Temasek Secondary School Solutions

Name: _____________________________ ( )
Mathematics Department
Secondary 3
Class: ________ Date: ____________
Additional Mathematics

2.3 Solving linear and non-linear Simultaneous Equations

1. 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 36 2. 𝑥𝑥 2 = 2𝑦𝑦 + 1

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 8 𝑦𝑦 + 5 = 3𝑥𝑥

y= 8 − x y 3x − 5
=
3 x 2 + 4(8 − x) =
36 x 2= 2(3 x − 5) + 1
3x 2 − 4 x − 4 = 0 x2 − 6x + 9 = 0
(3 x + 2)( x − 2) =0 ( x − 3)( x − 3) = 0
3 x=+ 2 0 or x= −2 0 x= − 3 0 or x= −3 0
2 =x 3= or x 3
x= − or x = 2
3 y= 3(3) − 5 or y = 3(3) − 5
2 =y 4= or y 4
y = 8 − (− ) or y = 8 − 2
3
26
=y = or y 6
3
3. 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 1 4. . 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 58
𝑦𝑦 + 3 = 2𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 10

y= 2 x 2 + 1 − x y 10 − x
=
y+3= 2x x 2 + (10 − x) 2 =
58
2x2 + 1 − x + 3 =2x x 2 + 100 − 20 x + x 2 =
58
2 x 2 − 3x + 4 =0 2 x 2 − 20 x + 42 =
0
−(−3) ± (−3) 2 − 4(2)(4) x 2 − 10 x + 21 =0
x=
2(2) ( x − 7)( x − 3) =
0
3 ± −23 =x 7= or x 3
x= y= 10 − 7 or y = 10 − 3
4
(no real solution) =y 3= or y 7

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 A) Explore: Geometrical meaning of Solutions of a pair of Simultaneous Equations
Complete the table below:
A1 A2 A3
Simultaneous 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 36 𝑥𝑥 2 = 2𝑦𝑦 + 1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 1
Equations 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 8 𝑦𝑦 + 5 = 3𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 + 3 = 2𝑥𝑥
[from Activity A]
Solutions of
simultaneous
equations
Sketch of graphs y y y

Use the software,

DESMOS, to
sketch the pairs of
curve and line
expressed in x x x
Activity A.

Observe how they intersect or not intersect with each other. If they intersect, what are the
coordinates of the points of intersection?

Number of
intersection 2 1 0
point(s)

Coordinates of (-0.67, 8.67)

intersection points (3, 4) NIL
(if any) (2, 6)

Line touches the curve at 1

Describe the
point
relationship Line does not cut the curve at
Line cuts the curve at two OR
between the line all
points Line is a tangent to the curve
and curve

Derived Quadratic
Equation 3x 2 − 4 x − 4 =0 x2 − 6x + 9 =0 2 x 2 − 3x + 4 =0

b 2 − 4ac
(of resulting
quadratic 64 0 −23
equation)
(> 0, < 0, = 0)

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B) Connect

Based on your observations from the table in section B), use the following questions to draw
conclusions about the relationship between a curve and a straight line.

1 How are the solutions of a pair of simultaneous equations represented graphically?

__x-coordinates of the point(s) of intersection between the line and the curve_____

Fill in the following table, answer Q2-Q4:

Type of Relationship between a Curve and a Line

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

2 What are the different

possible types of Line touches the curve
relationship between a at 1 point
Line cuts the curve at
curve and a line? OR Line does not cut the
two points
Line is a tangent to the curve at all
curve

3 How do the solutions of a

pair of simultaneous
equations indicate the type Two distinct pairs of x
1 pair of x and y No solutions
of relationship between a and y
curve and a line described
in Q2?

4(a) How is the discriminant

2
( b − 4ac ) of a quadratic Solving a pair of simultaneous equations, the discriminant of the derived
equation used to identify quadratic equations would tell us the type of relationship between a line and a
each possible type of curve.
relationship between a
curve and a line described
in Q2?

4(a) What is the discriminant

2
( b − 4ac ) of the derived b 2 − 4ac > 0 b 2 − 4ac = 0 b 2 − 4ac < 0
quadratic equation?

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(C) Apply: Discriminant and Intersection Points of Two Graphs

5. Without solving, use discriminant to determine the number of points of intersection between the
curve and the line:
𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 = 2
2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 3

2 ---(1)
y 2 + x2 =
2x + y =3 ---(2)
(2) : y= 3 − 2 x ---(3)
Sub (3) into (1),
(3 − 2 x) 2 + x 2 =
2
5 x 2 − 12 x + 7 =0
b 2 − 4ac =(−12) 2 − 4(5)(7)
=4
Since b 2 − 4ac=
> 0, the line 2 x + y 3 intersects
= the curve y 2 + x 2 2 at two points.

