduce ambiguity in communication so that the ac-
tions taken based on data are consistent with the actual meaning of that data.
- Standards are created by several methods (Hammond, 2005):
o a group of interested parties comes together and agrees upon a standard;
o the government sanctions a process for standards to be developed;
o marketplace competition and technology adoption introduces a de facto
standard;
o a formal consensus process is used by a standards development organiza-
tion (SDO).

HEALTH DATA STANDARDS?


- The term health data standards is generally used to describe those standards hav-
ing to do with the structure and content of health information.

INTEROPERABILITY?
- The term interoperability describes the extent to which systems and devices can
exchange data, and interpret that shared data. For two systems to be interopera-
ble, they must be able to exchange data and subsequently present that data such
that it can be understood by a user (HIMSS, 2013).

STANDARDS CATEGORIES

Four broad areas are identified to categorize health data standards (Department of
Health and Human Services, 2010).
Health data Standards Development, Harmonization & Interoperability
Nursing Informatics

1. Transport standards are used to establish a common, predictable, secure com-


munication protocol between systems.
o Transport standards primarily address the format of messages that are ex-
changed between computer systems, document architecture, clinical tem-
plates, the user interface, and patient data linkage (Committee on Data
Standards for Patient Safety, 2004).
o To achieve data compatibility between systems, it is necessary to have prior
agreement on the syntax of the messages to be exchanged. The receiving
system must be able to divide the incoming message into discrete data ele-
ments that reflect what the sending system wishes to communicate.
a. Accredited Standards Committee X12N/Insurance
b. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
c. National Electrical Manufacturers Association
d. Communication Protocols
e. Current Procedural Terminology
f. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related
Health Problems: Ninth Revision and Clinical Modifications
2. Vocabulary standards consist of nomenclatures and code sets used to describe
clinical problems and procedures, medications, and allergies.
o A fundamental requirement for effective communication is the ability to rep-
resent concepts in an unambiguous fashion between both the sender and
the receiver of the message. Natural human languages are incredibly rich in
their ability to communicate subtle differences in the semantic content, or
meaning, of messages
a. Current Procedural Terminology
b. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related
Health Problems: Ninth Revision and Clinical Modifications
c. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related
Health Problems: Tenth Revision
d. Nursing and Other Domain-Specific Terminologies
e. RxNorm
f. Unified Medical Language System
g. Current Dental Terminology (CDT)
h. International Medical Terminology (IMT)
i. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-
IV-TR)
3. Content exchange standards and value sets are used to share clinical informa-
tion such as clinical summaries, prescriptions, and structured electronic docu-
ments.
o Information content standards define the structure and content organization
of the electronic message’s or document’s information content
a. American Society for Testing and Materials
b. Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium
c. Health Level Seven
d. International Health Terminology Standards Development Or-
ganization
e. LOINC
f. National Council for Prescription Drug Programs
g. National Uniform Claim Committee Recommended Data Set for
a Noninstitutional Claim
4. Security standards are used to safeguard the transmission of health data
through authentication and access control.
Health data Standards Development, Harmonization & Interoperability
Nursing Informatics

o HIPAA Security Standards for the Protection of Electronic Health In-


formation at 45 CFR Part 160 and Part 164, Subparts A and C
o ISO IEC 27002:2005 Standard

STANDARDS COORDINATION AND HARMONIZATION

It has become clear to both public and private sector standards development ef-
forts that no one entity has the resources to create an exhaustive set of health data stan-
dards that will meet all needs. New emphasis is being placed on leveraging and harmo-
nizing existing standards to eliminate the redundant and siloed efforts that have contrib-
uted to a complex, difficult to navigate health data standards environment. Advances are
being made in the area of standards harmonization through the coming together of in-
dustry groups to accelerate and streamline the standards development and adoption
process.
In addition to the various SDOs described above, the following organizations are
working at national and international levels to create synergistic relationships between
and across organizations. These emerging organizations are involved in standards devel-
opment, coordination, and harmonization in all sectors of the economy. Since many of
the health data standards issues, such as security, are not unique to the healthcare sec-
tor, this breadth of scope offers the potential for technology transfer and advancement
across multiple sectors.
The following is a brief description of some of the major national and international
organizations involved in broad-based standards development, coordination, and harmo-
nization.
1. American National Standards Institute
2. European Technical Committee for Standardization
3. Health IT Standards Committee
4. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise
5. International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
6. Object Management Group
7. Public Health Data Standards Consortium

How standard are created?


Standards are created by several methods (Hammond, 2005):
• A group of interested parties comes together and agrees upon a standard;
• The government sanctions a process for standards to be developed
• Marketplace competition and technology adoption introduces a de facto standard;
• A formal consensus process is used by a standards development organization
(SDO).

Activity
1. Make an output like mind mapping, brochure, graphic organizer, or concept
mapping showing the:
a. Value/importance of data standardization in health setting.
2. Attach your output file in google classroom.
3. Make sure you read Chapter 7 in the reference book “Essentials of Nursing Infor-
matics.”
Health data Standards Development, Harmonization & Interoperability
Nursing Informatics

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