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Unit 3.10 - Unit 3 Genetics Test

This document is a genetics test consisting of multiple-choice questions and open-ended questions about mutations, DNA structure, and the role of specific genes in autism. It includes sections assessing knowledge on mutation types, DNA replication, and the implications of genetic findings related to autism. The test is structured into three parts, focusing on knowledge, interpretation, and application of genetics concepts.

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Eric Chiang
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107 views7 pages

Unit 3.10 - Unit 3 Genetics Test

This document is a genetics test consisting of multiple-choice questions and open-ended questions about mutations, DNA structure, and the role of specific genes in autism. It includes sections assessing knowledge on mutation types, DNA replication, and the implications of genetic findings related to autism. The test is structured into three parts, focusing on knowledge, interpretation, and application of genetics concepts.

Uploaded by

Eric Chiang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 3 - Activity 10 - Unit 3 Genetics Test

Name: ______________________ Date:_____________

K____/17 T/I___/11 C___/11 A____/16 W.A.____

PART 1: (K – 17)

1. Mutations which arise from exposure to mutagenic agents are:


a. Agent mutations
b. Spontaneous mutations
c. Induced mutations
d. Point mutations

2. When an amino acid is substituted for another, what type of mutation is it?
a. Nonsense mutation
b. Missense mutation
c. Silent mutation
d. Codon mutation

3. The main categories of mutations are:


a. Chromosomal and Frameshift
b. Substitution and Addition
c. Point and Substitution
d. Point and Chromosomal

4. The following are all types of point mutations EXCEPT:


a. Addition
b. Substitution
c. Deletion
d. Insertion

5. Only mutations that are in the ___________________ will be passed onto future
generations.
a. Somatic Cells
b. Reproductive Cells
c. Skin cells
d. Bone cells
6. Operns can be found in the DNA of:

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a. Bacteria
b. Humans and Bacteria
c. Humans
d. None of the above

7. __________________________ are always needs and as result are constantly


translated.
a. Housekeeping genes
b. Constant-use genes
c. Transcription factors
d. Translation factors

8. Which of the following is NOT true about mutations?


a. They are errors
b. They can be caused by UV rays
c. Cancer can be caused by mutations
d. All mutations are harmful

9. The following make up the human genome


a. 23 somatic and 23 sex chromosomes
b. 46 somatic chromosomes
c. 46 pairs of chromosomes
d. 20 pairs of sex chromosomes and 2 pairs of somatic chromosomes

10. DNA Polymerase 3 and DNA Polymerase 1 can act as ____________ and proof read a
DNA sequence.
a. Exonucleases
b. Restriction enzymes
c. Ligases
d. Plasmids

11. Which of following best describes the process of translation


a. It occurs in the Golgi apparatus
b. It uses RNA polymerase to make an mRNA molecule from DNA
c. It involves ribosomes using mRNA to make amino acids in a particular order
d. It makes functional enzymes

12. The role of DNA ligase is to:

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a. Join amino acids
b. Make hydrogen bonds when missing
c. Remove kinks in the DNA
d. Make bonds between phosphates and sugars, therefore joining strand segments

13. All of the following are on a ribosome and have a role in transcription EXCEPT
a. The A site
b. The C site
c. The E site
d. The P site

14. Directly after a DNA strand has been transcribed but before final modifications have
been made, the mRNA strand is referred to as the:
a. Initial transcript
b. Primary transcript
c. mRNA transcript
d. DNA transcript

15. DNA is anti-parrael, which means


a. Purines bind to pyrimidines
b. Bases are held together by phosphodiester bonds
c. There is a sugar triphosphate backbone
d. One strand runs 5’ to 3’, and the other strand in the opposite direction

16. Which of the following is untrue about DNA replication on the lagging strand?
a. It moves away from the replication fork
b. It occurs in fragments named Okazaki fragments
c. It is made in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. It occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction

17. The scientists who discovered “nuclein” which is now known to be DNA was:
a. Fredrick Griffith
b. Alfred Hershey
c. Friedrich Miescher
d. Francis Crick

PART 2: (T/I – 11, C-5)

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1. Use the DNA sequence to answer the following questions.

Correct DNA sequence: TAC TGA GGA ACA AAA ATT

Mutated DNA sequence: TAC TGG GGA ACA AAA ATT

a. Describe the nature of the mutation using the proper terminology. (T-1, C-1)

b. Describe the effect that this mutation will have the organism. (T-2, C-1)

2. Mutated DNA sequence: TAC TAG GAA CAA AAA TT

a. Describe the nature of the mutation using the proper terminology. (T-1, C-1)

b. Describe the effect that this mutation will have the organism. (T-2, C-1)

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3.

a. What happened at
A? (T/I-1)

b. Explain, how this process got from stage 2 to stage 3 (T/I -3, C-1)

c. What is B? (T/I -1)

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PART 3: (A- 16, C-6)

1. A recurring theme in SBI4U is that shape determines function. Use 2 examples from
genetics demonstrating how this statement is true. (A-6, C-2)

2. 'X' marks the spot in hunt for autism genes - 08 September 2006 (A- 10, C-4)

A previously unrecognized trigger for autism may have been found, in the form of mutations
that affects neuron development in a brain region important for learning and social interaction.
Autism is around four times more common in boys than girls, which suggests that mutations on
the X chromosome play a role, as boys lack a second X chromosome that could compensate for
any genetic abnormality. Studies have identified several hundred gene candidates, but no
conclusive links to a specific mutation.

Now a 15-year-long international screening effort has identified two different mutations of
the same X chromosome gene, which seem to be linked to autism in two unrelated families
(Molecular Psychiatry, DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001883). The gene encodes a protein called L10, a
vital component of ribosomes - the structures that build proteins. L10 is most actively
manufactured in the hippocampus, a brain region important in learning and memory as well as
some social and emotional functions.

Lead author Sabine Klauck of the Division of Molecular Genome Analysis at the German
Research Center in Heidelberg says the mutations are rare and are not present in their other
patients. But they do reveal an important pathway by which different genetic defects could
lead to different types of autism. Essi Viding of University College London says the finding are in
line with structural brain changes seen in autism, but cautions that many other genes will be
involved.

Based on your knowledge of biotechnology and how it’s applied in molecular genetics, describe
which techniques may have been used in this research and why. Please explain thoroughly.

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