DA x] Passive components donot perform’ _amplificati in ek 9 __| + Retine_componerth equine _pasdive compcmenta ts wat | Amplification weak gignal.do_shvong signal. bi Rectification = AE signot 42_D¢_sigrah__ \ att omer 7 . val) Electronic Components . | 2% vectfeotion Active component — pereforcm \ ovnplifimation & rectification, gertecr oomaplification 2 reotrhcahon. eR suerte Achve i [Electron tubes > Fixed Gas ited tues | > Voriabte IP Necuwm tube, Capacitors S[Semiconductns > Fired ee z — [avert - STOMS IOS = | Fiduceoes] _ — FON Sin reve © os 1 Divon cove. Dfeciite cove s08h 3 7 Flows OFy Recsdance —The Ane “that oppessea current eiecney Resiserescs (Aenctions) MAM —— _> drop tre voltage __ ee do tie the cwerent a yer | 2 do divida ‘the voltage __posenstiad dividere | Crercange mere _|© 1 VO) birve. 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PAndsinek U7e> ® sIGe @ Silicon—eovloide VDR SPCC Eck Sin Ty. in indie Copagiae[ 2 phene| 7 capacity fo stove’ chor ge. Bchorgeng Ke dischavegng we mous 5 amerids + en Fixed capacitsrs— den oyed by 'C! ‘ge : unl 2 fowad, ALE, ot, a? ie nn ening ciecurbs Capacitors play omy role DP cotculate time dear, 7 in ovcillatonsPa ate ce holace oe Nec poc ar Pe capa ci i 7 Peapacttars | ase) [i gant vevexsed —_capacine = cacuptes— a slonger ea 2 tve hover — . a i widely used. _es-ellectont< | —comganenta pe a tila i | Charging 2 Dischorging, a a 4 e ; ae 5 i -Choneging _|____—& | wlobidgi if 21 <4 : fo Hoy | a 4 ~ = Re# Time conStont 7 Time _constoror 18 the i a which dhe | geste chorrged upto fof red. volta -or This ret dh corpaict for “ gebLT a capaciisy of 5 Xf is ‘charged ithnra.gin—o [a@oistan ce’ of 2MN droigh (OV boctterry, Then finet | Time constant, |) TE RKC = axe x5x1* =|105.), . Taro capacities of 26 Ff L 5h ove connected in senen % then in ponallel. Find Cet in each cone 7 ae? 2ox\o° _ &5xI08 [ep ea ao 2 7— | Types: nf! ca paction: Fired copaciasr’y aI : Dl Paper (Non polo~) | —Vifager (Non pen __ Kral “(resin apres . PRHOR vrein Sooke ib toe diclectie. See opennY D foi) process — ‘impr eanation | ica s chtapeot Cerorme. Capacity:_-| Vorsiable Capacity, 0 en Gomg miata > used in srodte Stadion # Thimmert& Paddens. ATE = = or gong size weduaed Lg A ——wikobie s fier Lise | peStoe ee bg. sre el _ i wideby used im RE oon fan time (oe oe ne eos be more. Hyena] [Lani oF Induchy — Vern, then Thducken eos —covvup reds ee. Inducks cower Ben or ert —thereudhs 1% When 1 enol A cunicench As. passed 3 through conduc we induced yoltege of 1V~ then the | induced « Cuvee nt > | Henry Rix Core, inductee: ¥ ‘| “Poceromie vod - is CEES y |fnitige > Vp | - DVS F heey ee eee RRR NG ae step Up Feanstermen — Ne (230 > ho May) | Rep doom Transformer Np Ni (220° 25V, 10, 4V-< | wdustias application a oo | A Avene tee mex hoo 100 duvra of pr nctey_& | Schacns of wecondorry, ¢ Calculate “\secondayy | Lwaltony “i primary voltage “js: 120°V. 2trequercy if acto ee {Nec Ve Si joo = 20, STs Ns NG SoubsiVara) vil 6 Vs= (80x = [ey] 4 (2 Sin The frequency emaino _onchangedF L SA peste tt i wie ht — 120 yiamns ot primary | 0nd_20 tums of secondary Glculote. ceamdary — eit edmary aliteng.o i Q2ove see “Ne = Vp > 2j20 = 420 Ns Ws See UN \aP ety 3 Joo. is\\ kA R= 1 ke 1 _toort — 7 Enka - pure fo Semi conductors Si ade_wpure de parésrmn ootive. fienction Shi nste Compan B30) _| sefotalentscompgvids 24). b> x