6. The line y = 2 x − 5 is tangent to the curve y = 3 x 2 − 6 x + k , where k is a constant. Find the

value of k.
Sub y = 2 x − 5 into y = 3 x 2 − 6 x + k ,
3x 2 − 6 x + k = 2 x − 5
3x 2 − 8 x + k + 5 =0
[a = 3, b = −8, c =k + 5]
For line to be a tangent to the curve, b 2 − 4ac =
0
(−8) 2 − 4(3)(k + 5) =
0
64 − 12k − 60 = 0
12k = 4
1
k=
3

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7. Find the range of values of p for which the line y = x + p meets the curve y 2 = 2 x + 4 .

Sub y =
x + p into y 2 =
2 x + 4,
( x + p ) 2 =2 x + 4
x 2 + 2 px + p 2 − 2 x − 4 =0
x 2 + (2 p − 2) x + p 2 − 4 =0
For the line y =
x + p to meet the curve y 2 =
2 x + 4,
b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0
(2 p − 2) 2 − 4(1)( p 2 − 4) ≥ 0
4 p 2 − 8 p + 4 − 4 p 2 + 16 ≥ 0
8 p ≤ 20
p ≤ 2.5

Self Practice Questions

1. Solve the simultaneous equations.

x 2 − xy + y 2 = 7 ,
2x − y = 5 .

7 --(1)
x 2 − xy + y 2 =
2x − y = 5
y 2 x − 5 --(2)
=
Sub (2) into (1),
x 2 − x(2 x − 5) + (2 x − 5) 2 =
7
x 2 − 2 x 2 + 5 x + 4 x 2 − 20 x + 25 − 7 =
0
3 x 2 − 15 x + 18 =
0
3( x − 2)( x − 3) =
0
x = 2 or 3
When x = 2, y = −1
When= x 3,= y 1

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2. The line 2 x + y = 7 intersects the curve x( x − y ) = 7 − y 2 at A and B. Find the
coordinates of A and B.

x( x − y ) =7 − y 2 ---(1)
y= 7 − 2 x ---(2)
Sub (2) into (1),
x 2 − x(7 − 2 x) − 7 + (7 − 2 x) 2 =
0
x 2 − 7 x + 2 x 2 − 7 + 49 − 28 x + 4 x 2 =0
7 x 2 − 35 x + 42 =0
7( x − 2)( x − 3) =
0
x = 2 or 3
When= x 2,= y 3
When= x 3,= y 1
A = (2,3)
B = (3,1)

3. The line y = 2 x − 5 is tangent to the curve y = 3 x 2 − 6 x + k , where k is a constant. Find

the value of k.

Sub y = 2 x − 5 into y = 3 x 2 − 6 x + k ,
3x 2 − 6 x + k = 2 x − 5
3x 2 − 8 x + k + 5 =0
[a = 3, b = −8, c =k + 5]
For line to be a tangent to the curve, b 2 − 4ac =
0
(−8) 2 − 4(3)(k + 5) =
0
64 − 12k − 60 = 0
12k = 4
1
k=
3

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 4. Find the range of values of k for which the line y + kx = 12 meets the curve x 2 + xy = 12
at two distinct points.

Sub y=
+ kx 12 into x 2=
+ xy 12,
x 2 + x(12 − kx) =
12
x 2 + 12 x − kx 2 − 12 =
0
(1 − k ) x 2 + 12 x − 12 =
0
For the line y + kx 12 to meet
= = the curve x 2 + xy 12 at two distinct points,
b 2 − 4ac > 0
122 − 4(1 − k )(−12) > 0
144 + 48 − 48k > 0
48k < 192
k<4

5. Given that the straight line y = cx + 6 does not intersect the curve xy + 3 =0 at all, find
the range of values of c.

Sub y = cx + 6 into xy + 3 = 0,
x(cx + 6) + 3 =0
cx 2 + 6 x + 3 =0
For the line y = cx + 6 not to intersect the curve xy + 3 = 0 at two distinct points,
b 2 − 4ac < 0
62 − 4(c)(3) < 0
12c > 36
c>3

6. Find the range of values of p for which the line y = x + p meets the curve y 2 = 2 x + 4 .

[same question as Q7 on pg.5].

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