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Python Programming with Corey Schafer_Notes_2

This document covers Python string manipulation, including variable assignment, string slicing, and methods for modifying strings such as uppercasing and counting characters. It explains how to handle errors with quotes, create multi-line strings, and use placeholders and f-strings for formatting. Additionally, it provides guidance on accessing string attributes and methods for further exploration.

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Muhammad Adil Maneka
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15 views

Python Programming with Corey Schafer_Notes_2

This document covers Python string manipulation, including variable assignment, string slicing, and methods for modifying strings such as uppercasing and counting characters. It explains how to handle errors with quotes, create multi-line strings, and use placeholders and f-strings for formatting. Additionally, it provides guidance on accessing string attributes and methods for further exploration.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Adil Maneka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Programming with Corey Schafer

Lecture 2 - Strings
• Setting variable
message = ‘Hello World’
print(message)
→ Hello World

*Text data i.e. Hello World is called string


*Setting good variable names is essential for better understanding i.e. we could set the variable
as ‘m’ instead of ‘message’ which would be valid but it would be difficult for others to
understand

• Setting variable with multiple words have _ in between


my_message = ‘Hello World’
print(my_message)
→ Hello World

• Single quote
message = ‘Bobby’s World’
print(message)
→ error
It is because of two ’ ’

Solution 1 of error
message = ‘Bobby\’s World’
print(message)
→ Bobby’s World
Solution 2 of error
message = “Bobby’s World”
print(message)
→ Bobby’s World

• Multi-line string
message = “““Bobby’s World was a
good cartoon”””
print(message)
→ Bobby’s World was a
good cartoon

• No. of characters in a string / length on the string


message = ‘Hello World’
print(len(message))
→ 11
It includes the space between the words

• Access string’s characters individually


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message[0]) / print(message[10]) / print(message[11])
→ H / d / error
First character starts at 0 and last is at 10 in this case

• Access string’s characters


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message[0:5])
→ Hello
First index is inclusive i.e. 0 while the last index is not i.e. 5

message = ‘Hello World’


print(message[6:11])
→ World
First index is inclusive i.e. 6 while the last index is not i.e. 11

• Access string’s characters - slicing


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message[:5])
→ Hello
If first index is not mentioned it automatically means 0

• Access string’s characters - slicing


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message[6:])
→ World
If last index is not mentioned it automatically means the last character

• Upper casing string’s characters


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message.upper())
→ HELLO WORLD

• Lower casing string’s characters


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message.lower())
→ hello world

• Counting certain characters appearing in the string


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message.count(‘Hello’))
→1
Hello (argument) appears one time in message

message = ‘Hello World’


print(message.count(‘o’))
→2
o (argument) appears three times in message

• Finding index on a character


message = ‘Hello World’
print(message.find(‘World’))
→6
6 is the index of the character

message = ‘Hello World’


print(message.find(‘Universe’))
→ -1
-1 shows that it cannot find it in the string

• Replace characters in a string


message = ‘Hello World’
message.replace(‘World’, ‘Universe’)
print(message)
→ Hello World
It is because it is not making the replacement in place

Solution 1 – setting a new variable


message = ‘Hello World’
new_message = message.replace(‘World’, ‘Universe’)
print(new_message)
→ Hello Universe

Solution 2 – with the same variable


message = ‘Hello World’
message = message.replace(‘World’, ‘Universe’)
print(message)
→ Hello Universe
• Adding multiple strings
greeting = ‘Hello’
name = ‘Michael’
message = greeting + name
print(message)
→ HelloMichael
There is no space in between

Solution – adding another string in between


greeting = ‘Hello’
name = ‘Michael’
message = greeting + ‘, ’ + name
print(message)
→ Hello, Michael

greeting = ‘Hello’
name = ‘Michael’
message = greeting + ‘, ’ + name + ‘. Welcome!’
print(message)
→ Hello, Michael. Welcome!

• Using placeholders {} for long/complex strings


greeting = ‘Hello’
name = ‘Michael’
message = ‘{}, {}. Welcome!’.format(greeting,name)
print(message)
→ Hello, Michael. Welcome!

• Using f strings for long/complex strings


greeting = ‘Hello’
name = ‘Michael’
message = f‘{greeting}, {name}. Welcome!’
print(message)
→ Hello, Michael. Welcome!

greeting = ‘Hello’
name = ‘Michael’
message = f‘{greeting}, {name.upper()}. Welcome!’
print(message)
→ Hello, MICHAEL. Welcome!
For uppercase name
• To know about all the attributes and methods available with a variable
name = ‘Michael’
print(dir(name))

• To know more about all string methods


print(help(str))

• To know more about a specific string method


print(help(str.lower))
→ lower(self, /) unbound builtins.str method
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase

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