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Matrix Algebra Notes

The document provides an overview of matrix algebra, including special types of matrices, operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication, and concepts like determinants and inverses. It outlines the steps for performing these operations and provides examples for clarity. Additionally, it explains how to solve simultaneous equations using the inverse of a matrix.

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Namir Kachot
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7 views3 pages

Matrix Algebra Notes

The document provides an overview of matrix algebra, including special types of matrices, operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication, and concepts like determinants and inverses. It outlines the steps for performing these operations and provides examples for clarity. Additionally, it explains how to solve simultaneous equations using the inverse of a matrix.

Uploaded by

Namir Kachot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrix Algebra - Study Notes

1. Special Types of Matrices

- Row Matrix: A matrix with only one row.


Example: [2 5 7]
- Column Matrix: A matrix with only one column.
Example:
[3]
[6]
[9]
- Square Matrix: A matrix with the same number of rows and columns.
Example:
[1 2]
[3 4]
- Identity Matrix: A diagonal matrix where all diagonal elements are 1.
Example:
[1 0]
[0 1]

2. Addition and Subtraction of Matrices

Step 1: Ensure matrices have the same order.


Step 2: Add/subtract corresponding elements.
Example: Addition
A = [1 2]
[3 4]
B = [5 6]
[7 8]
A + B = [6 8]
[10 12]
3. Multiplication of Two Matrices

Step 1: Ensure number of columns in the first matrix equals the number of rows in the second
matrix.
Step 2: Multiply row elements by column elements and sum them.
Example:
A = [1 2]
[3 4]
B = [2 0]
[1 3]
A * B = [4 6]
[10 12]

4. Determinant of Square Matrices

For a 2x2 matrix:


A = [a b]
[c d]
Det(A) = (a * d) - (b * c)
Example:
A = [3 2]
[5 4]
Det(A) = (3*4) - (2*5) = 2

5. Inverse of a Matrix and Solving Simultaneous Equations

The inverse exists only if the determinant is nonzero.


For a 2x2 matrix:
A_inv = (1/Det(A)) * [ d -b]
[ -c a]
Example: Finding the Inverse
A = [2 3]
[1 4]
Det(A) = (2*4) - (3*1) = 5
Adj(A) = [4 -3]
[-1 2]
A_inv = (1/5) * [4 -3]
[-1 2]

Solving Simultaneous Equations Using Inverse Matrix

Given equations:
2x + 3y = 8
x + 4y = 6
Matrix Form:
[2 3] * [x] = [8]
[1 4] [y] [6]
Multiplying by A_inv:
[x] = A_inv * [8]
[y] [6]
Final Answer: x = 2, y = 1

Summary

- Addition & Subtraction: Element-wise operations


- Multiplication: Row-by-column rule
- Determinant: Formula Det(A) = ad - bc
- Inverse: Exists only if determinant is not zero
- Solving Equations: Use A_inv to find unknowns

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