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3rd Exam Reviewer.

The document outlines the evolution of long-distance communication methods from ancient techniques like carrier pigeons and smoke signals to modern telecommunications technologies such as fiber optics and wireless communication. It details key developments including the invention of the telegraph, telephone, and radio, as well as advancements in network topologies and transmission media. Additionally, it discusses the impact of electromagnetic interference and the structure of advanced home wiring systems.

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Mariel Banuno
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14 views3 pages

3rd Exam Reviewer.

The document outlines the evolution of long-distance communication methods from ancient techniques like carrier pigeons and smoke signals to modern telecommunications technologies such as fiber optics and wireless communication. It details key developments including the invention of the telegraph, telephone, and radio, as well as advancements in network topologies and transmission media. Additionally, it discusses the impact of electromagnetic interference and the structure of advanced home wiring systems.

Uploaded by

Mariel Banuno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Draft Copy CEE_BSEE_BCE 324

_Torres J
Historical Methods of Long-Distance Communication
Communication methods have evolved significantly over millennia, adapting to the needs of societies
and technological advancements.

Early Methods:
Carrier Pigeons: Trained birds used since 700 B.C.E. for long-distance message delivery.
Sound and Light Signals: Drums and horns relayed messages for coordinated movements.
Signal Fires: Used (e.g., Spanish Armada 1588) for alerting nearby troops and communities.
Rockets as Alerts: Ancient China used rockets for military alerts about attacks.
Smoke Signals: Native Americans created patterns with smoke from bonfires for
communication.
Lantern Signals: British Navy’s light signals for communication during low visibility.
Miscellaneous Signals: Included bells, whistles, and gunfire for maintaining
communication in poor conditions.

Development of Optical Telegraphs


Up until 1800: Horses were primary message deliverers, limiting speed.
Claude Chappe's Semaphore System (1793): Used rooftop stations to transmit over 100
miles in under 5 minutes with movable beams.
A. N. Edelcrantz's System: Used ten iron shutters for signaling.
Crude Semaphore Systems: Established in cities like Boston and NYC for urban
communication.

Electrical Communication Advances


19th Century: Marked by electromagnetism discoveries (1820) and electrical flow
principles.
Joseph Henry (1830): Achieved first practical electrical signal transmission.
Samuel Morse (1831): Patented electric telegraph and Morse Code (dots and dashes). First
message: "What hath God wrought" from U.S. Capitol to Baltimore (May 24, 1844).
By 1861: Over 2,000 telegraph offices in the U.S. for fast communication.
Transatlantic Cable (1867): First underwater cable connecting England and U.S.

Invention of the Telephone and Radio


Alexander Graham Bell (March 10, 1876): Invented the telephone with a funnel, copper
wire, and acid. First words: "Mr. Watson, come here, I want you!".
American Bell Company (1880): Formed with over 30,000 phones in use.
Significant Growth: By 1920, over ten million Bell System telephones.
Guglielmo Marconi (1895): Demonstrated first radio transmission (2 miles). First true radio
message (1901): Newfoundland to Cornwall, England.

Evolution of Telecommunications Technology


1865: Giovanni Caselli invented the pantelegraph, first fax system.
1924: First demonstration of images over telephone wires.
1926: John Logie Baird's first mechanical television demonstration with live faces.

Modern Telecommunications Landscape


Development of Technologies: Includes automatic switching, microwave, fiber optics, and
satellites (e.g., Telstar I, 1962).
Current Systems: Voice calls, fax, video conferencing, cable TV, internet, and wireless
communications.

Telecommunications System Overview


Definition: Transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds,
or data using various systems.
Functions:
Transmitters: Convert sound/data into signals.
Receivers: Convert signals back into recognizable data.
Transceivers: Function as both transmitters and receivers.

Transmission Formats
Analog Transmission: Converts data into electrical impulses for voice.
Digital Transmission: Represents data as varying voltages (0 and 1).
Bandwidth: Range of frequencies in Hertz; indicates information capacity.

Telecommunications Networks
Network Overview: Collection of interconnected devices for data sharing.
Nodes: Points (e.g., phones, computers) interconnected by cables.
Topology Types: Bus, star, and ring configurations impacting design.

Types of Network Topologies


Bus Topology: Workstations on a single cable trunk; all signals broadcasted.
Star Topology: Workstations to a central hub, allowing efficient routing.
Ring Topology: Workstations connected in a closed circular configuration.

Different Types of Networks


LAN: Local area networks for small areas.
MAN: Metropolitan area networks for cities or campuses.
WAN: Wide area networks for larger distances.

Transmission Media in Telecommunications


Cables: Common medium for data, including copper wire, coaxial cable, and optical fibers.
Copper Wiring: Gradually replaced by optical fibers.
Twisted Pair Cable: Common for telephones; can be shielded/unshielded.
Coaxial Cable: Higher bandwidth for better data transmission.
Optical Fibers: High-capacity medium; used for long distances with minimal degradation.

Wireless Communication Technologies


Wireless: Communications using electromagnetic waves for transmission.
Forms: Microwave, satellites, cellular, and Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi: High-frequency local area network technology for wireless internet access.

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)


Definition: Disturbance to telecommunication signals from surrounding electromagnetic
fields.
Guidelines: Position cables away from power lines to minimize interference.

Structured Cabling Systems


Definition: Integrated cabling systems for multi-application functionalities in buildings.
Subsystems: Includes backbone, entrance facilities, equipment rooms, and closets.

Advanced Home Wiring Systems


Components: Include communication, entertainment, home office, environmental controls,
and security subsystems.
Service Center: Central hub for managing incoming services within the home.

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