Republic of the Philippines

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY

Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

A. Course Code / Title : SM 224 / Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

B. Module Number : Module 13 – Stresses in Beams
C. Time Frame :
D. Description:
This module looks into the concept of Stresses in beams,
E. Objectives:
At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
1. Gain knowledge of different stresses develop in the beam.
2. Have a better understanding about stresses develop in the beam.
3. Able to solve problems relating to stresses in beams
F. Contents:
STRESSES IN BEAMS
Forces and couples acting on a beam cause bending (flexural stresses) and shearing stresses
on any cross section of the beam and deflection to the longitudinal axis of the beam.

 Flexure / Bending Stress

If couples are applied to the ends of the beam and no forces act on it, the bending
is said to be pure bending. If forces produced the bending, the bending is called
ordinary bending.

𝑀𝑐
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐼

Where:
fb = bending stress, MPa
M = moment, N – mm
c = distance of the outermost fiber from the neutral axis (n.a.), mm
I = moment of inertia about the n.a., mm4

 Shearing Stress
Shearing stress is developed due to shear force and is expressed as
𝑉𝑄
𝑓𝑣 =
𝐼𝑏

Where:
fv = shearing stress, MPa
V = shear force, N
I = moment of Inertia about neutral axis, mm4
b = effective width, mm
Q = Statical moment of area in consideration above or below the neutral axis
about the neutral axis.
 Q = A’ y
A’ = partial area / area in consideration, mm2
y = distance from centroid of partial area to neutral axis, mm

Problems:
1. Determine the maximum flexural stress and shearing stress developed for the
beam loaded as shown.

Solution:
 Solve for Maximum Shear and Moment

Max. V = 30 kN
Max. M= 45 kN-m

 Solve for Flexural Stress

MC
fb =
I

𝑀 = 45 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑐 = 150𝑚𝑚
bh3 (200)(300)3
In.a = = = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
12 12

(45x106 N − mm)(150mm)
fb =
450x106 mm4

fb = 15 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 Solve for Shear Stress

VQ
fV =
Ib

V = 30 kN
In.a = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
b = 200 mm
Q = Ay = (200𝑚𝑚 𝑥 150𝑚𝑚)(75 𝑚𝑚) = 2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3

(30000N)(2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3 )
fV =
(450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )(200mm)

fV = 0.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2. The beam loaded as shown, is made up of 6 – 200mm by 50mm wood planks
glued together to form a 200mm by 300mm beam.
a. Determine the bending stress and shearing stress at 2m from R1.
b. Determine the maximum bending and shearing stress developed in the
beam.
c. The shearing stress developed at every glued joint from top to bottom of the
beam at midspan.
15 kN 15 kN

300 mm
20 kN/m

2m 2m 2m

R1 R2 200 mm

Solution:

 Reaction:
(20)(6)
R1 = R 2 = + 15 = 75 kN
2

 Shear and Moment Diagram

a.) Flexure and Shear @ 2m from R1
 Flexure Stress
MC
fb(2m) = 300 mm
I

𝑀2𝑚 = 110 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑐 = 150𝑚𝑚
bh3 (200)(300)3 200 mm
In.a = = = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
12 12

(110x106 N − mm)(150mm)
fb(2m) =
450x106 mm4

fb(2m) = 36.67 𝑀𝑃𝑎

 Shear Stress

VQ
fV =
Ib

V2𝑚 = 35 kN
In.a = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
b = 200 mm
Q = Ay = (200𝑚𝑚 𝑥 150𝑚𝑚)(75 𝑚𝑚) = 2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3

(35000N)(2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3 )
fV(2m) =
(450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )(200mm)

fV(2m) = 0.875 𝑀𝑃𝑎

b.) Maximum Flexure and Shear Stress

 Flexure Stress
MC
fbmax =
I

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 120 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑐 = 150𝑚𝑚
In.a = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

(120x106 N − mm)(150mm)
fbmax =
450x106 mm4

fbmax = 40 𝑀𝑃𝑎
  Shear Stress

VQ
fVmax =
Ib

V𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 75 kN
In.a = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
b = 200 mm
Q = 2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3

(75000N)(2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3 )
fVmax =
(450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )(200mm)

fVmax = 1.875 𝑀𝑃𝑎

c.) The shearing stress developed at every glued joint from top to bottom of the beam
at midspan.
 50mm from top

