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Chapter 05 A Projection Method

The document discusses projection methods used to represent 3-D objects on 2-D media, focusing on perspective and parallel projections. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of orthographic, axonometric, and multiview drawings, emphasizing that orthographic projection provides accurate shape and size while axonometric drawings may distort shapes and angles. The content is aimed at technical drawing for effective communication in engineering.

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ayomide.adekoya
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14 views12 pages

Chapter 05 A Projection Method

The document discusses projection methods used to represent 3-D objects on 2-D media, focusing on perspective and parallel projections. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of orthographic, axonometric, and multiview drawings, emphasizing that orthographic projection provides accurate shape and size while axonometric drawings may distort shapes and angles. The content is aimed at technical drawing for effective communication in engineering.

Uploaded by

ayomide.adekoya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

PROJECTION
METHOD

Gec 117-Kilanko
PROJECTION METHOD

Perspective Parallel

Oblique Orthographic

Axonometric Multiview
Gec 117-Kilanko
PROJECTION THEORY

The projection theory is used to graphically represent


3-D objects on 2-D media (paper, computer screen).

The projection theory is based on two variables:


1) Line of sight
2) Plane of projection (image plane or picture plane)

Gec 117-Kilanko
Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an
observer’s eye and an object.

There are 2 types of LOS : parallel and converge

Parallel projection Perspective projection


Line of sight
Line of sight

Gec 117-Kilanko
Plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane which
the image is created.

The image is produced by connecting the points where


the LOS pierce the projection plane.

Parallel projection Perspective projection


Plane of projection Plane of projection

Gec 117-Kilanko
Disadvantage of
Perspective Projection
Perspective projection is not
used by engineer for manu-
facturing of parts, because

1) It is difficult to create.
2) It does not reveal exact
shape and size.
Width is distorted

Gec 117-Kilanko
Orthographic
Projection
Gec 117-Kilanko
MEANING
Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique
in which the parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the
projection plane

Object views from top


1

2
1 5 2 3 4

5
3

Projection plane
Gec 117-Kilanko
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
Orthographic view depends on relative position of the object
to the line of sight.
Rotate

Two dimensions of an
object is shown. Tilt
More than one view is needed
to represent the object.

Multiview drawing

Three dimensions of an object is shown.

Axonometric drawing
Gec 117-Kilanko
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
NOTES

Orthographic projection technique can produce either


1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.
2. Axonometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.

Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for


communication.

Gec 117-Kilanko
Axonometric (Isometric) Drawing
Advantage Easy to understand

Disadvantage Shape and angle distortion

Example Distortions of shape and size in isometric drawing

Circular hole
becomes ellipse.

Right angle becomes obtuse angle.


Gec 117-Kilanko
Multiview Drawing
Advantage It represents accurate shape and size.

Disadvantage Require practice in writing and reading.

Example Multiviews drawing (2-view drawing)

Gec 117-Kilanko

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