Chapter 6

Orthographic
Writing

Gec 117-Kilanko
 TOPICS

View selection
Alignment of view
Orthographic writing steps
Basic dimensioning
Tangency and intersections

Gec 117-Kilanko
View Selection

Gec 117-Kilanko
 VIEW SELECTION STEPS
1. Orient the object to the best position
relative to a glass box.

2. Select the front view.

3. Select adjacent views.

Gec 117-Kilanko
 STEP 1 : Orient the Object
The object should be placed in its natural position.
The object should presents its features in actual
size and shape in orthographic views.

GOOD NO !

Gec 117-Kilanko
 STEP 2 : Select a Front View
The object’s longest dimension should be
presented as a width.
First choice Second choice
Waste more space

Inappropriate GOOD

Gec 117-Kilanko
STEP 2 : Select a Front View
The adjacent views that are projected from the
selected front view should appear in its natural
position.

Inappropriate

Gec 117-Kilanko
STEP 2 : Select a Front View
Choose the view that have the fewest number of
hidden lines.

GOOD Inappropriate

Gec 117-Kilanko
 STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View
Choose the view that have the fewest number of
hidden lines.

GOOD

Inappropriate

GOOD
Inappropriate
Gec 117-Kilanko
STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View
Choose the minimum number of views that can
represent the major features of the object.
Necessary Hole’s location can be
specified on the same view.
Easy to understand

Difficult to interprete.

Necessary
Gec 117-Kilanko
STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View
Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing
space.

POOR

Not enough space

Gec 117-Kilanko
STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View
Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing
space.

GOOD

Gec 117-Kilanko
 Example : View selection

mislead to…

D
H W
F.V.

W D

F.V. & T.V. Three views F.V. & R.S.V.

Size description ✓ ✓ ✓
Shape description  ✓ ✓
Gec 117-Kilanko
 ONE-VIEW DRAWING
Flat part having a uniform thickness.

1 Thick

Unnecessary These 2 views provide only information

Unnecessary
Repeat !

Infer from CL

Unnecessary
Gec 117-Kilanko
 TWO-VIEW DRAWING
There exists an identical view.

Repeat !
Unnecessary

Gec 117-Kilanko
 TWO-VIEW DRAWING
The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Unnecessary
Gec 117-Kilanko
 TWO-VIEW DRAWING
The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Unnecessary
Gec 117-Kilanko
Alignment of Views

Gec 117-Kilanko
 PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
- European country
- ISO standard First Quadrant

2. Third angle system

Third
Quadrant
Gec 117-Kilanko
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1st angle system 3rd angle system

Gec 117-Kilanko
 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system

Folding
line

Folding
line
Folding
line

Folding
line

Gec 117-Kilanko
 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system

Right Side View Front View Top View

Top View Front View Right Side View

Gec 117-Kilanko
 PROJECTION SYMBOLS
First angle system Third angle system

Gec 117-Kilanko
Orthographic Writing
Steps

Gec 117-Kilanko
 WRITING STEPS

1. Select the necessary views

4. Dimension the views.

Gec 117-Kilanko
1. SELECT THE NECESSARY VIEWS

Gec 117-Kilanko
 2. LAYOUT THE VIEWS

A4

152

64

25

45

152

Choose an
appropriate scale 1:1

Gec 117-Kilanko
PROJECT THE VIEWS

Gec 117-Kilanko
DIMENSION THE VIEWS
x
x

y
y
x x
y

y
PART NAME

NOTES
1. Dimensions in millimeters.
2. ….

Gec 117-Kilanko
 TRANSFERING
THE DEPTH DIMENSION
1. Direct measurement

3
27

2
1
0
0 1 2 3 27
Starting point
Gec 117-Kilanko
 TRANSFERING
THE DEPTH DIMENSION
2. Use miter line

45

Views too close

Gec 117-Kilanko
 COMPONENTS

10 27
1. Extension lines 10 Drill, 2 Holes
R16
2. Dimension lines
3. Leader lines

17
4. Dimension numbers

5. Local notes 43

Gec 117-Kilanko
Tangencies and
Intersections

Gec 117-Kilanko
 TANGENT & INTERSECTION
No line is formed when curved surface tangent
to a plane surface.
Line is formed when curved surface intersects
a plane surface.
No line

tangent intersect

No line

tangent intersect
Gec 117-Kilanko
 TANGENT & INTERSECTION

limiting element

tangent tangent
tangent
intersect plane

Gec 117-Kilanko
 TANGENT & INTERSECTION
tangent

No line tangent
intersect

tangent tangent

No line No line tangent

Gec 117-Kilanko
QUIZ

Gec 117-Kilanko
1. Which should be the natural position of the light
bulb ? (20 sec)

a b)

c) d)

0 5 10 15 20

Gec 117-Kilanko
2. Which are the necessary views ? (60 sec)

a) A-C-E E
D
b) E-B-D B
c) E-A
d) E-C

A C

F
0 15 30 45 60

Gec 117-Kilanko
3. Which is in correct first angle projection ? (180 sec)
a) b)

c) d)

0 45 90 135 180

Gec 117-Kilanko
4. Which is in correct third angle projection ? (180 sec)
a) b)

c) d)

0 45 90 135 180

Gec 117-Kilanko
5. Which is a wrong 3rd angle orthographic views ?
(180 sec)

a) b)

c) d)

0 45 90 135 180

Gec 117-Kilanko