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Fuzzy 2

Fuzzy logic maps input spaces to output spaces using if-then rules evaluated in parallel, allowing for nuanced interpretations of variables. It emphasizes the importance of defining terms and their associated adjectives, such as what constitutes 'hot' water or 'tall' people. Membership functions quantify the degree of membership within fuzzy sets, enabling smooth transitions between classifications rather than strict boundaries.

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Santiago Garrido Bullón
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20 views22 pages

Fuzzy 2

Fuzzy logic maps input spaces to output spaces using if-then rules evaluated in parallel, allowing for nuanced interpretations of variables. It emphasizes the importance of defining terms and their associated adjectives, such as what constitutes 'hot' water or 'tall' people. Membership functions quantify the degree of membership within fuzzy sets, enabling smooth transitions between classifications rather than strict boundaries.

Uploaded by

Santiago Garrido Bullón
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fuzzy 2

Overview

The point of fuzzy logic is to map an input space to an output space, and
the primary mechanism for doing this is a list of if-then statements
called rules.

All rules are evaluated in parallel, and the order of the rules is
unimportant.

The rules themselves are useful because they refer to variables and the
adjectives that describe those variables.

Before you can build a system that interprets rules, you must define all
the terms you plan on using and the adjectives that describe them.
To say that the water is hot, you need to define the range
within which the water temperature can be expected to
vary as well as what you mean by the word hot.

In general, fuzzy inference is a method that interprets the


values in the input vector and based on some set of rules,
assigns values to the output vector.

This topic guides you through the fuzzy logic process step-
by-step by providing an introduction to the theory and
practice of fuzzy logic.
The plot on the left shows the truth values for weekend-ness if you are forced
to respond with an absolute yes or no response.

On the right is a plot that shows the truth value for weekend-ness if you are
allowed to respond with fuzzy in-between values.
As another example of fuzzy sets, consider the question of seasons.

What season is it right now?

In the northern hemisphere, summer officially begins at the exact moment in the earth's orbit
when the North Pole is pointed most directly toward the sun.

It occurs exactly once a year, in late June.

Using the astronomical definitions for the season, you get sharp boundaries as shown on the
left in the figure that follows.

But what you experience as the seasons vary more or less continuously as shown on the right
in the following figure (in temperate northern hemisphere climates).
Membership Functions

A membership function (MF) is a curve that defines how each point in the input space is mapped to a membership
value (or degree of membership)

between 0 and 1. The input space is often referred to as the universe of discourse.

One of the most commonly used examples of a fuzzy set is the set of tall people.

In this case, the universe of discourse is all potential heights, say from three feet to nine feet.

The word tall corresponds to a curve that defines the degree to which any person is tall.

If the set of tall people is given the well-defined (crisp) boundary of a classical set, you might say all people taller
than six feet are officially considered tall.

However, it is unreasonable to call one person short and another one tall when they differ in height by an inch.
• If the kind of distinction shown
previously is unworkable, then what is the
right way to define the set of tall people?
• The output axis is a number known as
the membership value between 0 and 1.
• The curve is known as a membership
function and is often given the designation
of µ.

• For example, the following figure shows


both crisp and smooth tall membership
functions.

• In the top plot, the two people are


classified as either entirely tall or entirely
not-tall.
• In the bottom plot, the smooth
transition allows for different degrees of
tallness.

• Both people are tall to some degree, but


one is significantly less tall than the other.
• The taller person, with a tallness
membership of 0.95 is definitely a tall
person, but the person with a tallness
membership of 0.3 is not very tall.

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