VQ
fV =
Ib

V = 75 kN
In.a = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
b = 200 mm
Q = 𝐴𝑦 = (50𝑚𝑚𝑥200𝑚𝑚)(150𝑚𝑚 − 25𝑚𝑚) = 1.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3

(75000N)(1.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3 )
fV =
(450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )(200mm)

fV = 1.042 𝑀𝑃𝑎

 100mm from top

VQ
fV =
Ib

V = 75 kN
In.a = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
b = 200 mm
Q = 𝐴𝑦 = (100𝑚𝑚𝑥200𝑚𝑚)(150𝑚𝑚 − 50𝑚𝑚) = 2𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3

(75000N)(2𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3 )
fV =
(450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )(200mm)

fV = 1.67 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 150mm from top

VQ
fV =
Ib

V = 75 kN
In.a = 450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
b = 200 mm
Q = Ay = (200𝑚𝑚 𝑥 150𝑚𝑚)(75 𝑚𝑚) = 2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3

(75000N)(2.25𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3 )
fV =
(450𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )(200mm)

fV = 1.875 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3. Determine the safe load P that the beam can carry at its middle thirds if fbT ≤
48 MPa, fbC ≤ 80 MPa and fv ≤ 0.90 MPa.

50
75 mm mm 75 mm
P P

20 kN/m 225 mm

2m 2m 2m

75 mm
R1 R2

Solution:
 Reactions
20(6)
𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = + 𝑃 = 60 + 𝑃
2
 Shear and Moment Diagram

Max. V = (60 + P) kN
Max. M = (90 + 2P) kN − m
  Solve for the Centroid (𝑦̅)

𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2
𝑦̅ =
𝐴𝑇

225 75
(50𝑥225)( 2 + 75) + (200𝑥75)( 2 )
𝑦̅ =
50𝑥225 + 200𝑥75

𝑦̅ = 101.786𝑚𝑚

 Solve for the Moment of Inertia at Neutral axis

In.a = I1 + I2

Using transfer formula:

Solve for 𝐼1
2
(50)(225)3 225
I1 = I + Ad2 = + 50(225) ( + 75 − 101.786)
12 2

I1 = 130.113x106 𝑚𝑚4

Solve for 𝐼2
(200)(75)3 75 2
I2 = I + Ad2 = + 200(75) (101.786 − )
12 2

I2 = 69.023x106 𝑚𝑚4

In.a = 130.113x106 + 69.023x106

In.a = 199.136x106 𝑚𝑚4

 Solve for Safe Load P

o For Flexure (Tension Side)

MC
fb =
I

fbT = 48 MPa
M = 90 + 2𝑃
c = 101.786 𝑚𝑚
In.a = 199.136x106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑁 (90 + 2P)(1000)(101.786mm)
48 2
=
𝑚𝑚 199.136x106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑷 = 𝟕𝟖𝟐𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟑 𝐍 𝐨𝐫 𝟕𝟖. 𝟐𝟏𝟏 𝐤𝐍

 o For Flexure (Compression Side)

MC
fb =
I

fbC = 80 MPa
M = 90 + 2𝑃
c = 198.214𝑚𝑚
In.a = 199.136x106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑁 (90 + 2P)(1000)(101.786mm)
80 2
=
𝑚𝑚 199.136x106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟕 𝐍 𝐨𝐫 𝟐𝟒. 𝟎𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍

o For Shear:

VQ
fv =
Ib

fv = 0.9 MPa
𝑉 = 60 + 𝑃
In.a = 199.136x106 𝑚𝑚4
b = 50 mm
198.214
𝑄 = (198.214)(50) ( ) = 982.22𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
2
𝑁 (60 + P)(982.22𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 )
0.9 =
𝑚𝑚2 (199.136𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )(50mm)

𝐏 = 𝟗𝟎𝟔𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐍 𝐨𝐫 𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟑 𝐤𝐍

Therefore, Safe Load P = 9.063 kN (Shear governs)

G. References:
1. Strength of Materials 3rd Ed. by Ferdinand Singer and Andrew Pytel
2. Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 10th Ed. R.C. Hibbeler
3. Mechanics of Materials 7th Ed. Beer, Johnston, Mazurek, and De Wolf