type. Cego- oo p type Cees Kdoping— process oF addivg impuritiea rp the pare | Asem of semi conduchs be» intyinsic 1 semiconductors Jo.co@ledt_ doping 7 =dopand_ pentorolerte —_| donors —__|_ P=type “Be is doped with a [0 doped with «) e pentavole n+ ara P ddivolent+ atm _Diliajority change orviens |OMgnivty chonge cong = elechons a holes en | : BMinowhy chorge covviews 2 Minowty ch ‘horrge cant a = holes | selectons . eae eee oe “cca i G a eat actype. jel ele Chron, From Mf. ype | ey is 5 called agen Gears called accept <9. Boron, flurimivrs | —adiun. — ae ees n jeretion diode ieee io aie ENP —> Yeoultty i -Curverct _ Clecty ons iNole: pai seh byes builbbn poterstiod / porentiad bow ner / sin ae simps depletion | once borvrie> Fremed , diode. “beceynes idnactive - if dicde is of Ge > _9.2V—borexten sabiod Si 0. # Vo boresion poternsroh Biasing —+he process of giving er-evnal power | ___ Supply. break, tre. depletion cregion 5 male} Ane diode conduct jo called biaing, _ ve orminad f diede covnielied ertve, “ev rrinae| — of batter 2 —ve fevmmival of diode is connected! apo -ve feminol of botter fre —ye 2 qve devin’ of battery uill repel Ie electrons 2 holes ‘yn ‘born the ecegion_svmu lta neovsly, $0 the electroro fom N ~vegion 7095. dhe junction, jond meet the: holer _n_—-99 gion te Form CUP fie holet_paiv) and _ge+ collected, towards che +Vve_tercerinal ot ce Salat ithe, Yale. _yove +b the _|__ ave et “Litleg Hounsal Bioo — “condition 1) _@ widtn of depletion neegion deereanes _@ diode acts o_o conductsr —_ © it ack oF 0 closed switch _ | @ ik giver smontrauin _cwrvent : | © the chade_condvets only radoirg Srviond bie (region Avenee —— ID Reverse. Blas)‘ ee - tye _devminaled-_ Ane _dioder — rome cted to _ the —ve decminal && bodery 2 _=ye_dercmaimal | _ of diode._16! commected... to _=tVE— deccmined of | _bodtey 1 - [= ao soon ao) battery valtoge ist lied Re | qndth_of depletion reqor inevsaaes-becauss i actheacten desovde _ | al the. charge iconviers ave — rhe bostery —tne —bort-r! quill not a@Qow jn_boty dhe _woverment af chacgs ax a During reverse lad conditdowy "@ ida cof depletion” region’ ncveoses ~ @_diade-acts_ap_o0_meslado a © ut ocks as 0 open suiitch ~ Ocoee is soi) be couse” of mimnoxlty Chowge cacrritns: ia both tps Xeaion 3 the cursenk jn eallled -vewerse_—carverr4 | © dide doen yrot “conduct \n veverSe hiao_ condition 3 a _ BAG soxsle i | Pe aa ae| the -ve devminad ¢# battery, &—ve_dercramal said tn. of. depletion region neve — | alll the charge iconviers ave o an ID Reverse . Blas. 9 aie - ve decminaled! ine dinagr fs qcmmected | to _ of diode is' cormected mm _-tve_derrwine? of wltdge | __bottery \ = 700 soon a9) battery battery The bor siex will not alow —_| dhe wovement of chonge —coani . fmerg acs 3 ‘s : lex Se naee ! i et “yncxe0ses "@ dede ac of ao wodabs © xt acts as 0 oper GLa ee seer eres eam contre 15 Wiielimurn becoune” of minority chose ceviens sw bata tne iegions 2 he | Laat esas in eoWled reverse Séxrore © digde deen yet conduct \n ~evexSe “hiao ee} candies Be gold 2 inot sola R foe ees 1 CAG, TbAB ; Lad = |; a a | : @ Be erie tile Be i uw} 4Q Reverse Blas: - +ve_decminalet _ Ane —dlioder the _=ve. “fecminal 2& badteny. 2 connected! y _stVE AE” |<. width of dep! ad the. charge icomsiens—* , | not afow “rhe oottevy “The bot ie 8" r | dhe vrovernenk of change _ convies—in_batin Snare Hegioms i wing reverse laa! condidars @ wider fF deplehon— Legion mores —__ @ _diode _o¢4s 09 _00_ moulotex —___— © iit cts aso open adlitch ae @® concreror 15 wit becouse” of smority, — 4 choidge*cairriens sn both thes “regions 1ths — current is Caled “reverse career} | | © diode | dees not “conduct in ~veverSe hiao — condition pst x trond FBC. feinBry he i zi6 + ugh wove Pecthen 1 Appl ications of diode ares I Rect#cotion — The process of Conver bit divectinnal, AC. into uvii divectional DC in called scectificedttorn Half ulove Rectifier: : re hall Yet : ; oN leer ac] | Tras Ss } . i+ es 8 Disodvoentoge > —ve half cycle 1S wasted’ (ao single if dicde in wooed) nyo Py aye Ns wre, sei tif Feonpfs men (ery expend v3) RE ae re Te | (< Luvin (ae) ztige— | Ly im tinea MonalntZener diode. (2V-20' =r oar re. [ =spesally, anys ST 2 urdet_YENEN a “by a coping 5 Sian k ____ aes : y Me L = J . = —_4 it — — in rund plored it acs norma, BD) Man P Voy RCetowilg) ke Ty Seonctowt (revs) Vent Vor (apa) LF =% Cclouly) *The voltage at which Covent Cont \ncreosing 15 called Zener voltage (Ince volt DY Vin [Yea constoret dT VGsopit) Zbovealedoun a 3 1 Roplicotion of Zener disde | f——pT. —pLep (Light emitting diodd)_ a ee 2 a ae | Arsenic«LED __B consmucreo uring galtium | resernic A phos prowess aro Q Tt works on broord Bian | con dicion — Dsymioe © constetes _ysing_codmium sulphide & cadmivm selenide _ 7 conduct. ae Ligier wtenstiy de pedo _| on _cunnenk sthnough rt 1 comrent Hough Ht depenta light intensity Ore mits Bight eye | conducts JOD conducts vinen ign is_imcidemt ot 4. © used in segment duplay (O used tro _cranski sens — | in dhicatterrs ete => Lineay Power Supply. Reje Mee iden |Hn Fo = emitter Sviediom S264 heavily > doped emits etecron— L401 ar ome— Bone. Heh EE x Fore —collector “Sarge Sized, medion dopes~ ——coltect5—etectrom———_ 2 thin sized, Lightly deped, contvea the dlechon fog” Th [va] Sects a Fe | Fe Saburation | a | RB [RB] Cut oft Fe [Re | Actve_| a | Diode _ TRroms Stors slacrt (OTe hao 2 terminal. __Mlewwinals ove anode catraela Ternimalo- eviiter ]OT reo & terminal Operated jm oth y reversed ica co @ 4 hap 2 junction _} |@ used oo amplifies Q ass} Suitteh ae? ‘apn.—pinp FET ee[adigtal.civcuids, Hansisers [as works oS a Suiltch - rowsters | 6 nade fo Work inicut off 4 satvration Jrate hy iork 0 a switch ase T= ‘Whew both funthion Reverse Diased. dromasty — cut off (tote > Pegeeeseec AA will not conduct 2 dk go dpen suitch GaseT— When _botn junction ~' Forward biseed, _ Hons saturotion crete ca dill amduer & sact 6 closed Den “ansstor — Retion, “\( Peden ‘Textbook ah Dene | ENP? Corvent Loar re, a h2_Cowvord 9 : Jo? Pevewe Bjao| t= 9emAh -Fe1oomh W= Ale = Wink = fogs | Te (00 wR 2mf [ee Senne faq | genevoror S| 2 ot)Ino. oF | ot oe Ware ae tae High veltage > closed puiteh Low voltage > open switch DLC Inductor Rcaady copocitonce 7 UT ce Alter output cerne cttd again b ‘mpuk > feedback =addisodvarndage ~ very coSHy, makes nose. Src debirition op SEY “ al #5 y DT pow op DOV {O7, +5, 1-2. 0°59 3.5V 2 5V —> Vigh Ate b 34V—> Trvolia OV to 5s V— Dow =" gon ameter 9 Propagation delay. >" Ee | Chea Ty Hye daker by TCAD Change = from-octive high stabet> | Lows sete | Spouse dissipation (in mui) _(fd)__ |e Figure of ment: Ep x f4\ Cin *) Qual ae Shan In Fan Out a wg wot pk cam be driven rest Hablg—by how rong Tc "s (belonging 4 fom 5 3 tarmilp